Du, a native of Dujiawan, Lujia County, Shaanxi Province, 1904, 165438, was born on June 28th. Ancestors were local feudal landlords. His father Du Liangkui was a juren in the late Qing Dynasty. When he was a teacher in Xi 'an Chang 'an University Hall, he participated in the League and returned to Mizhi several times, encouraging the county militia to drive out the Qing government officials and taking part in the struggle against Yuan Shikai's claim to the throne. My biological mother is Gao Lanting, and her family is poor. Du has four sisters, a younger sister and a younger brother named Yu De.
Du Yu Ming likes playing with guns since he was a child. He often dives into the wild to hunt pheasants and occasionally catches them. When I was twelve years old, I studied in Li Dingming Chengjiagu Primary School (as Comrade Mao Zedong mentioned in the article "Serving the People"). Li is Du's cousin. Du got the guidance of this strict teacher in his study.
Soon, grandparents died one after another, and Du, the uncle in charge, also died. Du Liangkui has been teaching outside and never asks about housework, so Du has to take on the responsibility of being a housekeeper. Although Du is a young person in charge, because of his cleverness, he soon mastered a set of skills to manage housework and keep family business.
When Du was sixteen, his father returned to his hometown from Yulin. He was greatly disappointed to see that his studies were basically abandoned because of housework. He decided to leave the housework to his nephew Du Yucheng, who followed his father to Yulin Middle School to continue his studies. The headmaster of Yulin Middle School (a famous patriotic Democrat) is Du's cousin. Du loved sports when he was studying, and soon learned the essentials of rifle shooting and aiming. He set such an ambition: either learn English well, go abroad to see the world powers and learn their ways to make Qiang Bing rich; Either join the army, you can train an excellent soldier to defend your country. After failing English in the graduation exam, he decided to be a patriotic soldier.
1923, Du graduated from Yulin Middle School. In August of the same year, he married Cao Xiuqing, who was two years older than him. Cao is also a native of Mizhi County, and his father is a leading figure in the county's industrial and commercial circles. She studied poetry and painting in middle school at home and went to Yulin Women's Normal School after marriage. She once participated in the * * * production party in China, and later the "party-cleaning" was eliminated.
Just as Du was eager to find a way out after graduating from Yulin Middle School, he saw an advertisement for admission to Huangpu Military Academy in New Youth magazine. At the same time, he also saw an advertisement in the newspaper asking Wu to run Luoyang Military Academy. Due to the influence of revolutionary thoughts and Du Bincheng, after careful consideration, he resolutely chose to enter the Whampoa Military Academy.
1924 In March, Du, his cousin Tu Yuxin, Shaanxi youth Yan Maoyao, Guan, and other eleven people went to Guangzhou by English ship via Tianjin. Due to Yu Youren's recommendation to Chiang Kai-shek, a veteran of the Kuomintang and commander-in-chief of Shanxi Province, Du and others were all accepted and became the first batch of students of Huangpu Military Academy. Yu Youren gave him a pair of couplets: the peace of the world is the most important, and the hearts of saints are the most lenient. Du Bian is in the ninth team of the third team, with Jin Fozhuang as the captain and Chen Geng,,, Guan and others as his classmates.
Soon after the start of school, the school began to register party member. At the same time, Du received two registration forms from party member and a certificate from party member. He accepted the Kuomintang party member Registration Form and became the official Kuomintang party member.
After half a year's training, Du was assigned to be a trainee sergeant and a quartermaster sergeant in the first training regiment. He carefully arranged the soldiers' food expenses of six yuan per month, took the cooking soldiers to the streets to buy food, and then cooked in the kitchen. The company's food was very good and was praised by the company commander and soldiers. Soon, he was promoted to second platoon leader. When he became a platoon leader, he demanded a lot of soldiers, was unpopular and was in a difficult situation.
1in the spring of 925, Du Sui's first regiment participated in the first Crusade. Chen Geng, then the propaganda captain of the regiment, saw that Du Zailian couldn't stay any longer, so he was transferred to the propaganda team as a member to check the army's military discipline. He found that any officer or soldier who broke the bowls of ordinary people or damaged crops should be compensated by the relevant personnel at the price, without any excuse, and sometimes he had to pay for it himself. When attacking Danshui City, Chiang Kai-shek chose the death squad as the pioneer of climbing the city. He signed up voluntarily, but he was not selected.
