Archives refer to records, documents or materials generated, held and preserved by organs, institutions, groups or individuals in the course of business processing.
China ancient archives have different titles in different dynasties. Shang dynasty was called "book", Zhou dynasty was called "clock", Qin and Han dynasties were called "ancient books", and after Han and Wei dynasties were called "documents", "manuscripts", "files" and "books". After the Qing dynasty, it was often called "file", but now it is collectively called "file".
brief introduction
Archives are directly formed historical records. "Direct formation" means that the file inherits the originality of the file, and "historical record" means that the file inherits the record of the file at the same time, which is the original file that reproduces the true face of history. It is precisely because archives inherit the original records of documents and have historical reproducibility that archives have the important attribute of voucher value, which is different from books, information materials and cultural relics. [3]
1, the creator of the file. Archives are formed by official institutions, semi-official institutions, unofficial institutions and some individuals, families and clans.
2. The file comes from a document. Archives are conditionally transformed from documents. The "document" here refers to documents in a broad sense, that is, various materials formed in the form of words, charts, audio-visual images, etc. Archives and documents are different forms of the same thing in different value stages, which have homology and stage characteristics, as well as personality differences such as effectiveness, functionality and clutch. From file to file is a dialectical movement process of critical inheritance. From the content and form of information, the two are exactly the same, but from the perspective of timeliness, value and systematicness, archives are the constant sublation of documents. The first is the criticism of timeliness, and the file is a processed file; Secondly, the value evaluation, the file is the part of the completed document that has preservation value; Finally, it is systematic criticism. Archives are information units organized by scattered files according to certain logical laws. Therefore, the file is the predecessor of the file and the file is the destination of the file; Documents are the basis of archives, and archives are the essence of documents; Files are the materials of files, and files are the combination of files.
3. There are many forms of archives. The forms of archives include carriers, means of production and ways of expression. From the carrier, there are Oracle bones, epigraphy, silk books, simple books, paper, rubber magnets and so on; From the production methods, there are knife engraving, pen writing, printing, copying, photography, audio recording, video recording and so on. From the way of expression, there are words, charts, audio-visual and so on.
4. The essential attribute of archives. Archives have the characteristics of historical reproducibility, knowledge, information, politics, culture, sociality, education and value, among which historical reproducibility is its essential attribute and other characteristics are its general attributes. Therefore, the definition of archives can be simply expressed as: archives are the original documents that reproduce the true face of history.
personal file
Personal file is the abbreviation of a person's life track, which is very important information for employers to understand a person's situation and an important part of a person's political career. It cannot be underestimated or ignored. As long as a person needs to work and live, it is inseparable from dealing with some units and departments in society. Establishing personal files is not only the need of work, but also the need of society, and it is an important means for units or enterprises to understand a person. People who don't have files are certainly not convenient for units or enterprises to understand you, which is definitely unfavorable to individuals. Storage and custody is of course an important link. As for how and where to raise it? Generally, it should be in the personnel file management department at or above the county (city) level, mainly referring to the registered personnel of the state administration or institutions; For the vast rural population, there should generally be township household registration management departments; Unless otherwise stipulated for enterprise units, they should generally be managed by their superior units. There are other regulations for a large number of floating population.