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The origin of the surname "Sun"
Sun Shi Wuyuan

Sun's surname has a long history and there are many clues about its origin. China Sun's roots have absorbed the blood of different periods, places and nationalities, and its development is like the convergence of rivers and streams. Sun Shi appeared in Wei, Qi, Chu, Wu, Jin, Zheng, Qin and many vassal states in the Central Plains in the pre-Qin period. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, some families have become Sun Shi clansmen by changing their surnames and giving them surnames. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, many ethnic minorities joined Sun in the process of sinicization. In the early Ming Dynasty, the government demanded that the compound surname be changed to the single surname, so that another group of compound surname clans with the word Sun became a member of the Sun clan. To sum up, there are five main sources:

First, the three main branches of Sun Shi in the pre-Qin period.

According to the summary of genealogy and historical records of Tang and Song Dynasties, Sun Shi had three main branches in the pre-Qin period.

1, stone

Wei's surname is after. Sun Shi, the fourth volume of Yuan He's usurpation in the Tang Dynasty, reads: "The eighth son Wei Kangshu was born in Wugong River, and Sun Huisheng was born in Wuzhong with both ears, taking the word Wang Fu as his surname." Wu Zhong took the "Sun" in his grandfather's name as his surname and called him Sun Wuzhong, thus defending himself.

Wei Kangshu, surnamed Ji Mingfeng, is the eighth son of King Ji Chang of Zhou Wen. Zhou Wuwang stayed in Kang (now northwest of Yuzhou City, Henan Province) intact after the destruction of the business, which was called Kang Shufeng in history. After Ji Dan, the Duke of Zhou, put down the Wu Geng Rebellion, he enfeoffed some areas originally ruled by the Shang and Yin people to Kang Shu, with Chao Ge (now Qixian County, Henan Province) as the capital, and established the country together with the rest of the people who supervised the Shang. Weiguo is located in the northern part of Henan Province, and also owns parts of the southern section of Hebei Province and the western end of Shandong Province. Wei Kangshu listened to the advice of his eldest brother, Duke Zhou, and governed the country according to Wang Wen's policy of "being wise and being cautious". Guo Wei made great progress and became a big country.

Wei Kangshu's eighth grandson, Minghe, was the king of defending the country during the weekend of the Western Regions and the early Spring and Autumn Period. His reign lasted from 8 12 BC to 758 BC. In the forty-second year of Duke Wu (77 BC/KLOC-0 BC/), the dog Rong attacked Haojing in Zhoudu (now Chang 'an, Shaanxi) and killed it. Wei Wudi, together with Jin Wengong and Hehe, helped the Zhou royal family to quell the rebellion of the northern minorities, and moved eastward to Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan), where he was named Duke. Qi Huangong of Wei Wu worked hard politically and was very popular with the people. He was the most famous vassal at that time. Wu Gong had a son named Wei Shangqing, who ate a fief in Qi (now north of Puyang County, Henan Province), and Jill had a son named B, whose name was Wuzhong. According to the patriarchal clan system of the Zhou dynasty, the son of the monarch of the vassal state was called Gongzi and the grandson was called Gongsun. Gongsun Zan's son has been slightly alienated from his long-term blood relationship, but his grandfather (father) can be given a surname, and another branch of the clan was born. In this way, Wu Zhong took his grandfather's "Sun" as his surname, which meant that Sun Yi and Sun Wuzhong were separated from Ji's surname.

Ji surname is one of the oldest surnames of the Chinese nation, and the legendary Huaxia tribe in ancient history is famous for its two tribal leaders-Emperor and Emperor Yan. The emperor was surnamed Ji, named Xuanyuan, because he lived near Jishui. Later, he was surnamed Ji, which was the emperor family. Jiang, surnamed Shennong, got Jiang because he was a neighbor, and he was a surname. Both Ji and Jiang take the female surname as the symbol of the clan, which reflects the organizational structure of the primitive tribe linked by the blood relationship of the children born to women. Some scholars have inferred that the birthplace of the emperor family is about the northern part of Shaanxi today, and the ancestor of Emperor Yan is about the southern part of the western part of Shanxi. The two tribes are not far apart and even married.