After the Crusaders conquered fresh water, Du got scabies and asked for leave to go back to Guangzhou for treatment. After the scabies were cured, Du and others returned to Huangpu Military Academy to meet with Liao, the party representative. Liao couldn't help but be overjoyed and said, "You came at the right time. Hu Jingyi (Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the National Army and Commander of the Second Army, Henan Military Affairs Supervisor) wants to run a military school. He has repeatedly telegraphed Guangzhou to send someone to help, and now he has sent you to Henan to help Hu organize the school. " Before he left, Liao gave Du a letter and asked him to give it to Sun Yat-sen when he passed by Beijing.
In early March of the same year, Du and his party arrived in Beijing and were received by Wang Jingwei. They met Sun Yat-sen, who was in a coma. Du handed Liao the hand; Sun Yat-sen wrote a personal letter to Ma Xiang, and then wrote a letter to Mr. Liao to report Sun Yat-sen's illness. Then, they went to Kaifeng and, under the direct leadership of Hu Jingyi, assisted Soviet advisers in organizing military schools. Only one month later, Hu died of illness, and the new commander Yue (the former commander of the Second Division) was at odds with Soviet consultants and Huangpu students. Du and others had no place in Henan and were forced to return to northern Shaanxi.
Soon, the battalion commander of the supplementary battalion of the Second National Army Zi Tuan and the big landlords hired Du as the deputy battalion commander and the first company commander with heavy money to expand their influence on Japan. Not long after, the supplementary battalion was disarmed and disbanded by the Jin army in Yuci, and Du was taken to Taiyuan prison. Taiyuan DuDu Shuangda, a member of the Old League. He had a good impression on Huangpu students, let Du go and gave a farewell dinner. After that, Du solemnly wrote to Guangzhou Revolutionary Base Camp and Huangpu Military Academy, reporting his own situation and demanding action. The Organization Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee immediately replied with instructions: I hope Du will stay in the north and strive for opportunities to contact Maxiang to participate in the guarding work of Sun Yat-sen's coffin parked in Biyun Temple in Beijing. At this point, Gao Guizi was ordered to lead his troops into Beijing as a garrison in both capital city, and the reorganized Wu Baoshan Supplementary Camp also went north with the regiment. After arriving in Beijing, Gao Guizi changed the supplementary camp into a spy camp and sent the camp to the Jingyi Garden of Biyun Temple in Xishan to guard Sun Yat-sen's coffin. Du is still the deputy battalion commander and company commander.
1in July, 926, the revolutionary government of Guangzhou promised the Northern Expedition. Du learned the news and decided to return to the team and go south. He went through all kinds of hardships to come to Nanjing, but unfortunately he was captured by the inspection team in Sun and put into Tiger Bridge Prison. One night, he escaped from prison with several prisoners and arrived in Wuhan by boat.
After Du fled to Wuhan, he went to see Deng (then director of the Political Department of the Kuomintang General Command, director of Wuhan Hangying, and director of the Hubei Provincial Government Affairs Committee). After learning something about the north, Deng asked him, "Where are you going now?" He said, "I'm going to Nanchang to find the headmaster." Deng only told him to go to Wuchang Nanhu Academy Corps to find Zhang Zhizhong, captain of the Academy Corps of Whampoa Military Academy Wuhan Branch.
At that time, the "Blood Flower Drama Club" incident was taking place in Wuhan. When Zhang Zhizhong met Du, he asked Du what he thought of the incident. He said: "I am opposed to the anti-Chiang slogan put forward by some people in the Blood Flower Drama Club. I think opposing the headmaster is counter-revolutionary. There must be some mischief in this. However, our Kuomintang's handling is also improper. This trivial matter does not need to turn into a tragedy, which makes public opinion stunned and is not conducive to the revolution. " Zhang nodded in agreement and reminded him that the ideological situation outside is very complicated now, so he must have his own firm beliefs. Zhang also advised him not to go to Chiang Kai-shek before the Nanchang campaign was decided, but to stay and work in Wuhan. Therefore, Du dismissed the idea of going to Nanchang, and became the company commander of the 3rd Company of the 1st Battalion in Zhang Zhizhong Student Corps.
