(a), towel protection law: when you escape, soak the towel, cover your nose and mouth, walk as close as possible to the ground, through the smoke, don't take the towel away when you have difficulty breathing.
(2) When isolating the fire: When the door is closed by fire and there is no way to escape, you can block the door with wet bedding and clothes, splash water to cool down, close all windows and wait for rescue.
(3), rope slip method: When each channel is blocked by fire, you can use a strong rope or tear curtains and sheets into strips and twist them into ropes, fix them in the heating pipe and so on, and slowly slide down along the rope.
(4) Parabolic call for help method: People trapped by fireworks who cannot escape temporarily should try to stay in balconies, windows and other places where people can easily find them, shaking or throwing bright and dazzling things out of the window for help.
(5) Low-rise jumping method: If you are trapped on the second floor by fire, you can throw some quilts and other fabrics on the ground, then grab the windowsill with your hands, and your body will droop, and your head and feet will naturally fall. Don't jump off a tall building.
Second, the basic requirements of fire rescue and escape
(a), when the fire broke out, to escape quickly, don't be greedy.
(2), family members should know how to master fire escape at ordinary times, familiar with several escape routes.
(3) When receiving the fire threat, act decisively, put on wet clothes and bedding, and rush out to the safety exit.
(4) When escaping from the smoke, try to keep your body close to the ground and cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel.
(5) Don't run when there is a fire. You can roll on the spot or crush the flame with heavy clothes.
(6) If you can't take the elevator in case of fire, you should escape in the direction of the safety exit.
(7), outdoor fire, the door is hot, don't open the door, to prevent fire into the room. Use soaked bedding, clothes, etc. To block the doors and windows, to splash water to cool down.
(8) If the escape route is blocked by fire, you should immediately return to the room and send a distress signal to the window by flashing a flashlight, waving clothes or calling for help. Never jump off a building blindly. You can use evacuation stairs, balconies, drainage pipes, etc. In order to escape, either tear the sheets and quilts into a training rope, tie it to solid objects such as window frames and iron railings, and slide down the rope, or go down to the unlit floor to get out of danger.
Third, the method of earthquake escape
(1) When encountering a building earthquake, you should hide in a space that is not easy to collapse for shock absorption, or hide next to objects with strong support and good self-concealment, such as iron cabinets, cabinets, heating, large equipment, etc. Pay attention to lean into the bracket, but you can't get in. The purpose is to use the triangular natural space formed between the falling cement slab and the support when the roof collapses, in which people can breathe easily and help others.
(2) When encountering an earthquake outdoors, try to stay away from narrow streets, tall buildings, tall chimneys, transformers, high-voltage lines, glass curtain wall buildings, viaducts, large billboards, petrochemical, chemical, gas and other toxic factories or facilities; When crossing the bridge, you should firmly grasp the bridge railing and get off the bridge immediately after shaking. After the earthquake stops, don't run back to the collapsed building easily to prevent aftershocks from hurting people.
(3) When there is an earthquake in the classroom, you should hold your head, close your eyes and squat under the desk quickly under the command of teachers and other personnel. Be sure to keep calm and choose things (chairs, cabinets, tables, etc.) on the spot. ) hide, lie down and wait for confirmation, and avoid running away. As soon as the earthquake stops, listen to the command and evacuate quickly and orderly. Don't crowd when evacuating, don't jump off a building blindly, and don't crowd in elevators and aisles.
(4) In case of earthquake during working hours, turn off the power supply and air supply quickly and hide near solid machines, equipment or office furniture. But pay attention to leave the power supply, gas source, fire source and other dangerous places.
(5) When encountering an earthquake in a theater, stadium or restaurant, you should quickly lie down under your seat and bury your head in your head; You can also hide under the stage or orchestra pit; The audience at the door can run out of the door quickly.
(6) When encountering an earthquake in a department store, you should hide near pillars or large commodities, but try to avoid glass cabinets. When you are upstairs, you should seize the opportunity to gradually move to the bottom, send information to the outside world, and call for help when someone is not far away.
Fourth, self-help and escape in case of flood.
(1) Pay attention to the weather forecast. When the weather forecast reports continuous rainstorm or heavy rainstorm, people living in river valleys, low-lying areas and areas along rivers and lakes should be vigilant, pay attention to changes in water conditions at any time and take appropriate measures in time.
(2) Before the flood comes, evacuate the flood-prone area according to the pre-selected route.
(3) If the flood is fierce and it is too late to evacuate, you can climb to the roof, wall or nearby trees and wait for rescue. Houses with mud walls and joints are in danger of collapse at any time after soaking in water, and can only be used as temporary shelters. So find other ways to escape.
(4) If possible, you can eat some high-calorie foods, such as chocolate and biscuits, and drink some hot drinks to enhance your physical strength. When taking refuge, you should take necessary warm clothes, especially necessary drinking water, and never drink flood water to avoid getting sick.
(5) Use flashlights, whistles, flags, bright sheets, clothes and other tools to send out distress signals to attract the attention of rescuers and come for help.
(6) You can use wooden boards, wooden beds, boxes and other things that can float on the water to escape, but you must pay attention to this method unless you have to.
(7) After the flood, don't walk through the knee-deep stream with fast flowing water.
