cuticle
Epidermis is the outermost layer of skin, which can be regenerated continuously and divided into five layers. The skin cells in the top layer are dead cells, and the living cells in the bottom layer are living cells. Living cells keep pushing towards the surface, then die and fall off.
Cuticle: protective, waterproof and antibacterial.
Transparent layer: control skin moisture and prevent water loss.
Granular layer: prevent foreign bodies from invading and filter ultraviolet rays.
Spiny layer: has the ability of cell division and proliferation.
Basal layer: the process of producing new cells and gradually pushing them upward until they form keratin, that is, the metabolism of skin. Growth cells containing melanin, the amount and aggregation state of melanin determine the color of skin.
2. What knowledge about cosmetics should cosmetics salespeople master?
First of all, the basic qualities refer to the basic sentiments of salespeople, such as smiling at people, being polite, being patient and so on.
These are all easy to understand. Secondly, salespeople should have good professional quality.
First, salespeople must master the relevant knowledge of their products, including its price, capacity, specifications, functions, manufacturers, what certification standards it meets, what to pay attention to when using, and so on. In addition, the relevant knowledge of similar competitive products also needs to be understood.
Generally speaking, consumers will shop around and hope to choose the most suitable product. Therefore, if the sales staff can list the advantages and disadvantages of the competitive goods that consumers want to know in detail in their own counters or stores, coupled with the in-depth analysis of the competitive goods by the sales staff, sometimes customers will decide to buy the goods in their own stores on the spot instead of competing goods.
Second, salespeople should master the knowledge of sales skills. Geshima's sales training not only teaches salespeople how to contact customers, how to show and explain products to customers, how to deal with customer objections and how to facilitate the signing of bills, but more importantly, it requires salespeople to learn to analyze the purchasing psychology and characteristics of customers with different personalities, because only by mastering customer psychology can they calmly deal with all kinds of customers.
Third, sales staff also need to fully grasp the knowledge of the store, including the placement of goods in the store, the layout of the store, whether it is possible to swipe the card, whether there is an invoice and so on. If it is a counter in a shopping mall, you need to know where the cashier is and so on.
Everything is for better sales.
3. Basic knowledge of cosmetics
Definition of cosmetics: "refers to chemical products that are applied to any part of the human body surface (skin, hair, nails, lips) by rubbing, spraying or other similar methods to achieve cleaning, odor removal, skin care, beauty and modification."
First, the main function of cosmetics (1) Cleaning function: remove dirt from face, skin and hair. Such as facial cleanser, cream, shower gel, shampoo, etc. (2) Skin care function: protect the face, make the skin soft and smooth, and keep out the cold and sun.
Such as moisturizing cream, balsam, anti-crack cream, glycerin, etc. (3) Nutritional function: Nourish the face and skin, thus maintaining the moisture content of the cuticle of the skin and delaying skin aging.
This kind of cosmetics generally contains amino acids, vitamins, trace elements, bioactive substances and other additives. Such as collagen, hyaluronic acid, etc.
(4) Beauty function: beautify the face, skin, hair or send out fragrance. Such as foundation, rouge, lipstick, eye shadow, nail polish, perfume, mousse, hair gel, hair dye, perm agent, etc.
(5) Special efficacy: products between medicines and cosmetics have special efficacy and are called special-purpose cosmetics. Such as freckle cream, deodorant, depilatory cream, bodybuilding and slimming cream, etc.
Second, the classification of cosmetics There are many different ways to classify cosmetics. According to the legal definition of cosmetics, cosmetics are generally divided into five categories in health supervision: hair, skin, beauty and decoration, perfume and special use. Third, the characteristics of cosmetics The characteristics of cosmetics refer to functionality, safety and stability, which are the most concerned issues for consumers.
These three characteristics of cosmetics are the most essential attributes of their quality. 1. Functionality Any cosmetic has certain functions, so the difference lies in whether the functions are obvious.
2. Safety cosmetics should protect skin and hair. If you are contaminated or use unqualified raw materials, you will not only fail to protect your skin and hair, but also damage your skin and hair. Therefore, the safety of cosmetics should be evaluated.
3. Stability determines the shelf life of cosmetics. The stability of cosmetics means that the color, fragrance and shape of cosmetics will not change after cold and heat resistance tests or long-term storage.