After the complete division of Han Ning, the anti-Chiang movement in Wuhan reached its climax. One day, Wuhan Branch of Central Military Academy held a meeting in Wuchang cavalry training ground to shoot Hong. Hong is Zhang Zhizhong's brother-in-law and works in the Student Corps. Hong's envoy reported: "Zhang Zhizhong, Hong and others tried to bring the student group to Nanjing." So, the Wuhan authorities arrested Hong. At the meeting, when everyone shouted "Down with Chiang Kai-shek. When the slogan "Shoot Hong" sounded, Du neither raised his hand nor shouted. That evening, Sanlian held a meeting on * * * production of party member and general party member, and interrogated Du. Du never answered a word. Finally, in the name of ordinary general party membership meeting, the whole company decided to hold Du Xianxian in solitary confinement, waiting for a thorough investigation by the superior. One day, he heard a guard chatting and said, "These reactionaries are going to be shot soon." That night, Du risked his life to escape, disguised as a businessman, and took a boat to Nanjing.
After Du arrived in Nanjing, he found Zhang Zhizhong. At this time, Zhang is the chairman of the proofreading Committee of the headquarters training department. Zhang also took Du to see Chiang Kai-shek. Jiang is very happy. He gave Du some money to register at the registration office of Huangpu Alumni Association. Du was appointed as a lieutenant colonel member of the school audit committee.
In August of the same year, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to retire, Zhang Zhizhong went abroad for inspection, and Du also lost his job. He had to live on the monthly allowance of Nanjing Huangpu Alumni Association 12 yuan.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/928, Zhang Zhizhong returned to China for inspection and served as the director of the training department of the Central Army Military Academy, making Du the captain of the second squadron of the Hangzhou Reserve Brigade of the school; At the beginning of the second year, Du returned to Nanjing Military Academy as the captain of the fourth team in the seventh period; In the winter of the same year, he served as the chief of staff of the second brigade of the first division. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/930, Chiang Kai-shek established and taught the Second Division, taking Zhang Zhizhong as the teacher, and Du served as the battalion commander of the fifth regiment of the second brigade of the Division, and was soon promoted to the head of the sixth regiment of the Division.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/930, the Second Division was renamed the Fourth Division of the Army, and Du Ren was the head of the 24th Regiment of the 12th Brigade. He thinks the position of head of the regiment is very important. If you do well, you can climb up, otherwise you will be devastated, so you have been working hard. Teacher Xu is very strict with Han. Seeing that most of the teams are so-so, Du Tuan is the only one who conscientiously carries out his instructions, and all aspects of education and training are well organized and practiced skillfully, so I appreciate Du very much.
1at the beginning of 932, Xu 4th Division was ordered to go to northern Anhui to participate in the "encirclement and suppression" of Dabie Mountain, and was defeated by Kuang Jixun of the Red Army in Huoqiu. At the critical moment, the 24th regiment of Xu Ling made an all-out counterattack, and Du Lingbing broke into Huoqiu, causing heavy losses to the Red Army. Xu made the first meritorious service for him, and reported the news that Du was promoted as the viceroy. In the winter of this year, Xu was promoted to the commander of the 17 th Army, Du was appointed as the brigade commander of the 73 rd Brigade of the 25th Division, and was soon promoted to the deputy commander (Guan) of the Division.
1In February, 933, the Japanese aggressor troops attacked the Jehol in three ways, and the 25th Division was ordered to gather from Xuzhou and Bengbu to Tongxian to stop the enemy. On March 9, after the 25th Division arrived in the town, Du, He Guan and others drove to Gubeikou to contact the commander of the Northeast Army. Wang asked the 25th Division to take over the Great Wall positions of the first 1 and 12 Divisions and take the defensive position on the front line. Guan refused to take over the Great Wall position and insisted on occupying the second line position of Gubeikou Nancheng. The two sides are deadlocked. Dunai suggested to Guan Guan that the Great Wall is higher than Gubeikou in terms of topography, so if it is strategically located, it will take the lead and you can have a bird's eye view of the invading enemy. Guan Guan disagreed. As a result, the 25th Division occupied the highlands on the east and west sides of Cheng Nan in Gubeikou, forming a second line of defense. However, the main force of 1 12 division withdrew from the highland west of Gubeikou, leaving only one regiment to defend the Great Wall.
