Putonghua test
introduce
According to the provisions of relevant national documents, the following persons born after 1946 1 year 10 and aged 18 (individuals can relax to 16) shall take the Putonghua proficiency test:
Primary and secondary school teachers
Teachers in secondary normal schools and liberal arts teachers in colleges and universities
Normal college graduates (in colleges and universities, liberal arts graduates are the first)
Teachers and graduates from radio and television, film, drama, foreign languages, tourism and other institutions and secondary vocational schools.
Announcers and presenters of radio and television stations at all levels
Professionals engaged in film, TV series, drama performance and film and television dubbing.
Other personnel who should accept the Putonghua proficiency test and those who voluntarily sign up for the Putonghua proficiency test.
Professional standards
According to the regulations of various industries, the standard requirements for the Putonghua level of relevant employees are as follows:
The Putonghua level of teachers in primary and secondary schools, kindergartens and off-campus education units is not lower than Grade II, among which Chinese teachers are not lower than Grade 2A and Putonghua phonetic teachers are not lower than Grade I; The putonghua level of teachers in colleges and universities is not lower than Grade III A, among which modern Chinese teachers are not lower than Grade II A, and Putonghua phonetic teachers are not lower than Grade I A; The Putonghua level of teachers of Chinese as a foreign language should be no less than Grade 2.
Those who apply for the qualification of teachers in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens shall have a level of Putonghua of not less than two.
Students in normal schools and vocational schools at all levels, which are closely related to oral expression, have a Putonghua level of not less than Grade 2.
National civil servants, the level of Putonghua is not lower than Grade III A. ..
The announcers and presenters of national and provincial radio stations and television stations shall have the first-class standard of Putonghua, and the standard requirements of announcers and presenters of other radio stations and television stations shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television.
Performers and voice actors of drama, film, TV series and radio drama, teachers and students majoring in broadcasting, hosting and film and television performance, the level of Putonghua is not lower than the first level.
Putonghua level of people in specific positions in the public service industry (such as broadcasters, commentators, telephone operators, etc.). ) shall not be lower than level 2.
The upper age limit of those who should reach the standard of Putonghua is subject to the documents of relevant industries.
Grade standard
The Grade Standard of Putonghua Proficiency Test promulgated by the State Language Committee is a unified national standard for grading Putonghua proficiency. Putonghua level is divided into three levels and six levels, namely, one, two and three levels, and each level is divided into two levels: A and B; The first grade is the highest and the third grade is the lowest. Candidates' Putonghua level is determined according to the test results.
The standard of Putonghua proficiency test is as follows:
Level a
When reading aloud and talking freely, the pronunciation standard, vocabulary and grammar are correct, the tone is natural and the expression is smooth. The total loss rate is less than 3%.
When reading aloud and talking freely, the pronunciation standard, vocabulary and grammar are correct, the tone is natural and the expression is smooth. Occasionally there will be mistakes in pronunciation and tone. The total loss rate is less than 8%.
assistant
When reading aloud and talking freely in senior one, the pronunciation of phonology is basically standard, the tone is natural and the expression is smooth. Several difficult pronunciations (flat tongue, front and back nasal sounds, lateral nasal sounds, etc.). ) sometimes I make mistakes. Lexical and grammatical errors are rare. The total loss rate is within 13%.
When reading aloud and speaking freely, individual values are not accurate, and vowel pronunciation is not in place. There are many difficult sounds (flat tongue, front and back nasal sounds, lateral nasal sounds, Fu Hu, z-zh -j, aspirated but not aspirated, i- ü undifferentiated, voiced stops reserved, voiced stops fricative, voiced stops lost, vowels monosyllabic, etc.). ), and there are many mistakes. Dialect intonation is not obvious, and sometimes dialect words and dialect grammar are used. The total loss rate is less than 20%.
Three levels
When reading aloud and talking freely in senior one, there are many mistakes in vowel pronunciation, and it is difficult to exceed the common range and the tone value is not accurate. Dialect intonation is obvious. There are mistakes in vocabulary and grammar. The total loss rate is less than 30%.
When reading aloud and talking freely in class B, there are many pronunciation errors in pronunciation and intonation, and the dialect features are prominent. Dialect intonation is obvious. There are many mistakes in vocabulary and grammar. Outsiders can't understand his conversation. The total loss rate is less than 40%.