Extended data:
According to Voice of China's Global Chinese Broadcasting Network, test your common sense of disaster prevention and mitigation: if there is a fire, how to escape in the shortest time? After the earthquake, how do survivors waiting for rescue make a living? There were also crowds at the rally. What posture can ensure that the mind and brain are not hurt?
Obviously, this common sense can save lives when disasters come, but not everyone knows it very well. Some friends in front of the radio may say that everyone wants to know the answer to similar questions, but the problem is that there is no convenient and simple channel to understand and the publicity is not in place.
At present, there is a good way to help you learn these self-help knowledge-The Illustrated Popular Science Series of Disaster Avoidance and Escape published by People's Health Publishing House. This is the first popular science series in China to express disaster avoidance, escape and self-help in the form of cartoons, which was drawn by domestic cartoon experts.
Disaster medical experts said that compared with natural disasters such as earthquake, tsunami and typhoon, the cause of catastrophic accidents in big cities is often that man-made disasters outweigh natural disasters, and the lack of self-help and mutual rescue skills and the absence of escape drills are the incentives for urban safety accidents to turn into disasters.
Therefore, it is necessary to train people in disaster early warning, strengthen psychological quality training and basic knowledge training in disaster state, and improve medical rescue consciousness in disaster events.
Then, through what channels do other countries generally publicize disaster prevention knowledge, and what good experiences are worth learning? Let's go to South America first. Because South America is a vast country, different countries face different major disasters, and how to escape from popular science is also different. Wang Juemian, a former reporter of China Radio International in South America, introduced:
Wang Juemian: Life is precious, and South American countries attach great importance to how to escape from various disasters. In Argentina, this land blessed by God has few natural disasters and beautiful scenery. People often go camping and outdoor exploration during holidays. So from primary school, teachers will teach children how to survive in the wild. What if they get hurt in the wild? How to dress a companion, how to tell the direction, how to call for help and so on.
In neighboring Argentina, which is separated by a mountain, Chile is an earthquake-prone country. People will learn earthquake escape skills from an early age under the organization of schools and communities. Under the supervision of parents, children will be exposed to these skills repeatedly, and earthquake escape drills are not uncommon. In public places in Chile, there will be eye-catching escape exits, hotels and English escape guides for foreign tourists.
At the top of the South American continent, Colombia suffers from floods every year. From time to time, the government will remind every household to prepare an escape bag through local newspapers and radio, which should contain important documents, clean water and food that can be stored for a long time, as well as escape tools such as rubber boats. Because some Indians can't read, the government will draw these suggestions into pictures for the villagers to understand.
Australia attaches great importance to the dual cultivation of citizens' knowledge and skills in promoting disaster prevention and reduction. Schools and communities will hold fire drills from time to time, and pay more attention to people's escape skills training while imparting popular science knowledge. Hu Fang, an Australian observer of Global Chinese Broadcasting Network, introduced:
Hu Fang: In terms of knowledge training, the Australian government has dispersed the publicity work to every community. The Committee in the area where forest fires often occur will distribute brochures to every resident free of charge. In the effective area, people will also be presented with things that can be seen everywhere, such as refrigerator stickers or key rings with various emergency contact numbers printed on them.
In addition, some emergency agencies in Australia attach great importance to interaction with citizens. Fire stations all over the country will have special open days, and citizens are welcome to visit the fire stations, and there will also be special personnel to explain the use of various fire-fighting equipment.
In addition to the popularization of knowledge, Australia also attaches great importance to the cultivation of citizen skills. Every Australian has experienced dozens or even hundreds of fire drills in metropolis since childhood.
The office building will hold a virtual fire alarm drill every year, and all the staff must evacuate to the designated location through the security door like a real alarm. Through dozens of drills from small to large, even if there is a fire or other disaster in the future, everyone will know how to evacuate safely and will not panic.
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and nuclear radiation have frequently caused natural disasters in Japan in recent years, which has also prompted people to strengthen popular science knowledge of disaster prevention and mitigation. Let's listen to Huang, a Japanese observer of Global Chinese Broadcasting Network:
Huang: Japan's disaster prevention education and training runs through the life of every citizen. Since kindergarten, we have been teaching children disaster prevention knowledge and organizing them to carry out disaster prevention exercises. In primary and secondary schools, many schools and communities hold disaster prevention training together, with richer contents.
For example, to experience the camping life that survived the disaster in a shelter is to cut off contact with the outside world and train for a day or two to survive independently in the wild. In addition to learning through books, textbooks, videos, etc., some schools also hire people who have experienced major disasters such as the Hanshin Earthquake to tell their experiences and feelings.
Many fire stations train professional lecturers from firefighters and serve as visiting teachers in schools and communities to provide high-quality and continuous disaster prevention education.
In addition, Japan has also included funds in disaster prevention education. Disaster prevention center is such a facility, which is funded by the government and managed free of charge. There are all kinds of facilities to simulate disasters. It is said that every family should prepare a disaster prevention emergency kit, which contains water and food, flashlights, lighters, candles and so on. It should be prepared for three days, generally forming the concept that disasters are inevitable but preventable and salvageable.
People's Network-China's first popular science book on disaster escape and avoidance popularized disaster prevention knowledge.