Chapter V Emergency Rescue of Accidents
Section 3 Drill and Review of Emergency Rescue Plan for Accidents
Overview requirements:
Check the candidate's familiarity with the accident emergency rescue system; Master the emergency rescue plan for accidents; Master the drill and review of accident emergency rescue plan.
Changes in the outline of this chapter: same as the outline requirements in 2004.
Examination content:
Section 3 Drill and Review of Emergency Rescue Plan for Accidents
1. Understand the basic requirements of emergency rescue plan drills;
2. Be familiar with the types, basic tasks and implementation process of emergency rescue plan drills;
3. Understand the evaluation method and content of the drill effect of accident emergency rescue plan.
Changes in the outline of this lecture:
Same as the requirements of the 2004 outline.
The main points of this lecture:
1. Exercise types and participants
2. Evaluation of drilling results
Description:
I. Types of exercises and participants
Section 3 Emergency Plan Exercise
Emergency plan drill is an important means to test, evaluate and maintain emergency capability. Its important function is to expose the defects of plans and procedures and find the shortage of emergency resources (including manpower and equipment, etc.) before the accident really happens. ), improve the coordination among emergency departments, institutions and personnel, enhance the public's confidence and emergency awareness in dealing with sudden major accidents, improve the proficiency and technical level of emergency personnel, further clarify their respective posts and responsibilities, improve the coordination among plans at all levels, and improve the overall emergency response capability.
I. Types of exercises
The completeness and thoroughness of the emergency plan can be evaluated through emergency drills of different scales, such as desktop drills, functional drills and comprehensive drills.
Desktop exercise
Desktop drill refers to the drill activities that should be taken by representatives of emergency organizations or key personnel to discuss emergencies according to the emergency plan and its standard working procedures. Desktop drills are characterized by oral drills of drill scenes, which are usually conducted in conference rooms. Its main purpose is to train participants' problem-solving ability and solve the problems of mutual cooperation and division of responsibilities among emergency organizations.
Desktop drills are generally limited to limited emergency response and internal coordination activities, and emergency personnel are mainly from local emergency organizations. After that, they usually collect suggestions from participants in the form of oral comments, and submit a short written report to summarize the drill and put forward suggestions for improving emergency response. Desktop exercise is low in cost and mainly prepares for functional exercise and comprehensive exercise.
(2) Functional exercises
Functional drills are drills for emergency response functions or some emergency response actions. Its main purpose is to test the planning and response ability of emergency personnel and the emergency response function of emergency system. For example, the exercise of command and control functions aims to detect and evaluate the centralized operation and response capabilities of multiple government departments in an emergency. The exercise sites are mainly concentrated in several emergency command centers or field command centers, carrying out limited on-site activities and calling limited external resources.
The scale of functional exercises is larger than that of desktop exercises, and more emergency personnel and institutions need to be mobilized. Therefore, with the participation of more organizations, the difficulty of coordination increases. After the drill, in addition to oral comments, a written report on the drill activities should also be submitted to the relevant local departments, and suggestions for improvement should be put forward.
(3) Comprehensive drill
Comprehensive drill is a drill that refers to all or most of the emergency response functions in the emergency plan and tests and evaluates the emergency operation ability of emergency organizations. Generally speaking, comprehensive drills should last for several hours and be conducted in an interactive manner. The drill process should be as real as possible, mobilize more emergency personnel and resources, conduct actual drills of personnel, equipment and other resources, and test the coordinated emergency response capability. Similar to functional drills, after the drills, besides oral comments and written reports, formal written reports should be submitted.
Organizers or planners of emergency drills should consider the following factors when deciding which exercise method to adopt:
(1) Progress of emergency plan and response procedure.
(2) The nature and scale of risks in this field.
(3) The existing emergency response capability in this region.
(4) Emergency drill expenses and financing.
(5) The attitude of relevant government departments to emergency drills.
(6) Resources invested by emergency organizations.
(7) Emergency drill regulations promulgated by national and local government departments.
No matter which drill method is selected, the emergency drill plan must meet the needs and resource conditions of emergency management of major accidents in the jurisdiction.
Second, the participants in the exercise
Participants in emergency drills include participants, controllers, simulators, evaluators and observers. These five types of personnel all play an important role in the exercise, and they should wear identifiers that can show their identity during the exercise.