The main factor affecting stability is microbial contamination. The secondary pollution of cosmetics is mainly the pollution during the use of consumers. The fundamental prevention method is to understand that cosmetics are places where bacteria are easy to breed. Be sure to wash your hands before use and cover them to avoid cross-contamination.
Users of cosmetics should choose cosmetics with appropriate packaging capacity according to customers' consumption, and should not use them for too long, and pay attention to cleanliness during use. Secondly, the manufacturer chooses to add an appropriate amount of preservatives to avoid mildew and deterioration during the service life.
Fourth, the damage of cosmetics to the skin refers to all kinds of skin damage caused by the use of cosmetics, and abnormal changes such as erythema, swelling, blisters, desquamation and pigmentation may occur on the skin. Common skin injuries caused by cosmetics are as follows: 1. Cosmetic contact dermatitis II. Cosmetic photosensitive dermatitis III. Beauty acne 4. Abnormal skin pigment in cosmetics 5. Cosmetic nail injury 5. Hygiene and safety of cosmetics The following principles should be noted when using cosmetics: 1. Be sure to go to a regular shopping mall when buying. Cosmetics must be high-quality and qualified products produced by regular enterprises, including special purpose category and category 2. Understand the performance of the product, fully read the instructions before use, use it correctly, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and avoid randomness and blindness when using it; 3. Pay attention to the quality changes of cosmetics: discoloration, swelling, turbidity, foaming, delamination or mildew, rancid smell, peculiar smell, etc. Are all deteriorated products and must be stopped immediately; Wash your hands before using cosmetics, or scrub with special tools. The swab tool should be washed with it and cleaned properly; 5. Cosmetics should be covered tightly after use to avoid sun exposure and high temperature, and stored in a cool place; 6. Don't use expired products.
6. Strictly distinguish between special-purpose cosmetics and medicines. Special-purpose cosmetics contain some special ingredients, which have certain functions and uses, so they are different from ordinary cosmetics. If it is not strictly examined and passed the safety experiment, it may cause certain damage to consumers. However, considering the national conditions of China, such products have been sold in the cosmetics market and have great consumption prospects. In order to facilitate the development of such products, such products should be included in the management of cosmetics, not drugs.
Compared with foreign countries, management has been much looser. According to Japanese regulations, the above products are foreign products of the Ministry of Medicine.
The United States stipulates that products that affect a certain physiology and structure of the human body, such as sunscreen, wrinkle prevention and hair growth, should be included in drug management. It is required to evaluate the safety of drugs and put them on the market after strict examination and approval.
However, special-purpose cosmetics are not a panacea for all diseases. Although it has a certain effect, it has a moderate effect, and it is a cosmetic with the purpose of beauty, skin care and elimination of bad smell of human body. Drugs are products used to treat and prevent diseases under the guidance of doctors.
There is a strict difference between the two and should not be confused. Some cosmetics manufacturers falsely publicize the "curative effect" of their products for the purpose of sales, which leads to the wrong understanding that special-purpose cosmetics can cure diseases in consumers' minds.
Some consumers blindly pursue the "curative effect" of special-purpose cosmetics, instead of using them according to methods and precautions, they increase the amount and area of use. In the end, they not only failed to achieve the "curative effect" in their hearts, but also caused skin damage and deepened disappointment and pain. Therefore, we must strictly distinguish between special-purpose cosmetics and medicines. Even cosmetics for special purposes cannot publicize curative effects, indicate indications and use medical terms.
Seven. General requirements for cosmetic labels 1. Contents of legal identification of domestic cosmetics: the label of cosmetics should indicate the product name and factory name, and indicate the hygiene license number of the manufacturing enterprise. For the products produced by the inter-provincial joint venture, the label shall indicate the hygiene license number of the cosmetics production enterprise where the production enterprise is located. Small packages or instructions should indicate the date of production and the effective period of use.
Cosmetics for special purposes shall also be marked with the approval number. For cosmetics that may cause adverse reactions, the instructions should indicate the usage and precautions.
2. Contents of the legal label of imported cosmetics: product name; Name of country of origin and name of region (.
4. What knowledge do cosmetics salesmen need?
Cosmetics industry has attractive prospects, but it is also a highly competitive industry. More and more people choose to sell cosmetics in order to bring beauty to consumers and gain wealth at the same time.
But how can we stand out in the face of such fierce competition? First of all, we must have the basic professional quality of cosmetics sales personnel in order to succeed. First of all, the basic qualities refer to the basic sentiments of salespeople, such as smiling at people, being polite, being patient and so on.
