Exploration of Navigation Practice Teaching Based on Navigation CBT Technology
Abstract: Navigation practice has always been an important part of navigation education. In order to meet the requirements of the Manila Amendment to STCW Convention for the practical skills of navigation, this paper systematically investigates the practical teaching of navigation, and in view of the problems existing in the current practical teaching of navigation, combined with the development and advantages of CBT technology, analyzes and studies the promotion of maritime CBT to the practical teaching of navigation.
Keywords: CBT navigation practice teaching
China Library Classification Number: G642 Document Identification Number: Part A Number:1674-2117 (2014) 20-00-02.
Navigation practice is an important part of navigation education and a necessary means to cultivate students' practical skills, professional concepts, professional quality and safety awareness. The STCW78/95 Convention particularly emphasizes the need to strengthen the training and evaluation of seafarers' practical skills, with practice first. Manila Amendment to STCW Convention, which came into effect in 20 12, Rules for Examination, Assessment and Certification of Seagoing Crew formulated by China (referred to as 1 1 Rules) and Opinions on Further Improving the Quality of Maritime Education issued by the Ministry of Education also emphasize the requirement of improving seafarers' practical skills. [ 1]
1 Current situation of navigation practice teaching
At present, most shipping schools attach great importance to navigation practice teaching. Shanghai Maritime University, as one of the few undergraduate colleges with independent teaching practice ships in China, invests a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources in maritime practice every year. At present, the practice teaching at sea is close to the original mode. First, in the next semester of junior year, the school will send special teachers to the school ship to carry out navigation practice teaching; After that, the graduation internship in the next semester of the senior year will take the mode of graduating six months in advance and entering the internship with the ship in the distribution unit. For students who do not work as sailors after graduation, they are arranged to practice on the ship in a unified way. [2]
By systematically investigating the teaching plan and assessment data of navigation practice for undergraduates majoring in navigation in recent years, sorting out and analyzing the discussions and exchanges with students, and combining with their own practical teaching experience, it is found that there are still the following problems in navigation practice teaching: ① The increase of navigation practice time is accompanied by the increase of the investment cost of manpower and material resources in schools, the pressure of teacher allocation is increasing, and safety management is facing challenges; (2) Except for the propaganda film and mobilization meeting, the preparation work for the internship during school (on land) is obviously insufficient in the pre-boarding education, which leads to the students' unclear learning objectives after boarding the ship, and even thinks that the navigation internship is just to experience the life of sailors, resulting in a waste of teaching resources and difficult to achieve the expected goals; (3) There is a lack of operability and continuity in the on-site practical operation items in the teaching scheme, and there is no specific written teaching plan. Because of the different teacher allocation and specific personnel arrangement, the practical teaching effect is obviously different; (4) After returning to school after the internship, it is difficult for the educational administration department to understand and master the real internship teaching situation, and the feedback mechanism is not perfect.
Present situation and development of 2 CBT technology
Computer-aided training (CBT) is a means of computer-aided training by using teaching software, which is usually realized by multimedia such as graphics, text, audio, video and virtual reality technology.
Now computer-aided training has been widely used in the training of the world aviation industry. International attention has been paid to the research and development of aviation CBT, and a professional organization-Aviation Industry CBT Committee (AICC) has been established to formulate guidelines for the development, release and evaluation of computer-based training system in aviation industry. [3]
The shipping industry is also actively exploring the development of computer technology training means. Several famous foreign maritime software suppliers, such as British visual navigation international company, Norwegian seagull company and MGI international company, have developed a wealth of maritime CBT training modules. The British Maritime Society has also studied maritime CBT for many years and held many meetings? CBT@SEA？ Its research on the application, existing problems and standards of maritime CBT is in the leading position in the world.
The research on CBT technology in domestic maritime colleges is also in the development stage, but its application forms are still scattered, mainly including simulator training and CAI multimedia-assisted teaching. , which is applied to cargo stowage training and bridge resource management evaluation training of MSA. The emerging low-cost desktop CBT technology based on Windows operating system will surely form a strong support for navigation practice teaching.
3 Analysis of the advantages of maritime CBT in practical teaching
3. 1 Reduce training costs
CBT system integrates text, sound, animation, images and video clips, which can largely replace teaching facilities such as paper charts, physical models and training simulators, and even replace some physical operations, thus greatly saving the training cost of practical teaching.
3.2 Improve training efficiency
With its graphic and vivid effect, CBT system is easy to express complex theoretical and practical problems intuitively and vividly, and give full play to students' multi-sensory ability to accept information. The comparative study of Kangsburg Maritime shows that maritime CBT can improve students' memory by 80%.