Test outline
The Putonghua Proficiency Test Outline promulgated by the State Language Committee is a unified national Putonghua Proficiency Test Outline. The contents of the Putonghua proficiency test paper all come from the outline.
The contents of PSC outline include:
1, Putonghua pronunciation analysis, concise and accurate description and introduction of Putonghua pronunciation, in order to guide readers to learn Putonghua. This part of the content does not belong to the scope of testing.
2. Common words (thesaurus) are provided, which are arranged in table 1 and table 2. Table 1 is compiled according to some words in the Syllabus of Chinese Proficiency Vocabulary and Chinese Character Grades published by the Office of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language and the Chinese Proficiency Examination Department, with a total of ***8455 items. Table 2 selects some common words in Modern Chinese Dictionary compiled by the Dictionary Editorial Office of Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, *** 15496. These words can basically meet the needs of general oral communication and correct reading of general written materials, and are one of the testing fields. During the test, there are two test items: reading monosyllabic words and reading disyllabic words. Among them, 60% of the words are selected from table 1 and 40% from table 2.
3. Some common words and short sentences that are inconsistent with Mandarin in dialect areas are provided. In the test, some parts are selected to evaluate the examinee's mastery of Chinese vocabulary.
4. Provide 50 reading materials numbered 1-50 in turn for reading test. During the exam, candidates randomly selected 2 numbers, of which 1 was determined for the exam.
5. List the question 1-50 as an oral test topic. During the test, the examinee randomly selects two numbers and determines 1 topic for oral test.
6. In the general introduction, the Outline of Putonghua Proficiency Test also expounds the requirements and characteristics of Putonghua Proficiency Test, and stipulates the requirements for writing test papers and the scoring method of Putonghua Proficiency Test. Therefore, those who take part in the Putonghua proficiency test must first learn and master the contents of the outline and carry out necessary training before they can take the test according to the basic conditions.
Introduction of test paper
The Putonghua proficiency test paper consists of five test items, with a total score of 100.
(1), read 100 monosyllabic words for 3 minutes, accounting for 10. Objective To investigate the pronunciation of initials, finals and tones in Mandarin.
(2) Read 50 disyllabic words in 3 minutes, accounting for 20 points. Objective To examine not only the pronunciation of tone, rhyme and tone of candidates, but also the pronunciation of tone sandhi, rhyme and light tone.
(3) The judgment test is limited to 3 minutes, accounting for 10. The purpose is to test the examinee's mastery of vocabulary and grammar in Putonghua.
(4) Read a 400-word essay, with a time limit of 4 minutes, accounting for 30 points. The purpose is to examine the ability of candidates to read written materials in Putonghua, focusing on pronunciation, inflection and intonation.
(5) Speak for at least 3 minutes, accounting for 30 points. The purpose is to examine the standard degree of candidates who speak Mandarin without written support.
grade certificate
Candidates who pass the examination can obtain the national Putonghua proficiency test grade certificate. The national Putonghua proficiency test grade certificate shall be uniformly produced by the State Language Committee. Candidates' test scores and corresponding grades will be recorded on the certificate. The certificate is national and valid for 5 years. After the expiration of the validity period, a new grade certificate needs to be obtained through testing.
Registration process
The city test center organizes the Putonghua proficiency test for announcers, program hosts and people from all walks of life who voluntarily accept the Putonghua proficiency test.
The radio and television system announcer, program host Putonghua test by the administrative department of radio and television unified organization registration; Non-unified organizations organize Putonghua proficiency tests for people from all walks of life every two months, and candidates themselves register at the Municipal Testing Center. When registering, you should bring your ID card, work permit (student ID) and a recent two-inch bareheaded registration photo.
The Office of the Language and Literature Working Committee of each district and county (hereinafter referred to as the Language Committee Office) organizes teachers and other relevant personnel in this district and county to conduct Putonghua proficiency tests, generally twice a year. Before the exam, the district and county language Committee office will register at the city test center.
Special reminder: According to the document of the State Language Committee, those who sign up for the Putonghua proficiency test must not have taken the Putonghua proficiency test in the first five months. In other words, the interval between two Putonghua proficiency tests should not be less than 5 months.
Outline of putonghua proficiency test
Test scope and test method:
range
* * * Shandong Provincial Language and Literature Working Committee compiled "50 sets of Putonghua proficiency tests in Shandong Province".
Mode:
* * * Four parts:
1, read 100 monosyllabic words, *** 10.