These are easy to understand, so I won't explain them in detail. Secondly, salespeople should have good professional quality.
First, salespeople must master the relevant knowledge of their products, including its price, capacity, specifications, functions, manufacturers, what certification standards it meets, what to pay attention to when using, and so on. In addition, the relevant knowledge of similar competitive products also needs to be understood.
Generally speaking, consumers will shop around and hope to choose the most suitable product. Therefore, if the sales staff can list the advantages and disadvantages of the competitive goods that consumers want to know in detail in their own counters or stores, coupled with the in-depth analysis of the competitive goods by the sales staff, sometimes customers will decide to buy the goods in their own stores on the spot instead of competing goods.
Second, salespeople should master the knowledge of sales skills. Geshima's sales training not only teaches salespeople how to contact customers, how to show and explain products to customers, how to deal with customer objections and how to facilitate the signing of bills, but more importantly, it requires salespeople to learn to analyze the purchasing psychology and characteristics of customers with different personalities, because only by mastering customer psychology can they calmly deal with all kinds of customers.
Third, sales staff also need to fully grasp the knowledge of the store, including the placement of goods in the store, the layout of the store, whether it is possible to swipe the card, whether there is an invoice and so on. If it is a counter in a shopping mall, you need to know where the cashier is and so on.
Everything is for better sales.
5. Cosmetic safety production management system
Hygienic Code for Cosmetic Production Enterprises (2007 Edition) Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 In order to strengthen the hygienic management of cosmetic production enterprises and ensure the hygienic quality of cosmetics and the safety of consumers, this Code is formulated in accordance with the Regulations on Hygienic Supervision of Cosmetics and its implementing rules.
Article 2 This Code stipulates the site selection, facilities and equipment, raw materials and packaging materials, production process, storage and custody of finished products, hygiene management and hygiene requirements of personnel of cosmetics production enterprises. Article 3 Enterprises engaged in cosmetics production within the territory of People's Republic of China (PRC) shall abide by this Code.
Article 4 People's health administrative departments at all levels shall supervise the implementation of this Code. Chapter II Hygienic Requirements for Site Selection, Facilities and Equipment Article 5 Cosmetic production enterprises shall be built in clean areas, and there shall be no pollution sources that may affect product safety within 30 meters around them; The health protection distance between the production workshop and the residential area that may produce toxic and harmful factors in the production process should not be less than 30 meters.
Article 6 The design and construction of production workshops and facilities shall protect products to the maximum extent; Convenient for effective cleaning and maintenance; Ensure that the transfer of products, raw materials and packaging materials will not be confused. Article 7 Factory planning shall conform to hygiene requirements, and set up production areas and non-production areas to ensure the continuity of production and avoid cross-contamination.
Article 8 The building structure of the production workshop should be reinforced concrete or steel frame structure, so as to have appropriate flexibility; It is not advisable to choose a building structure that is prone to water leakage, water accumulation and mildew. Article 9 A production enterprise shall have a place to use production, storage, inspection and auxiliary facilities suitable for its production technology and production capacity.
According to the characteristics and requirements of products and their production processes, one or more production lines shall be set up. The total area of production, filling and packaging rooms of each production line shall not be less than 100 square meter, and the total area of warehouses shall be suitable for the production capacity and scale of enterprises. In the production workshop with simple packaging, the total area of filling room and packaging room shall not be less than 80 square meters.
Article 10 The layout of production workshops shall meet the requirements of production technology and hygiene to prevent cross-contamination. Functional rooms (areas) such as dressing room, buffer zone, raw material pre-feeding room, weighing room, production room, semi-finished product storage room, filling room, packaging room, container cleaning and disinfection room, drying room, storage room, raw material warehouse, finished product warehouse, packaging material warehouse, inspection room and sample storage room shall be set up according to actual production needs, with an area of not less than 10 square meter.
The production process should be connected from top to bottom, and the flow of people and materials should be separated to avoid crossing. The flow routes of raw materials and packaging materials, products and people should be clearly defined.
Article 11 Where dust is generated in the production process or inflammable and explosive dangerous goods are used, separate production workshops and special production equipment shall be used, corresponding health and safety measures shall be implemented, and the provisions of relevant national laws and regulations shall be complied with. The workshop that produces dust should have dust removal and dust recovery facilities.