3.3 Enhance interest in learning
Maritime CBT technology is a system that combines simulation technology with training and teaching. Users don't just look at the computer screen, but become part of the activities on the computer screen. They have a strong sense of interaction and participation, which can greatly improve students' interest in learning.
3.4 Ensure the quality of training evaluation
In the practical teaching of navigation, there are significant differences between students' understanding and practical ability, and the repeatability of navigation CBT technology can effectively make up for this difference. At the same time, maritime CBT adopts standardized evaluation methods, which can avoid the interference of human factors and ensure that the evaluation results meet the unified and fair standards.
4 CBT technology promotes navigation practice teaching.
4. 1 Preparation before boarding
Generally speaking, before students board the ship, as school leaders and counselors in charge of student work, they will give safety education to students through the internship mobilization meeting, but students often disagree with the safety discipline education mentioned at the internship mobilization meeting. What if some collected safety cases are made by CBT technology? Basic safety training? Show the software package to the students, I believe it can play a good warning role, and let the students know what to do to ensure the safety during the internship.
Maritime CBT is free in time and space and can be carried out at any time and any place. Students can understand the requirements and contents of ship teaching practice before boarding the ship, and go to practice with questions and purposes, which is helpful to enhance students' interest in learning and clarify the practice objectives. The application of maritime CBT is more in line with the student-centered autonomous learning mode advocated by universities in China.
4.2 In terms of teaching on board
During the students' internship on board, the instructor should make full use of the existing equipment, instruments, marine environment and scenes on board and organize practical teaching according to the teaching syllabus. However, the syllabus covers a wide range, and the practice instructors are often only proficient in their own professional knowledge. The internship time on board is limited, so it is difficult to successfully complete the internship task. Most of the existing maritime CBT software decomposes the contents of crew training into special topics according to STCW78/95 convention and the nature and characteristics of crew working in ships, which is very similar to the maritime practice teaching case base being built in our school. If the maritime CBT is constructed on the basis of practical teaching plan and outline, and the items and topics in the case base of maritime practical teaching are enriched, the practical teaching with the help of maritime CBT can not only strongly support the teaching outline, but also effectively reduce the difference in teaching effect caused by different teacher allocation and specific personnel arrangement. Due to the great difference between students' understanding ability and operation ability, and the limited equipment and time on board, the traditional teaching rhythm is usually completely controlled by teachers. Based on the principle of taking care of the majority, the internship effect of a few students is not good, or the teaching progress is delayed in order to take care of a few students. Maritime CBT covers a large amount of information and has strong repeatability. Can students take the exam? Pause? Or? Playback? Repeated drills and other functions to consolidate the learning effect. At the same time, maritime CBT can better simulate the dynamic process, help students understand and master abstract concepts, complex processes and operations, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and students can practice repeatedly. When students talk with computers, they have no psychological burden, can fully tap their learning potential, improve their subjective initiative and achieve better learning and training results.
4.3 Practice evaluation
At present, practical operation assessment is the main assessment method in most schools. Due to the limited number of teachers on board, the assessment often takes up a lot of precious time, and there are often problems that reflect inconsistent assessment standards and too many subjective factors. Taking Shanghai Maritime University as an example, the practice assessment is determined by practical assessment, written examination and performance. Among them, 65% were practical, 20% were written, and the score was 15%. Under normal circumstances, the performance of political achievements is basically the same, and the proportion of written tests is small. The difference of students' grades mainly lies in the practical test. Practical examination generally adopts the form of random test and examiner's scoring, which is greatly influenced by the difficulty of the topic and the impression of the examiner.
Maritime CBT has a built-in evaluation system and the function of recording the training time and the identity of the trainees, which can test the training results and quality of the trainees. The automatic grading function quantifies the teaching effect and quality, which can save a lot of time. The computer automatic recording and scoring system can also prevent the subjective factors of the examiner from causing the inconsistency of evaluation standards and other human factors in the on-site evaluation, and ensure the objectivity and fairness of the evaluation.
4.4 feedback summary after returning to school
After sailing practice returns to school, the educational administration department of the school can only learn about sailing practice by arranging teachers' and students' discussion and consulting practice reports, with a single means and few means to obtain information.
Navigation CBT system is helpful to establish a good feedback mechanism for navigation practice teaching. A large number of students' use and assessment data are stored in maritime CBT, and the teaching management department can easily investigate and analyze the problems and assessment in maritime practice teaching, help practical teachers improve teaching strategies and optimize teaching schemes, thus further improving the quality of maritime practice.
(1 Merchant Marine College of Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306; 2 Ship Simulation Technology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 20 1306)
References:
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