The next day, the Eighth Division of the First Army of Yi Xi and the Third Brigade of the Cavalry quickly broke through the left-wing position of 1 12 Division, occupied Gubeikou Pass and attacked the position of the 25th Division. The seventy-five brigade of Zhang Yaoming, the command post in Guanli, fought back and was injured in the battle for highland. At this time, Du served as the division commander, commanding the officers and men of the whole division and continuing to fight bloody battles with the Japanese aggressors. On March 12, Du was ordered to give up his position to the Second Division and lead his troops to Miyun for rectification.
This autumn, Du entered the higher education class of Nanjing Central Military Academy for further study. During my study, Ma Zhichao, who graduated from Huangpu Phase I in the same hometown, introduced me to Xia Xingshe.
1936 In the spring, Du graduated from the advanced education class of the Central Military Academy. Du Ben should have returned to the 25th Division, but he didn't want to go back because he didn't get along well with his teacher Guan. Xu Yaoting immediately recommended him to Chiang Kai-shek as the captain of the newly established Nanjing Army Jiao Jiao School Student Team. 1937, the Chariot Battalion of Jiaobian School was co-edited with the armored motorcade of the Second Traffic Corps, and a number of chariots were added to build the first armored state of the Kuomintang Army, with Du Wei as the first head. During the "August 13th" Anti-Japanese War in Shanghai, Du led the 2nd and 4th companies of the 1st Battalion of Armored Forces to cooperate with the infantry at Huishan Wharf in Shanghai to stop the Japanese troops attempting to land.
1938, the armored regiment was evacuated to Xiangtan, Hunan Province for training and consolidation, and soon the regiment was expanded to 200 divisions, with Du as the teacher. Du believes that for an army, having excellent equipment is only one of the conditions, and the most important thing is to have officers and men who can use these equipment. Otherwise, even the best equipment is a pile of scrap iron. Therefore, he concentrated all his energy on large-scale training and was determined to turn the 200 th Division into a powerful force capable of galloping the battlefield and fighting hard with the Japanese in a short time.
Du advocated training officers first, and training officers first. He has attached great importance to this issue since he served as the head of the armored force; When I became a teacher, I was more strict with myself, in order to master the technology. He put on work clothes, studied hard to drive and repair, and often got under the car to repair the chassis; He also brings up newly discovered problems to discuss with you at any time. Such as: how to coordinate the joint operations of chariots and table tennis; Cooperation between bicycles and collective vehicles; Chariot shooting and camouflage; Coordination between chariots and artillery. Du is good at learning, not ashamed to ask questions and explore deeply. Finally, he changed from a layman to an expert, and gradually and systematically mastered the operational command essentials of mechanized troops. Under his leadership, the learning skills of officers and men in the whole division became a common practice, forming a training climax. At that time, a reporter from the Kuomintang army commented: "Although he is not a mechanical specialist, he has learned mechanical knowledge and is very experienced. In my spare time in running the army, I still can't put down my books. In the future, my knowledge and success will be infinite. "
Du said: "We should not only strengthen operational command and combat training, but also pay attention to strengthening spiritual training to enrich the entertainment life of officers and men." He appointed a group of political cadres, often instilled patriotism in officers and men, and asked the company to set up small clubs, run blackboard newspapers, teach military songs, and often organize ball games and track and field competitions. These measures are well received by officers and men.
193865438+February, the 200th division was expanded into a new 1 1 army, and moved from Xiangtan, Hunan to Quanzhou, Guangxi, with Du as the deputy commander (commander Xu). Soon, it was renamed the Fifth Army, and Du was promoted to the rank of commander. This army is the only new mechanized army established by the Kuomintang government in the early days of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Du proposed that "the playground is the battlefield", "sweat more in peacetime and shed less blood in wartime", and asked the new army to have the vigor of "five divisions" (no arrogance, laziness, hypocrisy, lust and evil) and "three habits" (learning essence, honesty and diligence).
