The development of equipment manufacturing industry is inseparable from product research and development and design. The design of mechanical products is changing from traditional design mode to modern design mode. Modern design is characterized by the wide application of computer technology and the application of comprehensive technologies such as intelligent design, digital design, network design, green design and system design. The editing and publishing of mechanical design manual fully embodies the characteristics of modern design and is an indispensable tool and means for modern design.
Under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development and the concept of independent innovation design, this edition of the manual has been greatly revised and supplemented, which provides a guarantee for the independent innovation design of modern mechanical products in China. For example, the manual focuses on the green design, harmonious design and system design of products, and also introduces the innovative design of products, which is beneficial for product designers to adopt the contents and methods introduced in the manual for product development.
This edition of the manual summarizes a large number of original data and design materials, as well as the technical standards that must be adopted in product design, and also introduces many indispensable related design knowledge in design. Therefore, it can be said that the manual is a necessary database and knowledge base for designers in the process of product design. At present, it has become a "sharp weapon" for product research and development and an important design tool that other design tools can't replace, and will play an active role not only now but also in the future.
This manual systematically describes the main technical contents of mechanical design specialty, and summarizes the achievements and experiences in China's mechanical field since the founding of New China. The editor of this manual has studied many new contents. In addition, it has absorbed some advanced foreign science and technology, which is rich in content and practical. After the first four editions were published, they received great attention and praise from all walks of life. As a national key science and technology book and the most authoritative large-scale reference book in the field of mechanical engineering, it has won the second prize of national excellent books, the second prize of scientific and technological progress of the Ministry of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, and the national excellent science and technology bestseller award. It was published by Taiwan Province Jian Hong Publishing House with the number 1994, which plays a very important role in the design of mechanical products. At present, it has become a necessary reference book for various industries, especially the technical department of machinery industry.
In the revision process of this edition of the manual, we strive to implement the guiding ideology of "scientific, advanced, practical and reliable". Extensive research has been made on the use and opinions of factories, mines, design institutes, scientific research institutes and universities. The basic content, classic content and traditional content of mechanical design are deeply and systematically integrated from the aspects of material selection, design method and calculation flow, design examples and so on. At the same time, the new theories, methods, new materials, new processes, new structures, new products and new technologies of mechanical design at home and abroad are comprehensively summarized, especially in the aspects of product comprehensive design theory and method, mechatronics, automatic control technology of mechanical system and so on. I believe this manual will be presented to readers with a new look. It will play a positive role in improving the design level of China's mechanical products, promoting the research and development of new products, the transformation of old products, and the introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation of products, thus promoting China's transformation from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power.
This edition is divided into 6 volumes and 52 articles. Volume 1: common design data; Volume II: Design of mechanical parts (connection, fastening and transmission); Volume III: Design of mechanical parts (shafting, support and others); Volume iv: fluid transmission and control: volume v: electromechanical integration and control technology; Book VI: Modern Design Theory and Method. In the process of compiling, implement and adopt the latest technical standards and new international standards, enrich and update the technical content to the maximum extent, condense and summarize the latest achievements and experiences of mechanical design, try to absorb advanced foreign science and technology, strive to reflect the latest level of contemporary mechanical design and better serve modern mechanical design; In the process of selecting materials, the introduction of basic principles should be compressed as much as possible to avoid the narrative mode of textbooks in manuals, with special emphasis on the design process of manuals and tables. Delete some unnecessary contents, as well as research contents with relatively narrow application and not yet used in practice. Strive to make the contents of each chapter constitute an organic whole, take into account the systematicness of each chapter and the unity of the whole book, and avoid unnecessary repetition as much as possible; In the design and calculation of each part, the structure diagram and application examples should be added. When designing and selecting parts, the structure, installation dimensions and main technical parameters of optional products should be provided appropriately to create convenient conditions for design and selection. All calculation methods and data should be accurate, reliable and correct, and it is important to indicate the source; Try to combine data and tables with similar standards and write them in the form of double-column typesetting and abstract, so as to make the manual less in length and more in content.
Based on the previous four editions, the fifth edition of the Manual has been revised in the following aspects:
First of all, in the implementation and popularization of standardization technology,
All contents of the manual implement and adopt the latest national standards, industry standards and relevant new international standards published before 20 10 and 1, and enrich and update the standardized technical contents to the maximum extent. This revision is the biggest of all previous revisions. For example, there are 162 standards for mechanical engineering materials and 150 standards for fluid transmission and control. Many alternative standards are important standards in the mechanical industry, such as GB/T 786. 1-2009 Graphical Symbols and Circuits of Fluid Transmission Systems and Components, GB/T10095.1-2-2008 Cylindrical Gear Precision System and GB/Z/KL.
Second, in terms of new design and calculation methods.