The workshop producing cosmetics containing volatile organic solvents (such as perfume and nail polish) should be equipped with corresponding explosion-proof facilities. Twelfth auxiliary buildings and facilities such as power, heating, air purification and air conditioning room, water supply and drainage system and waste water, waste gas and waste residue treatment system should not affect the hygiene of production workshops.
Article 13 The floors, walls, ceilings, doors and windows of the production workshop shall be designed and constructed to facilitate cleaning. (a) the ground should be flat, wear-resistant, non-slip, impervious, easy to clean and disinfect.
The ground in the operation area that needs to be cleaned should have a slope, and the floor drain should be set at the lowest place. Clean floor drains should be used in clean workshops to prevent the entry or pollution of vector insects and waste gas from sewage pipes. The drainage ditch of the production workshop should be covered, and the drainage pipe should prevent wastewater from flowing backwards.
(2) The walls and ceiling surfaces of the production workshop shall meet the requirements of smoothness, no dust and easy dust removal. The lining should be made of light-colored, non-toxic, corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant, moisture-proof, mildew-proof and non-peeling materials, which is convenient for cleaning and disinfection.
The waterproof layer of the workshop should be fully lined from the ground to the ceiling, and the waterproof layer of other production workshops should not be less than1.5m. Article 14 The logistics channel of the production workshop should be spacious and designed without obstacles.
Fifteenth production workshops with visiting corridors should be separated from production areas with glass walls to prevent pollution. Article 16 Roof beams and pipes should be avoided as far as possible.
Exposed pipes shall not touch the wall, and shall be hung or supported by brackets, leaving enough clean space around. Article 17 There should be a cargo rack or pad in the warehouse, and the stock goods should be stacked above the ground, away from the wall 10 cm and 50 cm from the top, and there should be a passage.
The warehouse floor should be flat, with ventilation, dustproof, moisture-proof, rat-proof, insect-proof and other facilities, and cleaned regularly to maintain hygiene. Eighteenth production workshop dressing room should be equipped with wardrobe, shoe rack and other facilities, shoe cabinets should be modular design.
Wardrobe and shoe cabinet are made of solid materials, non-toxic, mildew-proof, easy to clean and disinfect. The dressing room should be equipped with non-hand tap water washing and disinfection facilities.
Production enterprises should set up secondary dressing rooms as needed. Article 19 The air in the production room, semi-finished product storage room, filling room, clean container storage room, dressing room and its buffer area shall be purified or disinfected according to the needs of production technology, and good ventilation and appropriate temperature and humidity shall be maintained.
The semi-finished product storage room, filling room and clean container storage room for the production of eye skin care cosmetics and infant skin care cosmetics should meet the cleanliness requirement of 300,000; The semi-finished product storage room, filling room and clean container storage room of other skin care cosmetics should meet the cleanliness requirement of 300,000. The cleanliness index of purification workshop shall conform to the provisions of relevant national standards and norms.
Other workshops with disinfection treatment should have mechanical ventilation or natural ventilation and be equipped with necessary disinfection facilities. Safe and effective methods should be adopted for air and surface disinfection. If ultraviolet disinfection is used, the irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet lamp in use should not be less than 70 MW/cm2, and should be set to 30 W/10 m2.
Article 20 The mixed illumination on the working surface of the production workshop shall not be less than 200 lux, and the mixed illumination on the working surface of the inspection site shall not be less than 500 lux. Twenty-first toilets shall not be located in the production workshop, but should be flush toilets; There should be a buffer zone between the toilet and the workshop, and there should be facilities such as deodorization, mosquito prevention, ventilation and exhaust.
Twenty-second production enterprises should have the characteristics of products, technology and output to ensure the hygiene and quality of products.
6. Common sense of cosmetics, please help people who know more.
19 years old, just do some basic maintenance, don't need those things that are too effective.
Basic maintenance requirements: facial cleanser, toner, lotion, sunscreen mask, and 19 should also start using eye cream. Dry skin: facial cleanser is suitable for emulsion or gel, with no foam or little foam, and should be gentle, such as Amber's Quick Cleansing Facial Cleanser, Dabao, sana Okinawa Seaweed Facial Cleanser and Staff Facial Cleanser. Toner should moisturize a little; Cream should be chosen for emulsion, but it should be refreshing in summer. If it is not very dry, you can also moisturize it with a good emulsion, and moisturize it in winter.