At this time, Du shifted the focus of training to the training of infantry divisions. Du believes that the decisive battle on the battlefield and the gains and losses of the offensive and defensive positions depend entirely on the infantry. Mechanical special forces only rely on firepower to overwhelm the enemy. To achieve the goal of both offensive and defensive, it is necessary for infantry divisions to completely annihilate the enemy on the battlefield. Therefore, he attaches great importance to the soldiers' physique and pays attention to training such as shooting, assassination, bombing, night fighting and melee. Every time he went to various regiments, battalions and even companies to watch soldiers' training, he made demonstrations one by one, fighting with the soldiers with rifles and light machine guns, proposing who would get full marks and giving bonuses on the spot; When an educational invention is discovered, comment and praise it on the spot, and order each division to send officers to observe it. Later, the Chongqing Military Commission sent personnel to review, and the military training of the Five Armies ranked first in the country. At this time, Du was only 34 years old.
In order to cut off the international traffic lines in southwest China, from the summer of 1939, the Japanese invaders assembled their troops and prepared to open a battlefield in South China. 165438+1October17th, Japanese invaders landed in Fangcheng and Beihai and occupied Qinzhou. 19, break through Xiaodong defense line and attack Nanning. Du's fifth army was ordered to gather near Nanning from Quanzhou, ready to attack the enemy who landed in Qinzhou and Fangcheng.
165438+1On October 24th, the12nd Brigade of the Fifth Japanese Division (headed by Masao Nakamura), known as the "Iron Army", occupied Nanning, and a month later, it captured Kunlun Pass, a strategic place in southern Guangxi. Facing the aggressive attack of the Japanese invaders, Du calmly analyzed the war situation at that time, estimated the enemy's weakness, and put forward his own suggestion to the Chongqing High Command: "When the enemy alone went deep into backup and failed to help, gather superior forces, cooperate with the local people, and quickly counterattack to break the invading enemy and restore important international traffic."
/kloc-on the morning of February 0/6 16, Du was ordered to lead the fifth army to attack Yongbin Road as a frontal attack (referring to the Battle of Kunlun Pass), with the intention of defeating the enemy near Kunlun Pass and Batang first. At the above meeting of Du Zhao Group, read out the operational deployment: attack from the front with the honorary first division of Zheng Dongguo; Dai Anlan's 200th Division is the general reserve team; Qiu Qingquan's new 22nd division circuitous to the enemy lines north of Nanning; Strike Liutang on the defensive, cut off the traffic link between Nanning and Kunlun Pass, and isolate the enemy of Kunlun Pass. The next day, Bai Chongxi and Chen Cheng visited the Gongwu Army Command in Tanpeng Village. Du was ordered to conquer Kunlun Pass as scheduled and take Nanning directly. Du Lian claimed to be "yes" and was not forced.
At the dawn of 65438+February 18, the counterattack began. Du's first and fifth armies, under the cover of chariots and artillery fire, launched a fierce attack on the enemy troops on the defensive in Kunlun Pass. Zheng Dongguo Division fought hand-to-hand with the Japanese aggressors and occupied fairy mountain first. On that night, the ministries seized Laomaoling, Wanfu Village and 44 1 highland successively, and finally occupied Kunlun Pass. However, on the afternoon of 19, the Japanese army counterattacked under the cover of a large number of planes, and Kunlun Pass was captured again. Since then, the two sides have fought many times, causing heavy casualties among officers and men.
Du in the meantime, concentrate on mastering the fighter. Although the enemy's shells landed near the command post and exploded beside Du, he was unusually calm. Command the battle calmly. He ordered awards at any time, encouraged heroic troops with materials and boosted morale. He carries a telephone and a telescope with him every day, braving the bombardment of enemy artillery and the repeated bombing of enemy planes, regardless of personal safety, and comes to the frontier position convenient for observation to observe the enemy's situation, so as to make a realistic judgment on the terrain around Kunlun Pass and the enemy's forces and firepower, and make a correct operational plan accordingly. After careful study and comparison, and after studying with the teacher, he decided to adopt the "fortress attack method" to gradually narrow the encirclement and eat the enemy bite by bite.
Du ordered Gu Bi, the deputy commander of the 200 th Division, to lead his troops across the Kunlun Pass from the left side of the highway, forming a siege; Qiu Qingquan division ambushed the chariots in the jungle on both sides of the road; Zheng Dongguo Division strengthened the right-wing offensive, re-entered the enemy's deep position in Kunlun, and destroyed the enemy headquarters and artillery positions. The battle lasted 18 days, and ended with 3 1, and China's army won a total victory.