According to GB/T 3480.1~ 5—1997 Calculation Method of Involute Cylindrical Gear and GB/T10300.1~ 3—2003 Calculation Method of Bevel Gear, a practical and reasonable gear design system is reconstructed. According to the simplified calculation of preliminarily determined dimensions, simplified fatigue strength check calculation and general fatigue strength check calculation, the design and calculation methods of cylindrical gear and bevel gear are arranged to meet the gear design requirements of different occasions and requirements. The contents of tooth profile modification and tooth top modification are added, and the calculation formula of tooth profile modification and the determination method of tooth profile modification amount are given.
According to the latest national standard GB/T 17587.4 ~ 5—2008, the selection, evaluation and calculation methods of ball screw drive are updated.
According to the latest development of mechanism, considering the rapid development and application of parallel robots and parallel machine tools in recent years, a new chapter is specially written, including kinematics and dynamics analysis of parallel robots and parallel machine tools, types and application selection of typical parallel robots and parallel machine tools. This is the first time in a large tool book. The concept and expression of mechanism system scheme are added, and typical examples are given, which plays a comprehensive role in mechanism design and selection.
Third, in terms of new materials, new components and new products.
In terms of new materials, new engineering materials-titanium and titanium alloys are blended, which have the advantages of low density, high melting point, high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, good high and low temperature characteristics, good biocompatibility and good shape memory characteristics, and have important applications in equipment manufacturing in aerospace, marine development, chemical industry, metallurgy, biotechnology, automotive engineering, food, light industry and other industrial and technical fields. Known as "2 1 century green materials", magnesium and magnesium alloys have unique advantages in light weight, specific strength, thermal conductivity, vibration reduction, energy storage, machinability, dimensional stability and recyclability. The grades and chemical compositions of stainless steel and heat-resistant steel in GB/T 20878-2007 were compiled. This standard is a brand-new standard, which stipulates that the chemical composition of 143 brand and the physical performance parameters of some brands are compared with those of domestic and foreign standard brands, but it has not been compiled into various manuals.
In terms of new parts and products, in the reducer and transmission part, the planar double enveloping hourglass worm reducer (GB/T 16444—2008), the new cone-disk ring-disk CVT and XZW planetary cone-wheel CVT have been added, and the related design data of the new metal belt CVT for high-end cars have been compiled in the big tool book for the first time.
The volume "Fluid Transmission and Control" has been greatly updated in content and products, and has been included in the newly developed components in hydraulic and pneumatic fields, providing comprehensive technical support for the design, operation and maintenance of fluid transmission and control systems. In order to meet the needs of users at different levels, domestic mainstream brands (including Hewlett-Packard, a well-known brand in Taiwan Province Province) and internationally renowned brands have been introduced, such as German (Rexroth), American (Vexcor), Japanese (Oil Research Institute) and Italian (Atos) brand products in hydraulic transmission. German (Fosto) and American (Moog, Vickers, Dowry) brand products in hydraulic control system; German (Fosto) and Japanese (SMC) pneumatic transmission brand products.
It incorporates the latest hydraulic components with broad application prospects-threaded cartridge valve series products, and adds related new products such as hydraulic servo cylinders, and greatly increases the latest hydraulic accessories with strong adaptability. Vacuum components commonly used in pneumatic systems are added, such as vacuum generator made according to the principle of airflow injection.
Fourthly, in the aspect of mechatronics design and control technology
The combination of mechanical technology and electronic technology has become the mainstream and development trend of equipment manufacturing industry at present, and electromechanical integration is one of the important typical characteristics of modern machinery and technology. In order to adapt to the application of mechatronics technology, this edition of the manual has rearranged and enriched this aspect, and devoted a volume to a more systematic and comprehensive description of mechatronics and control technology.
In the chapter of mechatronics technology and design, the technical points of five components of typical mechatronics products are written as the main line, and the content is organized with product design as the background, and several comprehensive design examples are written.
Robot is the most remarkable modern mechanical system of mechatronics. This paper introduces the ontology, drive, control, sensing and other technologies in industrial robot technology from a practical point of view, and introduces the typical applications of robots in combination with spraying, handling, welding, stamping and die casting. In addition, the practicability of vision robot and intelligent robot is introduced.
Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) is a new technology that appeared in the middle and late 1980s. It is the intersection of microelectronics, mechanical technology, biology, physics, chemistry and other disciplines. It is not only one of the frontier directions of the development of mechanical discipline, but also gradually formed an industry. For the first time in a large tool book, I wrote a special article on MEMS in line with the development trend of high technology. This paper mainly studies MEMS manufacturing technology and design technology.
Laser processing has become an effective and important advanced manufacturing technology. Based on the latest achievements of laser processing technology, the manual compiles the principles, processes and applications of various laser processing, including the application in drilling, cutting, welding, quenching, cladding and alloying, as well as the safety protection in laser processing.
At the same time, electromechanical system control, numerical control technology, mechanical condition monitoring and fault diagnosis technology, motors, electrical appliances and common sensors. , be compiled, simplify principles, highlight applications, expand examples and cite the latest achievements.
The fifth is to concentrate and popularize modern design theories and methods.
In view of the diversity and complexity of new methods and technologies of modern mechanical product design, this edition of the manual focuses on the overall goal of modern mechanical product design and the establishment of a new system of design methods, and systematically summarizes and introduces product design theories and methods from the perspectives of advanced, systematic and practical. According to the new classification, this edition of the manual has compiled 2 1 modern design methods, which can be said to be the complete works of modern design methods.