Zhou clan is an ancient tribe that rose on the Loess Plateau in the middle reaches of Weihe River. According to legend, the surname Ji seems to be a direct descendant of China people. Hou Ji, the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty, is said to be the son of Di Ku. According to legend, he is also a descendant of Xuantao, the son of the Yellow Emperor, whose name is Shi. He once married the daughter of a toffee and gave up. Qiu Jiang, surnamed Jiang, should belong to the family system. In this way, the abandonment of children is the result of intermarriage between Huangdi and Yan Di. It spread from Hou Ji to Gongliu for more than ten generations, then moved to Jian 'an (now Xunyi County, Shaanxi Province), then to Gu's father, and then moved to the foot of Qishan (now Qishan County, Shaanxi Province). Since King Chang of Qi ascended the throne, Zhou's influence has been growing, and finally the king of Wu destroyed the merchants and unified the whole country. One of his twelfth grandchildren took his grandfather's word as his surname and changed his surname to Sun. He mainly lives in his fief: Qi (located in the north of Puyang County, Henan Province).

2. Sun Shi whose surname is Chu.

In the Song Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi wrote "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty: The Prime Minister's Lineage Table", saying that Sun Shi "came from the surname of Mi" and Chu Fu gave birth to the king, with the word "no hook". He gave birth to Chen and Ai Lie, that is, Ao He. And the most senior official went abroad: another Sun Yinshuai, the source of Sun Shi in Chu.

Mi surname is the surname of Chu in the early Zhou Dynasty. The ethnic origins of Chu people include China's theory of Huaxia, the theory of barbarians, and the theory of Sanyuan Miao. In fact, Chu people are formed by the continuous hybridization between Chinese people in the Central Plains and the surrounding indigenous people, and Chu culture is the fruit of the fusion of Chinese culture and barbarian culture.

2 Sun Shi Wuyuan (zt)

Qu Yuan's Lisao begins by saying, "The descendant of Emperor Levin" claims to be the descendant of Levin in the Central Plains. Levin is one of the Five Emperors in China's legendary era and an important leader of the Yanhuang Alliance: Zhuan Xu. According to Sima Qian's historical records, Zhuan Xu was the grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and a tribal leader of Huaxia nationality at that time. One of his descendants is Zhu Rong, and the clan is divided into eight surnames, and the riverside is mixed with water and barbarians. Lv Zhong, a descendant of Zhu Rong, married the daughter of Ghost Fang. She was pregnant for eleven years and had no children, so she gave birth to three people by caesarean section, three on the left rib and three on the right rib. The sixth son is Ji Lian, whose branch is Mi surname, which is the ancestor of Chu people.

During the Shang Dynasty, due to the fierce struggle in the Central Plains, the Jilian tribe gradually moved southward and reached the Hanshui River Basin. With the attachment of the local Miao tribes, the ancestors of Chu people and the aborigines of Sanmiao have been continuously integrated and their strength has been growing. The most famous figure among the descendants of Kilian is Chief Xiong Ji. At this time, Shang Zhouwang's rule was extremely cruel. For the survival and development of Chu nationality, he decided to take refuge in Zhou and made great contributions in the process of rescue and assistance in the crusade. Zhou Chengwang, the descendant of the hero, made Xiong Yi, the great grandson of Xiong Ji, a viscount, and established the State of Chu, which is located in the southwest of Henan and the north of Hubei. Due to the historical achievements of the bear and its influence on Chu society, the monarch of Chu changed his surname to bear.

Hong Mao was the monarch of Chu in the early Spring and Autumn Period. His surname is yes, and his son Hong Mao played an important role in the foreign affairs of Chu at that time. "Genealogy" says: "Zhangzhang Food City is in the town, so it is named after the family." In this way, the Kou family gradually developed into a noble family in Chu, and many related figures appeared in Zuo Zhuan. Lou Zhang's son Lou Lucheng, uncle Feng. When Chu was king, he was appointed as Lingyin. His grandson Jia Zui, whose name is Bo Zui, went in and out of the court of the King of Chu in his early years to discuss political affairs. Chu Zhuangwang was then Gong Zheng. Jia Jia's son, Jia Ao, is the son of Sun Shuai, a famous sage in Chu. Their descendants took Sun as their surname, and the family of Chu was born and multiplied.

