1, the economic benefits of developing corn harvesting mechanization
The corn harvest of that invention can not only pick ears of fruit, but also crush corn stalks and return them to the fields, thereby reducing environmental pollution cause by straw burning, increasing soil organic matter content, improving fertility and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. With the improvement of the mechanization level of corn harvesting, it can solve the problems in the production process of main crops and play an important role in improving the overall level of agricultural mechanization. The solution of this problem will promote the rational circulation of land, be conducive to the formation and development of agricultural scale management, and promote agricultural efficiency and farmers' income. In addition, we can also make use of the favorable conditions of wide corn planting range in China to organize farmers to carry out cross-regional operations, increase the income of mechanical operations, and form a broader cross-regional market for mechanical harvesting.
2. Mechanization of corn harvesting is the need of stable development of agriculture. In the flat cropping area of double cropping system in China, the requirements for harvesting corn and planting winter wheat are very tight, and labor shortage often occurs during busy farming. Although the harvest period of corn in other areas is flexible, the labor intensity of harvesting corn manually will also affect farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain. According to the overall goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, it is necessary to transfer rural labor to cities and towns, leave the land and enter the secondary and tertiary industries, which will inevitably aggravate the shortage of rural labor. To solve the above problems, only improve the level of agricultural mechanization.
Second, the production status of corn harvester
1, row-hanging or traction corn harvester. This machine is matched with large and medium-sized wheeled tractors with 36.8 ~ 48kW. Most models adopt roller ear picking mechanism, and some models adopt plate ear picking mechanism. It can complete multi-row corn ear picking, ear gathering and straw crushing at one time, and some machines and tools also have peeling function. The representative model of multi-row traction corn harvester is Harvest -2. Because the model unit is too long, it needs to be removed manually before operation, which is not suitable for small plot operation and has been rarely used in production. Typical models of multi-row corn harvester are: 4YW-Q produced by Tianjin Fukang Company, 4YW-2 produced by Shandong Yufeng and Guofeng Machinery Factory, 4YW-3 produced by Beijing Lejin Company, etc.
2. Double-ear corn harvester with stalks. This machine can harvest green straw in time, and achieve the goal of harvesting both ears and stems of corn. It is still in the trial production stage. Representative models are: 4YZ-4 developed by Hebei Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, 4YW-Q developed by Tianjin Agricultural Machinery Extension Station and Tianjin Fukang Company.
3. Multi-row self-propelled corn harvester. This type of machinery mostly adopts plate-type ear picking mechanism, which has the advantages of small seed loss, good peeling effect, reasonable power matching, flexibility and so on, and its adaptability and reliability are stronger than other models. The machine can complete multiple rows of corn ear picking, peeling, ear gathering and straw crushing at one time.
Single-row corn harvester will be gradually eliminated because of its few harvest lines, low production efficiency and easy compaction of cultivated land when the machine travels back and forth in the field. Multi-row corn harvester is gradually accepted by farmers because of its moderate price, simple structure, convenient use and high efficiency. In particular, the multi-row misaligned corn harvester has more development prospects and will become the development direction of corn harvester in the near future; Although the multi-row self-propelled corn harvester has good harvest effect, its high price will restrict its popularization and application. Therefore, production enterprises must reduce the cost as soon as possible, so that the price will be below 80 thousand yuan, which is accepted by the market, but it is certain that the high-performance multi-row self-propelled corn harvester will become the main model to realize the mechanization of corn harvesting in China.
Third, the corn harvesting machinery market countermeasures
1, focusing on strong adaptability, high reliability and low price, increasing policy support and stimulating the market. According to the actual situation of rural areas and farmers in China, when developing corn harvesting machinery, we should pay attention to introducing and absorbing foreign advanced technology and developing machines suitable for China's national conditions. Relevant state departments should increase investment in new agricultural machinery products, encourage technological innovation, support agricultural machinery scientific research departments, production enterprises and agricultural machinery extension departments to jointly tackle key problems in terms of policies and resources, and develop, produce and popularize corn harvesting machinery with advanced performance and strong reliability. At the same time, increase the market of corn harvesting machinery, increase the amount of machinery subsidies and encourage farmers to buy corn harvesting machinery.
2. Conduct technical training, strengthen after-sales service of machines and tools, and cultivate the market. The sale of corn harvesting machinery is essentially a process of technology transfer, that is, technology transfer from "owner" to "demander". In this process, technical risks will be transferred, so it is necessary for production enterprises to provide technical training to purchase farmers to reduce and avoid the damage of technology transfer risks. Active and responsible after-sales service is a remedial measure for technology transfer risk, which can play a dual role in buffering contradictions and promoting the market. 3. Explore a new model of corn harvesting machinery promotion to start the market. The new technology and new products of agricultural machinery are recognized and accepted by farmers, which requires the agricultural machinery extension department to do a good job of market guidance in the early stage. The corn harvesting machinery market has just started. Agricultural machinery extension departments should not only do a good job in machine selection, but also further deepen market development, strengthen cooperation with production enterprises, and find out the road suitable for the development of corn harvesting machinery market. Tianjin Agricultural Machinery Extension Station has carried out beneficial practice and accumulated valuable experience.
(Author: 16432 1 Heilongjiang Bei 'an Administration Bureau Hongbian Farm)