The change of agricultural and rural development environment and the change of rural poverty development trend also make the thinking and direction of rural poverty alleviation and development in China have to be properly adjusted. Therefore, combined with the spirit of the Central Rural Poverty Alleviation Work Conference and the Outline of Rural Poverty Alleviation Planning in China (201KLOC-0/-2020), some suggestions are put forward to promote rural poverty alleviation and development in China.
(1) Improve the poverty monitoring and targeting mechanism, and establish a simple, rapid and multi-index poverty population identification method.
For a long time, poverty has been regarded as the concept of economic income, which is measured according to the minimum income or consumption level that a person needs to make a living. With the sharp decrease of absolute poverty population, people pay more and more attention to the subjective feelings of poverty by objective indicators such as drinking water, roads, health and education. The Central Poverty Alleviation Work Conference and the Outline of China Rural Poverty Alleviation Plan (20 1 1-2020) both pointed out that by 2020, the poor people will basically have no food and clothing, which can guarantee them to receive compulsory education. Therefore, in order to better identify the poor population, a multi-dimensional poverty index system should be established, including indicators of public services and development capacity such as income, education, health, housing, assets and environment, so as to truly grasp the causes of poverty among poor households in different regions, so as to make poverty alleviation and development more targeted.
(2) Improve the rural minimum living security system to ensure the basic livelihood of the poor.
On the basis of the existing minimum living guarantee in rural areas, we will further improve the supporting systems such as rural medical assistance, reconstruction assistance for dilapidated houses, schooling assistance for needy families, and emergency assistance, so as to reduce the incidence of poverty-stricken people returning to poverty due to illness, poverty due to schooling, and poverty due to disasters, and ensure the basic livelihood of rural poor people from the system. Establish a floating mechanism to adapt the minimum living standard to the overall level of economic growth and inflation, so as to offset the impact of economic fluctuations on the poor. At the same time, establish and improve the rural social assistance system, give play to the enthusiasm of social organizations in social assistance, guide the public to participate in social assistance and social charity, and encourage enterprises, institutions, social organizations and non-governmental organizations to carry out assistance activities through various channels and forms.
(3) Implement targeted poverty alleviation and development policies for concentrated contiguous destitute areas.
The Central Poverty Alleviation and Development Work Conference and the Outline of Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development in China (20 1 1-2020) clearly put forward that poverty alleviation and development in contiguous areas with special difficulties should be the focus of poverty alleviation work in the new period, and 14 contiguous areas with special difficulties should be the main battlefield for poverty alleviation and development in China in the new stage, so as to basically eliminate absolute poverty. In 14 concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas, the causes and types of poverty in each area are very different, including nature, society, nationality, religion, history, politics and existing system. Therefore, scientific and reasonable planning should be carried out according to the different characteristics of each contiguous destitute area and the level of economic and social development, and poverty alleviation and development policies should be formulated in a targeted manner and gradually popularized, so that all poverty alleviation policies should strive to "adapt to local conditions" and improve the investment and use efficiency of poverty alleviation resources.
(4) Combined with industrial poverty alleviation, increase investment in farmers' education and training, and strengthen the capacity building of low-income population.
Capacity-building is to enhance the hematopoietic function of poor people, and strengthening farmers' education and training is an effective way to improve their self-development ability, and it is also an important guarantee to mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of poor people to participate in poverty alleviation and achieve stable poverty alleviation. The Central Poverty Alleviation and Development Work Conference pointed out that in order to achieve the great goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020, China should not only solve the problem of poverty alleviation for poor people, but also ensure that these people can get rich steadily and not return to poverty, which requires strengthening the capacity building of poor areas and poor people. Therefore, combining the resource development and industrial poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas, we should strengthen the labor skills training of rural poor people, enhance their self-development ability, and promote the transfer of poor people to modern agriculture and secondary and tertiary industries through labor export and independent entrepreneurship.
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