3. Gui's surname is Shi.

The "New Tang Book Prime Minister Pedigree Table" said: It is still consistent, "from the Gui family. Qi Tian finished the word, four grandchildren had no Yu, and the second son had no Yu: Huan and Shu. In the battle of Shu Zi, the doctor of the State of Qi made meritorious deeds in cutting Ju, gave him a surname, and enjoyed food and rest. " This means that the doctor of Qi was given the surname Sun because of his meritorious military service, which is the origin of the surname Sun of Qi.

Gui surname and Yao surname are the surnames of Yu tribe. According to legend, Shun was born in Yaocheng and got his surname. He lives in Guangxi, and he got the surname of Guangxi, which is Hewan. Gui is water. In the south of Yongji County, Shanxi Province, it rises in Lishan and flows into the Yellow River. There are two opinions about the origin of Shun: The Chronicle of the Third World says that Shun is descended from the royal family; And Mencius said: "Dashun, the people of Dongyi are also." According to the analysis of various ancient historical records, Shun's voice, residence, production and work are not only in the Central Plains such as Shanxi and Henan, but also in Shandong and Zhejiang. Can it be speculated that Shun nationality and its descendants should be a branch of Huaxia nationality in the Central Plains and descendants of Dongyi tribe?

Tianwan is a descendant of Yu Kun, the son of Shun's father. When attacking merchants, Yu Huang's father was an official of the Zhou Dynasty, in charge of the production of pottery and the potters who made and burned kilns. Because he was well-managed and well-equipped, and because he was a descendant of saint Yu Shun, he married his daughter to Gui Man, the son of Yu Huang's father, and appointed him to Huaiyang County, Henan Province today, and established the State of Chen. After Gui Man's death, posthumous title, also known as Hu Gongman, took Chen as his surname.

Since Chen Hugong, the State of Chen has been inherited by twelve kings from ten generations, and the Duke of Huan was in civil strife. Duke Huan was seriously ill and died. His brother killed the prince and left home for Chen Gong. Yue, Lin and the third brother were killed by Cai in order to avenge their brothers. The third brother acceded to the throne successively as Gong Li, Zhuang Gong and Gong Xuan. He died five months later and hou zhuang died seven years later. After Gong Xuan succeeded to the throne, he had established a prince, and later he wanted to exchange money for the son who favored Ji, so he brutally killed the prince. Gong Li's son Chen Wan had a good relationship with the Prince and was afraid of his own disaster, so he fled to Qi in 672 BC. When Chen Wan arrived in Qi, he humbly declined the position of Qing, and only took the position of "integrity" in managing all kinds of workers.

Chen Yu, the fourth grandson of Chen Wan, was an official "doctor", and Chen Shu, the fifth grandson, made meritorious service in cutting Ju 'an. He was named Sun and Le 'an (now Huimin County, Shandong Province), and thus the state of Qi appeared.

Second, Sun Shi was in other branches of pre-Qin countries.

1, Sun Shi, a descendant of the royal family of Jin Guoji.

The name "Sun Zhou" appeared twice in Zuo Zhuan's Seventeen Years of Qi Huangong (592 BC). Yang Bojun's note: "Sun Zhou is a Duke of Jin." "Historical Records Jin Shijia" says: "Those who mourn the public week, their great father Jie, the public and young in Jinxiang, can't stand, and the number is Uncle Huan, and Uncle Huan loves it most. Uncle Huan gave birth to Huibo and talked about mourning for the public. " Sun Zhou was also changed to Sun Shi as a branch of the royal family because his grandfather was a small family with few children and could not be the main family. Later, due to an accidental opportunity, the nobles of the State of Jin attacked and killed Jin Wengong Li, only to be greeted by a member of the royal family who ascended the throne and paid tribute to Jin Wengong. According to "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals", there was a retainer named Jin Qing. The retainer is generally a civilian class, which shows that Sun Shi also appeared among the civilians in the State of Jin.

3 Sun Shi Wuyuan (zt)

2. Among the Zheng royal family.

"Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong Eight Years" (565 BC) records: "My son tried to kill his son and was killed by the public. Zi Shang came first, and Chen Geng in summer and April killed orphans Zi Hou and Zi Ding. When Sun attacked him, Sun Xie was caught off guard. He laughed and laughed. Sun Xie was the son and grandson of the Zheng royal family.