During the Kunlun Pass, the Japanese army suffered unprecedented losses. According to statistics released by Japan after the war, in this battle, the squad leader and officers of the 12 brigade were killed by more than 85%, and more than 4,000 soldiers died. Brigadier Masao Nakamura was shot dead by the third regiment of Zheng Dongguo in Tang Jiu. Masao Nakamura wrote in his diary before his death:
"The Twelfth Brigade of the Fifth Division of the Imperial Army won the title of' Iron Corps' in the Russo-Japanese War because my tenacity defeated the tenacity of the Russians. However, in Kunlun Pass, I should admit that I met an army stronger than Russia ... "
China's army won a great victory in the Battle of Kunlun Pass, and the good news spread frequently, and the whole country rejoiced. Journalists from all over the country came to interview. At that time, the Central Daily News said in an article entitled "Remembering General Du":
"China's mechanized troops began to annihilate the enemy, and since General Du led the army, after the victory in Kunlun Pass, did the enemy begin to realize? Our army has stepped into the ranks of the modern world army. "
After the troops rested, Du set up the "Monument to the Soldiers of the Five Armies who died in the Anti-Japanese War" at Xiongwei's Kunlun Pass, and personally inscribed the monument with more than 400 words. He told reporters: "You saw the victory of the Anti-Japanese War with your own eyes. Please publicize it truthfully. There is no need to exaggerate. However, it is necessary to emphasize that our army is the strength of the people and the people are the elders of our army. Therefore, you must record this victory and bring a sum of money. The victory of our army is actually the victory of the people. "
1941February, Du, as a member of the China-Myanmar-India-Malaysia military investigation team, went to Myanmar, India and Malaysia for military investigation.
The night after the examination? Du made a sober analysis based on the information obtained from the careful investigation in 100 days. Then, he stayed up all night in the 300,000-word Report of the China-Myanmar-India-Malaysia Military Investigation Mission and wrote this conclusion:
"China's international traffic line, the Burma Road, will not be cut off from China, but will be planned according to its political strategy for Asia. Japan invaded Vietnam and concluded a friendly treaty with Thailand, indicating that it is about to enter the British Far East colony, which can capture the British colony and block China, killing two birds with one stone. "
In view of this, Du suggested that the Chinese and British armies should assemble their main forces, build positions in advance on the Myanmar border and take decisive defense to ensure the Yangon seaport. Later, the most important part of the Report of China-Myanmar-India-Malaysia Military Investigation Mission was the Draft Defense Plan of China, Britain and Myanmar drafted by Du.
Pope Hanzhong, the British Governor-General in Singapore who was in Myanmar at that time, was shocked when he saw this report. He said, "How many rational and determined generals are there in China like you?"
Du Yu Ming proudly replied: "Everywhere."
"Then, the victory belongs to you!" Pope Hanzhong, dressed in military uniform and with several medals hanging on his chest, will stand up, put his feet together and give Du a military salute.
At the beginning of 1942, the Japanese army 15 led four divisions to attack Myanmar in two ways. China sent an expeditionary force, and Du was the first deputy commander, sir. After the Chinese and British troops were assembled, they made a battle plan and went south to meet the Japanese army in three ways. Du's fifth army, the Middle Route Army, took over the British-Burmese defense of Tonggu on March 9 (see the Battle of Yunnan-Myanmar Highway).
According to the documents of the enemy's situation, Du learned about the situation and operational intention of the face-to-face enemy, and thought that the face-to-face enemy should not exceed two divisions at most. He is determined to concentrate his forces, use the favorable terrain with ancient times, break the enemy face to face, and cooperate with the British and Burmese troops to recover Yangon. Du's plan was approved by Luo (the first commander) and Stilwell (the chief of staff).
On March 20, the war with the ancients began. For several days, the enemy cooperated with land and air and attacked with artillery and chariots. By the 26th, the frontal enemy attacked the northwest corner of Tonggu with three wings, and the position of the 6th regiment of the 200th Division was broken. On the 27th, the newly formed 22nd Division arrived in the north of Tonggu and met the enemy. The two sides confronted each other all night. On the 28th, the Japanese army attacked from north to south and built fortifications on the back of Tonggu in an attempt to stop the new 22nd Division from advancing. Instead, the main force was concentrated on storming the 200 th Division, releasing corrosive gases, causing heavy casualties among the officers and men of the 200 th Division. Du commanded the new 22nd Division to attack the enemy head-on, and marched straight into Nanyang Terrace to relieve the encirclement of the 200th Division, but the Japanese army clung to it by virtue of nearby buildings. The two armies fought repeatedly and fought fiercely until the 30th.