2, read 50 disyllabic words, ***20 points.
3. Read aloud (selected by lot) ***30 points.
4. Oral English (choose topics by drawing lots) ***40 points
Test grade standard
* * * is divided into three levels. Each grade is divided into two grades, and students in our school must meet the second-class and above standards.
Scoring rules and test-taking skills
(1) Test of words with flat syllables (10)
Objective: To investigate the pronunciation of initials, finals and tones of candidates.
Scoring rules: the content is scored as *** 10. Deduct 0. 1 point for each mispronounced sound, vowel or tone, and deduct 0.05 point for each word with defective pronunciation.
Candidates can read it again if they make a mistake.
Definition of errors and defects:
(1), error: read one initial, vowel and tone into another sound or rhyme, or read it according to the pronunciation of the dialect.
For example: initial consonant error: such as reading Z C S as ZH CH SH or ZH CH SH as Z C S, etc. Vowel errors: for example, pronounce O as E (bo-be) and ing eng ong as ying-yong. Tone error: Putonghua has four tones, so it is wrong for candidates to keep the dialect tone.
(2) Defect: refers to the transitional state of one or more syllable components in syllable pronunciation from dialect to Mandarin. (that is, although it is not pronounced as another, the pronunciation position is not accurate)
Initial defects: For example, after the tip of the tongue sounds zh, ch and sh, although it is not pronounced as before the tip of the tongue sounds Z, C and S, the pronunciation position is too high, which is quite different from the pronunciation value of the initial in Mandarin. When reading, the tongue sounds j, q, x are too close to z, c, s, and the tip of the tongue rubs. Such as Penglai, Weihai and Wendeng: essence (spirit), (interest) and attraction (appearance).
Vowel defect: For example, the tongue movement of polyphonic vowels is obviously insufficient, which does not reflect the sliding process. (that is, the vowel gradual change is not enough in the process of compounding, which saves some pronunciation changes. ) such as cotton-padded jacket (-ao-[]) to (-ao-[])
Tone defect: I can basically read the tone pattern of four tones in Mandarin, but the tone pattern is not in place, obviously low or high, and I can't clearly read the tone contrast of ordinary high and low rises and falls. According to the examination rules, a single-byte word cannot enter the first level if its total score is 1. )
(2). Disyllabic word test (20 points)
1. Objective: To investigate the examinee's mastery of sound, rhyme and tone, and the tone sandhi of soft tone, Hua Er and tone sandhi.
2. Scoring rules: 0.2 points will be deducted for each mispronounced syllable and 0. 1 point for each pronunciation defect. (The total score of this content is 2 points, so you can't enter the first level. The definitions of errors and defects in disyllabic words are the same as those in monosyllabic words.
3. On Tone sandhi, Er Hua and Tone sandhi;
(A) softly: in a certain language environment. Some syllables lose their original tone and become light and short tones, which is light tone. Light tone is a sound change phenomenon when music is read continuously.
Read aloud softly in the following situations:
A. structural auxiliary words: "yes, yes, yes" Example: Our writing is good and happy.
B. Tense auxiliary words: "Laugh, learn and walk".
C. Mood particle: "You are, you are, you are, you are, you are, you are, you are, you are, you are, you are, you are, are you eating?"
D examples of suffixes of nouns or pronouns "zi, tou and men": table, stone and them.
The trend verb "come, go, get up and go down" after the e verb or adjective: come in, go out, stand up, please come in.
F. The locative words "up, down, inside, edge and face" after nouns or pronouns: wall, underground and home.
G The second syllable of overlapping words and the second and fourth syllables of overlapping verbs. Example: Look, Dad, discuss.
(2) Erhua: The roll vowel er in Mandarin can be combined with other vowels to form a roll vowel, which is called Erhua. Er Hua in Er Hua rhyme is not pronounced Er Hua, but only a tongue rolling action is attached to the front vowel to make the vowel have a tongue rolling sound. Example: Flowers-HUAR Songs-GER (generally, anything with the word "er" can be changed into a child. Monosyllabic words have no children)
Tone sandhi: Tone sandhi changes when syllables are pronounced continuously.
A: tone sandhi:
The two parts are connected, and the first part is flattened: very good, very skillful.
When the three parts are connected, the first two parts are flattened: the speech.
Three or more are connected, first divided into two words or three words, and then modulated by the above method: "Please buy me five paper umbrellas."