3. History.

Zhuangzi Ji Jie Ma Ti Wen: "Le Yun: Sun, Bo Le, is a good horse." Bole Sun Yang knew Maxima, and his story was widely circulated. In other words, Sun Shi also appeared in the State of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period, although his ancestral home is unknown.

4. Sun Shi in Shang Dynasty

Song Zhao Mingcheng's Jin Shi Lu (Volume 17) and Han Anping's Sun Genbei contain: "Before Kao Jue came out, he had his own trip to Yin, and he was a seedling of the soup; Another cloud Wu Dasheng, sealed the tomb of Bi Gan, and later generations analyzed it to avoid hiding the traces. The surname is Sun Yan. " Beagan is Shang Zhouwang's uncle. He is an official in Shao Shi. Yin abused his power and the country's situation was in jeopardy. Beagan grimaced, protested directly, and was killed by Zhou Wang. Legend has it that after Bigen was killed, his wife fled to the forest to take refuge, and her son was named Lin Jian, who was Bigen's son. From then on, the descendants of Lin are the ancestors of Bigan. However, a descendant of Bigan named Sun appeared here. The so-called "descendant analysis" should be another branch of the Bigan family.

Third, change the surname to Sun Shi.

1, the relationship between Xun surname and.

Xunzi, a great thinker in the Warring States Period, also had an indissoluble bond with Sun Shi. According to Sima Zhen's Records of the Historian in the Tang Dynasty, Yan Shigu's Records of Hanshu Art and Literature in the Tang Dynasty recorded that in order to avoid the taboo of name inquiry, you changed to Sun's surname, and even the Warring States period changed to; Of course, quite a few people changed their surnames later, but after all, some people thought it was changed, because it also became a big source of the branch of Sun surname in Han Dynasty.

2. There were children with their mother's surname in Han Dynasty.

Biography of Han Xia Houying records: "The first baby was a Tengling car, hence the name Tenggong. Besides, the great-great-grandson has a master, who takes his surname and calls him Princess Sun, so Teng makes him have many adopted daughters. "

When he was in the Three Kingdoms, the official worshipped the commander of Weikou, led the satrap of Lujiang, and guarded the Sun River in Anhui (now Qianshan County, Anhui Province), named Bohai, surnamed Yu, and was also a man. Pei quoted in The Biography of the Three Kingdoms Wu Shu Imperial Clan as saying: "Jiang, a strong imperial clan, is also an ancient jade." Sun Jian's so-called "clan son" and "surname Yu after becoming a monk" should be the son of a married woman in the grandchildren, and naturally he followed the surname Yu. When he was young, he fought with Sun Jian on the battlefield, and often took the lead. Sun Jian regarded him as a confidant. Later, together with Sun Ce, he pacified Jiangdong and made more contributions. The Biography of the Three Kingdoms Wu Shu Imperial Clan said: "Sun Ce loved his son and gave him the surname Sun and other clans. Later, he became a general and went to the capital (now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province). " Sun Ce not only gave him a new surname Sun, but also listed his surname, that is, he returned to Fuchun's genealogy.

3. He was adopted as a stepson by Sun Shi and changed his surname to Sun.

For example, in the Ming Dynasty, Sun Shimei lived in Lou County, Jiangsu Province (now Songjiang, Shanghai). Sun Shimei is an official in Shenzhen, his father Sun Ne is an official, and his grandfather Zhu, whose real name is Zhu, is the leader of Sun Shi family after the official in Taichang Temple. "Rebuilding Genealogy in Jiangdu Sun Shi" records that the ancestor Sun Jinxing was born in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. "Male surnamed xu, female surnamed sun. Because of the secret of Ming Sun, the ancestral industry is embarrassing, and the genealogy comes from it. I will never forget this. " This person changed from Xu to his stepson and became the ancestor of Jiangdu.

Four, the compound surname province word into Sun Shi.

Uncle Sun Shi. First, it originated from the surname Ji recorded in Surname Spectrum. During the Spring and Autumn Period, his son Gongziya was also called Yashu, and his two grandchildren took Zhongshu as their surname and Sun Shu as their surname. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Dr. Lu had uncles Sun Bao and Sun Chende, and in the Western Han Dynasty, there was uncle Sun Tong. Second, the Tuoba nationality originated from the Northern Wei Dynasty. "The Official History of Wei Shu" contains: "Tuoba's neighbor made his uncle's surname change, and later changed to uncle." In the Northern Wei Dynasty, statesman Sun Jian had an uncle named Fang Yi.