In the summary of modern design theories and methods, the general development trend of machinery and mechanical manufacturing technology, the main internationally influential design theories and methods, the general process and key issues of product research and development, the development of modern design theories and the selection of design theories and methods according to different design objectives are introduced. For the first time, the theory and method of product design are classified by the method of system engineering, which overcomes the lack of systematic description of product design theory and method at present.
Innovative design is an important technology and method to improve the competitiveness of modern electromechanical products. On the basis of briefly introducing the basic theory, innovative thinking and innovative technology of innovative design, this paper introduces the systematic methods of innovative design, such as scenario analysis, ideal design, technological evolution and prediction in innovative design, conflict and conflict resolution principle, and material field model method based on the internationally famous invention problem solving theory (TRIZ). This paper introduces 29 innovative thinking methods, 30 innovative technologies and 40 principles of invention and creation, and develops innovative design ideas through a large number of application examples.
Green design is an important technical means to achieve low resource consumption, low environmental impact and low-carbon economy. This paper systematically discusses the concept, theory, methods and key technologies of green design. Based on the author's research practice for many years, referring to a large number of domestic and foreign documents and their latest research results, this paper systematically and concisely discusses green design by introducing the concept of green design, material selection, disassembly and recycling product design, packaging design, energy-saving design, green design system and evaluation method, and gives typical cases of green design in the above aspects. This is the first time that the reference book comprehensively and systematically discusses green design, which has a guiding role in the universal implementation of engineering green design.
Based on the principle of conciseness and practicality, this edition of the manual comprehensively revised and enriched mature modern design methods and technologies such as vibration design and noise control of mechanical systems, finite element design of mechanical structures, fatigue strength design, reliability design, optimization design and computer-aided design, absorbed the latest research results and added a series of application examples. For example, equivalent linearization and multi-scale methods in nonlinear systems are added to the vibration design and noise control of mechanical systems; The mechanical reliability design chapter includes the latest achievements such as the theory and method of mechanism motion reliability design, reliability sensitivity analysis method and so on. In the chapter of mechanical optimization design, new contents such as fuzzy optimization design have been added.
In addition, cutting-edge methods in the field of mechanical system design are introduced in practice, such as conceptual design, virtual design, intelligent design, concurrent design and collaborative design, reverse design, rapid response design, axiomatic design and QFD design, and harmonious design, so as to further expand the design ideas.
In the last article of this edition, the comprehensive design method of modern electromechanical products is systematically introduced. This method is a deep-seated product comprehensive design theory and method based on system engineering. It takes product functional design, performance design and product quality inspection and evaluation as its basic objectives, and divides the product design process into four stages: preparation stage, planning stage, implementation stage and design quality inspection stage. The complete technical system of comprehensive design method consists of 3I investigation in preparation stage, 7D planning in planning stage, 1+3+X comprehensive design in implementation stage and 3A inspection in design quality inspection stage. This edition of the manual systematically discusses the design method for the first time and gives a large-scale comprehensive application example.
In order to facilitate coordination, improve quality and speed up the compilation of this edition of the manual, the editors are mainly teachers from Northeastern University. Tsinghua University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zhejiang University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Tianjin University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Xi Jiaotong University, Dalian University of Technology, Southeast University, Tongji University, Chongqing University, Shanghai University, Hefei University of Technology, Dalian Jiaotong University, Suzhou University, Xi University of Architecture and Technology, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang Gong Li University, Chongqing University of Technology, Institute of Mechanical Science, Shenyang Institute of Automation, China Academy of Sciences, Experts and scholars from Changchun Institute of Precision Mechanical Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Institute of General Machinery, Shenyang Hydraulic Parts Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Dalian Hydraulic Transmission Machinery Factory, Tianjin Construction Machinery Research Institute and other units attended.
On the occasion of the publication of the fifth edition of this manual, I would like to pay high tribute to Professor Xu Hao, the founder, editor-in-chief and famous mechanic of the previous editions of this manual, to Professor Qiu Xuanhuai, Professor Cai Chunyuan, Professor Yan Juanqi, Professor Lin Zhongqin, Professor, Chief Engineer and Professor Zhou Shichang, and to express my heartfelt thanks to the units and personnel who participated in the compilation of the previous editions of this manual. I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to the units and friends from all walks of life who gave great support in the process of compiling and publishing the manual, especially to the General Institute of Mechanical Science, Zhengzhou Machinery Research Institute, Shenyang Aluminum-Magnesium Design and Research Institute, northern heavy industries Group Shenyang Heavy Machinery Group Co., Ltd., Shenyang Mining Machinery Group Co., Ltd., Shenyang Machine Tool Group Co., Ltd., Shenyang Blower Group Co., Ltd. and Shenyang Branch of National Standards Museum for their great support.
Due to the limited level, it is inevitable that there are some unsatisfactory places in the manual. Please criticize and correct me.