At this time, the Sixth Army of the Expeditionary Army East Road and the British-Burmese Army West Road were fighting fiercely with the Japanese army. They can't enter the front line as scheduled, and the follow-up troops sent by the Japanese army from Yangon will soon join the attack and forcibly outflank the 200 th division. The 200 th Division has been fighting continuously for 12 days, and its supply has been interrupted, and it is in danger of being broken by the enemy one by one. Du is determined to make the 200 th Division break through and retreat, so as to gather troops to fight the enemy again as soon as possible.
Just when Du ordered the 200th Division to break through? Li resolutely opposed it, insisted on attacking the enemy with insufficient troops, and sent Du Deng, a staff officer, to supervise Du's implementation. Du refused and disobeyed Stilwell's orders on the grounds that "preserving combat effectiveness is the common sense and obligation of any commander" and began to implement a planned active retreat. After careful deployment, Ling Du Zheng Tingyi commanded the 200-division troops stationed in the city to feint the enemy, and the main force quickly retreated and withdrew from Tonggu on the 30th. Cross the Sedang River safely. Dai Anlan, the 200 th Division, said with deep feelings afterwards: "Ordering the charge is originally the mantra of infantry operations: it is the commander's real kung fu to dare to order the retreat at a critical moment!"
After the retreat of the 200th Division, in view of the lessons of ancient siege, Du formulated the tactics of "using narrow roads to preset deep positions to resist successive attacks by superior enemies", which is the famous successive blocking war of Weishi in the history of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China.
On the evening of the 30th, Du ordered the New 22nd Division to build several trapezoidal positions on the north and south banks of the Swawa River, ambush snipers on both sides and lay mines in front of the positions. This tactic is adopted by the new 22nd Division, which is flexible and false, making it impossible for the Japanese army to prevent it. The expeditionary force attacked first and then defended, and fought fiercely with the Japanese five wings as many as 12 times with continuous resistance tactics, which lasted for half a month. Every time the enemy advances, it needs to pay a huge cost of personnel and equipment, so as to achieve the goal of winning more with less and controlling the superior with inferior, which has become a rare war example in the history of the Anti-Japanese War.
On April 13, the British army asked the China army to replace the British-Burmese army in the west, in an attempt to get out of the mire war. Stilwell and Rowe rearranged their battle plans and prepared to fight in Mandalay, and ordered the fifth and sixty-sixth armies to be distributed on the 300-kilometer-long Ping (Manna)-Man (Dele) highway. Du believes that if the troops are dispersed like this, they will be divided by the enemy. He emphasized the importance of Tangji many times, and advocated either retreating to Tangji and keeping the gateway of lashio. Either draw Manchuria and oppose the unprepared battle of Mandalay, but it was not adopted by Shi and Luo, so Du had to do it and give up. So the Japanese army reoccupied Tangji, directly captured Lashio, and cut off the rear of China's main force assembled in Mandalay to prepare for battle from the southwest, so the Fifth Army stationed in had to retreat to the west bank of Irrawaddy River. From then on, the expeditionary force began a fiasco.
During this period, Shi and Luo left their troops and fled to India alone, and ordered all troops to retreat to Wenzao, while Chiang Kai-shek ordered them to turn to Myitkyina and slant horses. Du was determined to carry out Chiang Kai-shek's orders and retreat to the border.
The places sent back to China by the ministries of the Fifth Army are mountainous and sparsely populated, with difficulty in supplying, swarms of gnats and leeches sucking blood. Along the way, officers and men died one after another, leaving no bones, which was terrible. Du himself was seriously ill and almost died. Dai Anlan, the 200th division commander, was seriously injured and died in the fierce battle with the enemy.