History. There are also two sources of Sun Chang's surname: first, the surname existed in the Han Dynasty, and there are two articles about Sun Chang's surname in Hanshu Yiwenzhi Xiaojing; According to Hanshu Scholars, Sun Shun, a native of Zichuan (now Changle West, Shandong Province), once studied under Wang Ji and became a famous doctor for his erudition and versatility. Second, the Tuoba nationality originated from the Northern Wei Dynasty. "Wei Shu" said: "Emperor Xiaowen took Tuoba as the length of the royal branch and changed it to Sun Chang." Sun Chang Wuji, the eldest grandson of Emperor Taizong, is the heir. Another Zhou Shu records that Sun Jian, a native of Luoyang, Henan Province, is a Xianbei ethnic group.

Sun Shi. "Shi" was the lowest title in the pre-Qin period, and it was classified as "taking title as surname" in Tongzhi Genealogy. A textual research on surnames shows that in the Spring and Autumn Period, a scholar of Dr. Qi, Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong Twenty-five Years, said: Murder of Zhuang Gong, "Burying Sun" Du Note: "A man's surname is based on his first name." Li is a place where people live together. The names of people show that the gentry and grandchildren had a certain scale at that time. There were scholars Sun Zhang, Sun Mu and Sun Rui in Han Dynasty, and scholars Sun Tian and Yu in Northern Wei Dynasty.

Sun Shi Wuyuan (zt)

Wang. Judging from the surname of Ji, according to the genealogy, Dr. Zhou is the grandson of Wang, so he is called Wang, and later generations take this as their surname. In fact, there are many things about the Wangs, similar to the descendants of doctors, whose surnames are governors of various countries, and the descendants of Zhou Wang. Therefore, Wang Sun's family background comes from many sources, such as Jia, Wu Sun pp, Hui, You and so on. There is also Sun Jiashi, which is also directly derived from Wang Sunshi. According to Shiben, it was after Wang Sunjia, a doctor in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to Xing Yuan, his grandson changed from Away from the Royal Family to Sun Jiashi last week, and later changed to Ancient Sun Shi, and his pronunciation also changed. Then there is Gu, and Yuan He's usurper said, "Benji's family, the queen changed to Gu." Therefore, Wang Sunshi, Wang Wangshi and Gu are of the same ancestry.

History, according to Yuanhe's usurpation, gave the surname of Ji, the son of Feng. Later generations took the name of their ancestors as their surname. Zhong Sun's surname also originated from the word * * after Lu Gongzi called his father. Later, later generations took Zhong Sun as their surname. The surname test says: "Qi also has a surname." For example, Dr. Qi Huangong holds a bachelor's degree from Zhong Sun. The surname in Shiben is derived from Ji's surname. After the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu Gongzi became Ji's friend, and that was his family. Dr. Lu includes Fei, the father of Ji, Ji and so on. He also said that Sun Meng, Zhong Sun and Ji Sun had three sons, named Sun Meng, Zhong Sun and Ji Sun.

Sun Shi, usually regarded as the grandson of the royal family, is of the same blood as Sun Shi. The surname test says: "Sun Shi is the palace Sun Shi." There is a Sun Shi Palace in History of Han Art and Literature.

Sun Shi is the descendant of Sun Bo, the Great Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period.

In the Tang Dynasty, according to Shiben, the surname of Qi was Tang Hou, a descendant of Emperor Yao, and his descendants were named Tang. When Ji's surname was mentioned, it was named in the Tang Dynasty. After his death, his son Sun was called Tang.

County, according to the "History of Taoism", originated from the surname Mi, the public county of Chu.

According to the custom, the surname originated from Gui. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Chen Gongzi Zhu Sunshilu and his son P Sun were named after their ancestors. For example, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius' disciples had Zhuan Sun's surname.