The upper voice becomes the first half of the upper voice: North, read aloud.
Softly before the festival, the upper voice becomes half or close to the upper voice: Sister, Miss,
B: the tone sandhi of "one":
Monosyllabic reading, or at the end of a sentence, means ordinal number, cardinal number or other numerals are, reading tone: first.
Read the rising tone first and then go to the sound: definitely, everything.
Pronunciation before reading non-pronunciation: one heart, one year, together.
Read aloud softly in overlapping verbs: listen and see.
Tone sandhi of "no":
Read aloud, or read a semitone at the end of a sentence or before an unvoiced sound: no, you shouldn't.
Read Yangping before you go to the sound: no, it's not bad.
Read softly between the lines: almost, too late
(3) Reading aloud (30 points)
Objective: To investigate the standardization process of written language reading in Putonghua. Examination items include: language, language flow, tone sandhi, intonation, etc.
Requirements: Read articles correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.
Scoring rules: deduct 0. 1 for each pronunciation error, 0. 1 for missing a word, 1-3 for dialect intonation, 1-2 for incoherent language or improper speech speed, 1 for reciting once, and score the following three times according to language errors.
(4) Oral English (40 points)
Objective: To investigate the standardization and fluency of candidates' spoken Mandarin.
Content: draw lots to determine the topic, the time is 4 minutes, not less than 3 minutes.
Scoring rules: language appearance ***25 points, divided into 5 grades, vocabulary and grammar norms * * 10 points, divided into 3 grades, natural fluency ***5 points, divided into 3 grades.
(Pay attention to colloquialism and don't emphasize the logic of the content)
Sample questions of Putonghua proficiency test in Shandong Province
Read 100 monosyllabic words.
Kill the crane's mole with its tongue, and catch Ruochi Ping.
Pick a concave shower slot for the two gill cotton butcher, facing the cavity.
Flexible alley, bubble handle, lotus root hydrogen axis, ventral shore
Crying in the blue building, judging rough and forbearing, hiding in the jar in the afternoon and spinning.
Hang busy, play with hate, occupy the rope, and kick the nightmare.
Sui drama is drowned, and the cheeks are covered with garlic.
Dad, Shun, broke his watch, hurried to repair it, and ran into nine children's breasts.
Convince Confucius, Xu Rongjun, Weng Lvlue and Qun Song to dig up General Xun.
The book of the poor traveler
Read 50 disyllabic words
The counter-current railway in Wonderful Basin is very strong.
Coagulation contour is actually slightly drinking.
The poor donated a lot of francs to answer the call.
Reflect some exercises in the north of the date. don't worry
Many children, ordinary relatives, hold on a little.
Lecture promotion, public materials, sharing weal and woe.
Make a fuss about trivial confessions and urge aunt
Guess, cheat, fiasco, dumbfounded, dead buckle
Embassy premature delivery
read aloud
The rain gradually died down, and clear light came in from behind the curtains. Open the window and have a look, ah! The clouds are gone, and the residual water droplets on the leaves reflect the moon, flashing and moving like a thousand fluorescent spots. -I didn't expect such a beautiful picture after the bitter rain!
Standing in front of the window for a while, I felt slightly cold. When I turned around, I was dazzled. Everything else in the room is hidden in a faint mist, only the angel in the picture on the wall is immersed in a faint light. -angels in white, holding flowers, holding wings, smiled at me.
"This smile seems to have been seen somewhere. When have I ever seen ┈ ┈ "I unconsciously sat under the window and thought quietly.
The closed heart curtain slowly opened, pouring out an impression of five years ago. A long ancient road. The mud under the donkey's feet is slippery. The water in the ditch gurgled. The green trees in the nearby village are shrouded in wet smoke. Bowed crescent moon, hanging in the treetops. Walking, there seems to be a child on the side of the road, holding a pile of white things. The donkey passed by with no intention of turning back. He smiled at me barefoot with flowers in his arms.
"This smile seems to have been seen somewhere", I still want to-silently.
Another curtain of gravity appeared, which slowly opened and poured out the impression of ten years ago. -the rain under the eaves falls on Mao's clothes drop by drop. The blisters on the edge of the earth steps are turning. The wheat ridge and grape trellis in front of the door are very bright and yellow. (Excerpted from Bing Xin's laughter)
Speech (choose a topic for 3-4 minutes)
Views on "Holiday Economy"
My reading life