(1) participants
Participants refer to people who undertake specific tasks in emergency organizations and try their best to deal with simulated events in the drill scenes or real situations, which is equivalent to the so-called actors. The specific tasks undertaken by the participants mainly include:
(1) Rescue the wounded or trapped people.
(2) Protection of property or public health.
(3) Obtain and manage all kinds of emergency resources.
(4) Cooperate with other emergency personnel to deal with major accidents or emergencies.
(2) Control personnel
The controller refers to the person who controls the time and progress of the drill according to the drill scene. According to the requirements of the drill plan and the drill plan, the controller guides the participants to act according to the response procedure, and constantly gives information or intelligence for the participating commanders to judge and put forward countermeasures. Its main tasks include:
(1) Ensure that the designated drilling project is completely drilled to facilitate the evaluation work.
(2) Ensure the task quantity and challenge of the drill activities.
(3) Ensure the progress of the drill.
(4) Answer the students' questions and solve the problems in the drill.
(5) Ensure the safety of the drill process.
(3) Simulator
Simulator refers to the person who plays, replaces some emergency organizations and service departments, or simulates emergency events and developments in drills. Its main tasks include:
(1) An institution or service department that should interact with the emergency command center and the on-site emergency command post when acting or replacing normal situations or responding to actual emergencies. For various reasons, these institutions or service departments did not participate in this exercise.
(2) Simulate the accident process, such as releasing smoke, simulating meteorological conditions and simulating leakage.
(3) simulate the victim or the affected person.
(4) Evaluator
Evaluators are those who are responsible for observing and recording the progress of the exercise. Its main tasks include:
(1) Observe the emergency actions of the participants and record the observation results.
(2) Assist the controller to ensure that the exercise is carried out as planned and does not interfere with the participants' work.
5. Observers
Observers refer to the audience from relevant departments and external institutions who watch the exercise process.
Third, the basic process of practice implementation
As emergency drills are a series of behaviors and activities involving many institutions and organizations, the organization and implementation of emergency drills is a very complicated task, and the establishment of emergency drill planning group (or leading group) is the key to successfully organize and carry out emergency drills. The planning team should be composed of various professionals, including personnel from fire control, public security, medical first aid, emergency management, municipal administration, schools and meteorological departments, as well as representatives from news media, enterprises and transportation units. When necessary, the military, nuclear accident emergency organizations or institutions can also send personnel to participate in the planning group. In order to ensure the success of the drill, participants are not allowed to participate in the planning group, let alone participate in the design of the drill plan.
The process of comprehensive emergency drill can be divided into three stages: drill preparation, drill implementation and drill summary. The basic tasks of each stage are shown in Figure 5-6.
Figure 5-6 Basic Process of Comprehensive Emergency Drill Implementation
Second, the evaluation of the drill results
Fourthly, the evaluation of the drill results.
After the emergency drill, the drill effect should be evaluated, and a drill report should be submitted to explain the problems found in the drill in detail. According to the degree of timely and effective impact on emergency rescue work, the problems found in the drill are divided into deficiencies, rectification and improvement.
(1) defect
Shortcomings refer to the defects in emergency preparedness observed or identified in the drill, which may lead to the inability to ensure that emergency organizations or emergency rescue systems have the ability to take reasonable measures to protect public safety and health in case of emergency. Deficiencies should be corrected within the specified time. When the problems found in the drill are identified as deficiencies, the person in charge of the planning group shall explain the deficiencies in detail and give the corrective measures to be taken and the completion time limit. The factors most likely to lead to defects include: responsibility allocation, emergency resources, alarms, notification methods and procedures, communication, situation assessment, public education and public information, protective measures, emergency personnel safety and emergency medical services.
(II) Rectification matters
Rectification refers to the defects in emergency preparedness observed or identified in the drill, which cannot adversely affect public safety and health in emergency rescue alone. The rectification items should be corrected before the next exercise. In the following two cases, the rectification items can be classified as deficiencies: first, there are more than two rectification items in an emergency organization, and the joint action of * * * can affect the ability to protect public safety and health; Second, in the process of repeated drills, an emergency organization repeatedly appeared the rectification problems found in the previous drills.
(3) improvement projects
Improvement refers to the problems that need to be improved in the process of emergency preparedness. Improvement items are different from deficiencies and rectification items, and will not have a serious impact on the safety and health of personnel. Will improve according to the situation, not necessarily require correction.
Summary: This lecture requires focusing on the types, basic tasks and implementation processes of emergency rescue plan drills.