According to the genealogy, Zang He's surname is Yi. Zang originated from Ji surname, and Lu Gongzi pp lived in Zang, and then in Zang. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Dr. Lu had Zang Sun Ge and Zang Xun. Yang Yi, Qin and jindun have, Qin has Yang.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Sun Shi among ethnic minorities

1, related ethnic groups in the north

Xianbei nationality, in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, galloped in the northern land of China and successively established the regimes of Yan Qian, Xiqin and Nanliang. According to the biography of Jin Shu Feng Ba, Sun Hu was ordered by the Northern Yan State to write a book, and he had two younger brothers, one named Chi Zhi and the other named Bai. The three of them are "all talented and brave." This country is dominated by Xianbei people. As can be seen from the names, the three brothers are by no means Han Chinese or Xianbei people. At that time, there were many generals named Sun in the former Yan State and the later Yan State of Murong in Xianbei, Liaodong. According to the Book of Jin, there are: Sun Ding, the former general of Yan State, General Anxi, and Sun Xi, the secretariat of Bing State; Hou Yan's state-owned general Sun Gai and others. Under such circumstances, it is estimated that Sun Hu, who is a virtuous man, did not like the original Xianbei surname, but changed it to Sun Shi. Under the influence of Han culture, Xianbei people gradually merged with Han people, and it is natural for some of them to change their surnames to Sun Shi.

The Qidan nationality, a branch of Xianbei, established the Yamato Tribal Alliance in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and later established the Daliao regime. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, Biography of the Northern Di, records that "there are different Tusi Cao in Qidan, and the records are doctor Lu of Jin Ziguang. In the fourth year of Wude, Mohong County Chief made a sudden envoy, and the imperial edict was placed next to Yingzhou City, and General Yunhui granted the governor of Liaozhou. To Sun Wanrong, at the beginning of the hanging arch, he was awarded the rank of general, returned to the city and state secretariat, and sealed Yongle County. " Cao and Sun Wanrong were the leaders of the Qidan tribe in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and this department was the predecessor of the secret department of Qidan in Liao history. Although Sun Wanrong won the official position, he was insulted by the local officials. It is to rise up against the Tang Dynasty and defeat the Tang soldiers repeatedly. Wu Zetian was called "Sun" and was finally defeated and killed. According to the Biography of Sun Xiaozhe in Old Tang Dynasty, Sun was a Khitan, and his mother had an affair with An Lushan, our ambassador in Fanyang. Because of her closeness, she became a general at the end of Tianbao (AD 755). During the An Shi Rebellion, he was placed in a prison in a temple and was crowned the throne. Cruelty leads to killing. It can be asserted that there were many Sun Shi among the Khitans in the Tang Dynasty. After Liao was destroyed by Jin, the Khitans gradually merged with Han, Jurchen and Mongolian.

Korean nationality, originating from the Korean peninsula, lives in Yanbian, Jilin, and is distributed in northeast China and other places. Today's Genealogy of Fushan Sun Shi records that during the Jin Dynasty, a member of Wu Dong Sun's family crossed the sea and moved to Sanhan (Mahan, Chen Han, Han Ge, present-day Korean Peninsula). According to the Biography of the Song Dynasty, there was a general named Sun Shu in Koguryo, who was estimated to be a descendant of Han Chinese who immigrated. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms written by Korean scholar Jin Fushi, Korean immigrants lived across the valley in the early Silla, which was composed of six parts, namely Yangshan Department of Suichuan and Shushan Department of Maoshan, all named Park. In the spring of this year, Wang Gai, the third generation of Silla, changed the names of six ministries and gave them surnames respectively. The Maoshan Tree Department was renamed the Gradually Beam Department and given the surname Sun. During the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian troops invaded Korea many times and sent a large number of Koreans to China. At the same time, some Koreans moved to China for other reasons. For example, at that time, a North Korean sun attacked the Qing Dynasty, and the official was from the Ministry of Rites. The Eight Banners Manchu Genealogy (Volume 73) contains the Korean surnames of Manchu banners, while the Tongzhi of Qing Dynasty (Volume 8) briefly introduces these clans. Manzhouli also has a Korean surname: Sun Shi, who lives in Wangjing.

5 Sun Shi Wuyuan (zt)

Today's Koreans all moved to the northeast of China in modern times, and some of them are surnamed Sun.