After Du led the remnants of the Fifth Army to return to China, he repeatedly reviewed with Chiang Kai-shek, saying: "The failure of this campaign was due to the incompetence of the students' command and their failure to complete the task and win glory for the country. Ask the headmaster to punish them. Jiang not only did not punish Du, but promoted Du as commander-in-chief of the Fifth Army and commander-in-chief of Kunming Defence War.
The biggest problem Du Lu faced after he took up his new post was that the contradiction between Chiang Kai-shek and Long Yun, director of Yunnan battalion and chairman of Yunnan province, was very sharp, and fierce conflicts often occurred between them. Chiang Kai-shek intended to destroy Long Yun. Du knew that if he didn't get on well with Wang Longyun of Yunnan and the allied American troops, he would not only be unable to squat down in Kunming, but more importantly, he would not be able to complete the important task of "defending the strategic points in the southwest", and he would be expected to have high hopes, or even be ruined. He thought hard, looked for proper countermeasures, almost forgot to eat and sleep, and finally, he made a decision: "Who will go to hell if I don't go to hell!" " Decided to take the policy of dealing with dragons on the surface and being alert internally. Since then, Du befriended Long Yun, abided by his subordinates' proper attitude towards the chief executive, and paid a respectful salute. For example, regarding the business and local government, Du Du always asked Longyun for instructions before handling it, and then implemented it with the consent of Long Yun, never excluding others. Over the past few years, Du gradually gained the trust of Long Yun. On the surface, they are on good terms and talk about almost everything. Du Ze was widely accepted by important officials around Long Yun. He often plays cards and drinks with them, attends some entertainment parties and calls each other brothers to show mutual suspicion. Du also took care of the American army. If the U.S. military has some requirements, it will do them immediately and try to meet them. If it can't, it will explain them euphemistically to avoid misunderstanding. In his spare time, the US military often holds various entertainment activities and parties, and Du often deals with them. When invited by the US military, most of them arrived on time and danced together. Du's actions have aroused criticism from many Kuomintang military and political personnel, and some even complained to Chongqing. But Chiang Kai-shek comforted him again and again, and sent him a huge check to let him perform his original task with peace of mind.
1945 At the beginning of April, Chiang Kai-shek suddenly called Du to Chongqing. When Jiang met him, he asked, "Did you see anyone when you came?" Adu: "Nobody saw it." Chiang Kai-shek happily claimed to be good, and then said: At present, to prepare for a general counterattack against the Japanese aggressors, we must first stabilize the rear areas, unify Yunnan's military politics, and ensure War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's final victory. Now I plan to transfer Long Yun to the Central Committee as the chairman of the Military Senate, for fear that he will not obey the orders of the Central Committee. You should be prepared to completely solve Long Yun militarily, first control all national defense and commerce near Kunming, then disarm Long Yun by force when I definitely arrive, and limit Long Yun to Chongqing within three days. I asked Du what he thought. He accepted the task in one gulp. Chiang Kai-shek was very happy and asked Du to return to Kunming immediately to prepare. However, He (then Commander-in-Chief of the Army in China Theater) thought that it was ok to persuade Long Yun to resign voluntarily, and Long Yun would not cling to the stack, so as to avoid a military solution. Du also agreed. Therefore, he and Du Li advised Long Yun to resign voluntarily. Three months later, Long Yun didn't give up.
On August 9 this year, Chiang Kai-shek once again called Du to Chongqing for an interview. Jiang instructed: "When you go back to Long Yun this time, besides military preparations, you should also make careful arrangements for Yunnan's communications, transportation and airport to prevent Long Yun from escaping."
On August 1 1 day, Du flew back to Kunming and immediately made preparations to solve Long Yun. On the military side, Du Fu personally taught sand table simulation exercises to officers above platoon leader, investigated Long Yun's troops and stations in Kunming, and worked out countermeasures in order to completely solve Long Yun's armed forces in a short time. Kunming is connected with telephones, telegrams, highways, railways and airports in the whole province, and strict control measures have been formulated to isolate Long Yun from the outside world, leaving only a tiny Wuhua Mountain and a battalion of guards, so that Long Yun can decide where to go. How to convey Chiang Kai-shek's orders and how to persuade Long Yun to surrender are also preparations. The work was done in secret for a month.
On September 27th, Chiang Kai-shek sent Wang Shuming to Kunming secretly, and sent a personal letter to Du, informing him that it would be held another day.