Mixed skin: Choose facial cleanser with good moisturizing and oil control, such as Zhen Zhen Ginkgo foam (the most suitable in summer), and sana soybean milk is also very good, but it is more suitable for winter, but it is best to use foam-free (clean and not tight when white) in the morning and evening, but use it once every few days in winter to thoroughly clean the skin; Toner is refreshing in summer, such as Guangyuan cold dish melon water, Giant No.1 Luffa water and Zhaogui Aloe freshly squeezed juice. Better hydration is needed in winter, and Nivea powder water is a good choice. Lotion, refreshing lotion in summer, such as Alpine in noodle shop (suitable for all seasons), Zhaogui Aloe Gel, moisturizing lotion or refreshing condensate (cream) in winter. Oily skin: facial cleanser with good oil control, such as Mentholatum, Zhen Zhen Ginkgo Foam, Canil True Color and White; Use refreshing toner, such as melon seed water and loofah water; The emulsion should also be refreshing, and the Alps in the noodle shop is also suitable.
Sunscreen is generally divided into cream (suitable for dry skin, such as Neutrogena spf45), lotion (suitable for any skin, such as Mentholatum) and spray (suitable for any skin, Nivea has one). Eye cream: 19 years old, using refreshing gel eye cream, recommending British aa net aloe seaweed eye cream and Fangcaoji green tea millet eye cream.
Mask, you can use a refreshing bubble paper mask, or you can choose a mask with better hydration. But no matter what you use, you must first know what kind of skin she is, whether she is allergic or not, and so on.
Skin care products don't need expensive brands at her age. Choose his. Some brands suitable for 19 years old: the face shop, skin food, sana, Guangyuan Liang, Juju. ...
7. Cosmetic safety knowledge. Can different series of products be mixed?
Yes, you can.
Different brands of water can be mixed with lotions and creams. But there is a principle, you should fully consider whether mixing and matching will lead to repeated skin care steps.
Because most European brands complete the cleaning steps through facial cleanser and emulsion, their water has the ability of secondary cleaning, while most Japanese brands are cleansing oil+facial cleanser, and the emulsion is only responsible for hydrating and moisturizing. If you used cleansing oil+facial cleanser at first, this facial cleanser already has the function of deep cleaning, but later you changed to another lotion with the function of cleaning the cortex, which is equivalent to three times the effort.
If different series of the same brand have three steps, such as cleansing oil-facial cleanser-emulsion (secondary cleaning), it must have been strictly tested and can be used with confidence. Extended data:
Precautions for the use of skin care products: 1. Don't use products with similar effects together. People habitually think that products with similar efficacy can be used together, which will double the efficacy. This idea is wrong.
Skin experts say it is best not to use skin care products with the same effect at the same time. Because of the similarity of product components or efficacy, the efficacy of products will sometimes be weakened and offset each other after collocation and combination.
The reason is actually very simple. No matter how brands promote their products, the ingredients or working principles of products with similar functions are very similar. In addition, the absorption capacity of the skin itself is limited, too much nutrition can not be absorbed by the skin, and even rejection will occur.
2. Pay attention to the use order of skin care products when mixing. Except for cleaning, they are basically used in the order of emulsion, essence, gel, emulsion, cream and oil products. The reason for this is that ointment products tend to have larger molecules and higher moisture retention, and will form a film on the skin surface after application.
If you apply this kind of product first, it will be difficult for the water-like and essence-like products with smaller molecules to be absorbed by the skin again, let alone play a role. 3. Don't use cosmetics that have expired. Many ingredients in cosmetics will decompose and change after a long time, which is easy to cause skin damage.
4. Don't use too much cosmetics, because the skin has its own metabolic law. Too thick powder will block pores and affect the normal "breathing" of the skin. 5, pat everyone said to use the product by pat, it is recommended to press and absorb.
I really can't help but want to shoot, and don't push too hard. You'll regret it if you shoot too much.
6. Not all creams and the like are suitable for point application. Not all creams/moisturizing products are suitable for point application! Suitable for cream with non-flowing texture such as cream, cream and paste. Products with fluid texture are too malleable, and when they are separated, they flow down the face; Moreover, after the palm is completely opened, the application surface will be large when it is applied again, which is more conducive to the uniform coverage and absorption of these flowable creams, which is convenient.