Jurchen and Manchu, mainly living in the northeast, scattered around after entering the customs, and established the Jin and Qing regimes. After the establishment of the Jin State, many Nuzhen moved to the Central Plains to live with the Han nationality, and gradually changed their surnames to the Han nationality under the influence of the Han culture. The Jin Dynasty ordered several times to forbid Nuzhen to change her surname to Han, but in fact, this trend of sinicization is unstoppable. After the demise of the Jin Dynasty, the Nuzhen people who did not change their Han surnames all changed their Han surnames. The manuscript "Epitaph of Lu Wengui's Sun Gong" recorded that Jurchen Wu Kexun was General Jin and lived in Daliang, Kyoto (now Kaifeng, Henan). After the defeat of Jin Wei, he moved to Daming, Hebei Province, "starting from Han Guan and taking Sun as his surname." There are three sons: Sun Xin, Sun Yi and Zhong Sun. Zhong Sun's eldest son, Sun Ze, is the tomb owner. This part of Jurchen Sun Shi was completely integrated into the Han nationality in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

During the reign of Yongzheng and Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners Manchu Genealogy compiled by Hongzhou and others, with volumes seventy-six and seventy-nine "Thought Banners", recorded the biographies of more than ten people named Sun who had made meritorious deeds, and the information that their family descendants had official positions, mainly living in Shenyang, Fushun, Tieling, Dalinghe and other places in Liaoning. In Tongzhi Genealogy of Qing Dynasty, there are also some Sun Shi people with "Manchu Banner Ni Kan surname" who live in Fushun, Gaixian and other areas in Liaoning. "Ni Kan" means "Han Chinese" in Manchu, but it refers to the Han surname in the Eight Banners of Manchuria, not the Eight Banners of the Han Army. Although the characters surnamed Sun are mostly descendants of the Han people, they may have been slaves of the Manchu people and belonged to a large number of Tu Ling who were filled by the Han people, but at this time, after all, they have merged with the Manchu people and belong to the Manchu banner. Under the influence of Han people entering the flag, they gradually migrated into the customs, and Manchu imitation of Han surname gradually became a common phenomenon. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the Guards commanded Li, who was written as "Sun Dali" or "Xun Dali" in some Manchu documents. The original surname is Lubuli, and he is from Zhenghuangqi. After the collapse of the Manchu government, most Manchu people merged with the Han nationality, and many of them changed their surnames to Sun Shi. For example, in the records of Manchu surnames, the original Manchu surname was "Sun Jia", and later the word "Sun" was used as the surname.

Mongolians mainly live in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia, but also scattered in the north. Ancient Mongolians did not have a strict surname, but they had clan names. In order to prevent name confusion, Mongolians keep the habit of taking their father's surname. However, from the Yuan Dynasty, under the influence of the Han people, many Mongolians switched to Chinese characters with single surnames, and gradually increased in the Ming Dynasty, especially in areas close to the Han people, in which Sun surnames were adopted. According to the Record of Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County, Heilongjiang Province, the name of the Mongolian household in this county is Sun.

Xibo nationality, in the Qing Dynasty, was once incorporated into the Eight Banners of Mongolia and later into the Eight Banners of Manchuria. Since then, Xibo people in Northeast China have lived together with Mongolian, Manchu and Han for a long time, and their culture has been greatly influenced, resulting in the surname Sun.

2. Relevant ethnic groups in the South

Hakka, a part of the northern Han nationality, merged with the local aborigines in Ganzhou, Jiangxi and Dingzhou, Fujian, and formed the Han nationality. Mainly descendants of northern immigrants who moved to southern Jiangxi and western Fujian in the late Tang Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty, they gradually contacted and merged with local aborigines and She nationality, and formed Hakka people with their own dialects and social customs in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. From the early Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Hakkas migrated to Meixian County and its surrounding areas in Guangdong Province. Because there are descendants of the Han nationality in the Central Plains among the Hakkas, they naturally have the lineage of the Han nationality Sun surname. Its Sun Shi celebrities are: Sun Quanmou is a Hakka in Changting, Fujian. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, he used martial arts as a weapon, was good at naval battles, arrested pirates, resisted the Japanese pirates and moved to Guangdong as a magistrate. The Sun Yat-sen family in Guangdong is also a Hakka. Sun Yat-sen said that he was a Hakka in Dongjiang, and his hometown used to live in Zijin County, Guangdong Province. Another example is the Hakka surname table in the genealogy of Shanghang County, Fujian Province, with the county number "Taiyuan" and "Le 'an".

