Developed countries such as Japan and the United States pay more attention to sports and the all-round development of people than China, unlike China.

The following excerpts hope to help you.

Introduction of PE Elective Courses in Japanese and American Senior High Schools

First, the Japanese high school leisure courses designated elective

In the prescribed physical education class, students are allowed to choose one or several sports to participate in the study according to a certain proportion of class hours. This limited elective course can also be called designated elective course.

1968, designated elective textbooks began to appear in the physical education syllabus of senior high schools in Japan. This kind of teaching materials accounts for 50-60% of the total teaching hours, and every student is required to participate, but the optional items can be selected within the prescribed scope, and the elective items are arranged in three physical education class classes every week.

Japan 1968 high school sports class time distribution is as follows:

Compulsory courses: gymnastics, equipment, track and field, swimming, male 30-40%, female 30-40%.

Designated elective courses: the first elective courses for boys are fighting (15-20%) and ball games (20-30%); The second elective content is elective (15-20%). The first elective courses for girls are ball games (20-30%) and dance (15-20%); The second elective content is optional (10— 15%).

Theory: Male and female account for 10% respectively.

In the designated elective textbooks, both men and women include ball games. Students can choose one or two of basketball, volleyball, handball, football, baseball and rugby in the whole three-year study.

In the designated elective teaching materials, arrange girls to dance and boys to fight. Boys can choose one of kendo, judo and wrestling during their three-year study.

In the above-mentioned elective textbooks, teachers teach according to their own expertise. When making teaching plans, unit plans are generally adopted, and the organizational form of teaching classes has also changed greatly. Generally, it is necessary to disrupt the boundaries of several parallel classes and rearrange the classes according to the sports chosen by the students. This kind of class arrangement must require that several parallel classes be arranged in the same class hour.

In the process of physical education curriculum reform in Japan, the syllabus has been revised many times. The latest outline was released in Showa 53 (1978) on August 30th and implemented in Showa 57 (1982). The new syllabus stipulates that the basic course is the main compulsory course for junior high school students, and provides a variety of project contents for senior high school students to choose from. Specific items specified in the outline (see table on page 63).

The previous syllabus stipulated the allocation of class hours for each project, while the revised new syllabus stipulated nothing except that physical education theory accounted for 5- 10% of the total class hours in physical education class every academic year. The time allocation of each project is decided by each school. The number of projects studied in each academic year is also greatly reduced. There are 6-7 items in the first year of high school, and 5-7 items in the second and third years. The teaching hours of each single item are equally distributed according to the total study hours of the school year, and each item can be arranged for up to 28 hours, at least not less than 10 hour. According to this requirement, the total hours distribution is finally calculated.

In the past, the syllabus stipulated that boys should learn ball games and fighting, and girls should choose one or two teaching materials in ball games and dance respectively. The revised syllabus expands the scope of choice, categorizing track and field, apparatus gymnastics and swimming, and they can also choose one or two kinds of study.

Reducing study items and increasing elective opportunities play an important role in adapting to students' personality and ability and improving students' learning enthusiasm.

Second, take Berkeley Middle School as an elective course in the credit system, not wheat.

There is no national unified physical education syllabus in the United States, which is generally formulated by the States themselves. The physical education syllabus in primary and junior high schools is mainly to lay a comprehensive foundation, and the elective syllabus is adopted in senior high schools. Some ordinary middle schools have begun to implement the credit system, which is conducive to the emergence of various sports in physical education class. Berkeley Middle School in California, USA is one of the schools offering physical education elective courses under the credit system.

Berkeley Middle School has a four-year academic system, that is, grades 9 to/kloc-0 and 2. For four years, it is stipulated that all subjects (including physical education) must complete 200 credits (note: one class hour per week and one credit in one semester. On average, there are 25-30 class hours per week, among which, all required courses should reach 102.5 credits and elective courses should reach 97.5 credits. Each student has at least 25 credits and no more than 30 credits per semester. In the ninth and tenth grades, the hours of compulsory courses are significant, while in the eleventh and twelfth grades, the hours of elective courses exceed the required courses.

Compulsory physical education class is arranged in the 9th grade and 10 grade, including dance, gymnastics and physical education. In addition, the school also offers badminton, basketball, handball, table tennis, football, tennis, volleyball, gymnastics, dance, fencing, running, swimming, lifesaving and other courses for students of all grades to choose from, mainly for 1 1, 12 students. Students can choose not only sports, but also teachers. After completing one project, they can switch to another project, and each project can get credits according to regulations.

Elective courses of credit system are arranged according to students' registration and selected projects. Classes will be dismissed as soon as the elective courses are over, so this is a phased arrangement. Berkeley Middle School has 12 elective courses, and physical education is just one of them. Elective courses in this school are arranged in a unified way. Students in the same grade and class will not take the same class, so they can't take classes in the original class. Physical education class, like other subjects, allows students to choose. If there are a large number of applicants, more classes can be organized, with one teacher attending classes in different periods or several teachers attending classes at the same time.

This way of arranging courses has special requirements for curriculum setting. Berkeley Middle School has 9 classes from 8 am to 3 pm every day, each class is 40 minutes. According to the requirements of the credit system, the average student has five classes a day, and the rest can be arranged by himself. The arrangement of this credit system elective course must be the overall arrangement of all subjects in the school.

Source: China School Sports Magazine.