Dai people are mainly distributed in Pingba area of Xishuangbanna, Dehong, Gengma and Menglian in Yunnan. Lin 'an County Chronicle of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty was edited by Jiang, the then magistrate, and contained in the Chronicle of Tusi (volume 18). In the early Ming Dynasty, most chiefs and village heads of ethnic minorities in this area were given Han surnames by the imperial court. For example, P "Kuirong Hall" "In the fifteenth year of Ming Hongwu, Tusi Ubana paid Sun's surname and granted Zhengchang a hereditary lawsuit." The imperial court named Sun Shi, the leader of Kuirong Hall in Lin 'an, Yunnan, and made him the viceroy. Tusi was proud of giving his surname, and his descendants followed Sun Shi until modern times. Apu's son took a short name, and his later lineage was Sun Lue-Sun Fan-Sun Wu Sun Qirong-Sun Yingshou-Sun Chengzu-Sun Jingyuan-Sun Dachang-Sun Yongzuo-Sun Shiqi-Sun (younger brother)-Sun Rong-Sun Tingdui-Sun Han-Sun Anguo-Sun Yinzong. The position of a leading official was changed from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, and then to a deputy leading official, until Sun Yinzong came to power in 1923. The chief of this department is Dai, Hani is the majority, followed by Yi and Dai. At that time, chiefs' surnames were often inherited, so giving surnames would have an impact on Hani and other ethnic groups. The newly usurped Tongzhi Tusi Kao 'an House in Yunnan has the title of "Sun, Director of Shanghe Kuirong". However, Kuirongdian is now the deficit-making capacity in the southeast of Honghe County.

Sun Shi Wuyuan (zt)

Li people live in Hainan Island. Chapter 7 of the History of Wu Li Nationality, Li Nationality in Ming Dynasty, contains a list of Li surnames. There are 183 people whose names can be tested, including Sun Zi, who appeared in Ding 'an in the 27th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1599), and The Monument to the Future of Shui Hui Ping Li. Li nationality in Hainan is divided into raw Li nationality and cooked Li nationality, and the cooked Li nationality has a high degree of sinicization, and a considerable part of them come from Han immigrants. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhou Qufei's Answer to the Generation Outside the Ridge said, "Knowing Li well is also a traitor of Fujian, Hunan and Guangzhou." It is speculated that Sun, the leader of Li in Ding 'an, Ming Dynasty, was the familiar Li of Han immigrants.

Miao people are distributed in Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guangdong and other places. Shi Qigui's "Report on the Field Investigation of Miao Nationality in Xiangxi" points out that there are five major surnames of Miao nationality: Wu, Long, Liao, Shi and Ma, and dozens of minor surnames such as Sun. Ling Chunsheng and others also pointed out in the Investigation Report of Miao Nationality in Xiangxi that pure Miao nationality has five surnames, and others, such as Yang, Shi, Peng, Zhang and Hong, are all surnames adopted by their children. Sun Ziran belongs to the latter. In the twenty-seventh year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty (1847), one of the Miao uprising leaders in Ganzhou (now Jishou, Xiangxi, Hunan) rebelled with Shi and Yang, and was besieged and killed by officers and men.

Tujia people are distributed in western Hunan and eastern Henan, and live together with Han Miao. Tujia nationality in Hunan was deeply influenced by China culture in Song Dynasty. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were many Chinese writings of local officials in the rabbit family. Under this premise, it is natural for Tujia people to use Han surname, and some people gradually adopt Sun surname.

Jingpo nationality is mainly distributed in Dehong Autonomous Prefecture and its surrounding areas. Among the 26 most popular surnames in this family, Ge Liang's surname originated the earliest, and many other surnames evolved from him. In modern times, influenced by Chinese culture, the Han surname was renamed Sun. There are other small surnames, such as Tuyin, Muru and Lasong, whose Han surname is also Sun. For example, a social survey of Jingpo people in Bangjiao Township, lianghe county, Yunnan Province (I) shows that Jingpo people are a big stockade with 42 families and more than 200 people. Due to the influence of surrounding culture, every Jingpo ethnic group has a Han surname besides its own ethnic name, and its "blocking" ethnic group is called Sun.