Qiongzhong Sub-bureau is located in the middle of Hainan Province, which belongs to the mountainous area and enjoys convenient transportation. It is the throat of Hainan Island's main road traffic.
By the end of 20 12, Qiongzhong Highway Sub-bureau was in charge of 289.848 kilometers of national, provincial and county roads. Highway management mileage level is low. Less maintenance materials, long transportation distance and difficult maintenance. Branch * * * has 254 employees, including 76 mechanical managers and operators, and owns 39 sets of road machinery and equipment 1 set, including 4 administrative vehicles, 2 road vehicles, 2 heavy transport vehicles, 2 sprinklers, 5 small four-wheel trucks and agricultural vehicles1set, 2 loaders1set and rollers. The management of mechanical equipment is planned, modeled, purchased and filed by various departments. The branch company installs (some equipment is installed and dispatched by the manufacturer), uses and maintains it, and reports it to the provincial office for scrapping and updating. Some of these machinery and equipment were allocated by the provincial bureau of Wuchang in the past, and there are some defects such as mechanical aging, poor automation and unstable performance, and 30% of them have reached the retirement age. In recent years, the other part has been allocated by provincial offices or purchased by sub-bureaus through multi-channel financing to meet the needs of highway maintenance. The number of maintenance machinery and equipment in sub-bureau has increased year by year, which has changed the content and status of machinery and equipment management, and the original management mode is far from meeting the requirements of current equipment management.
2. Problems existing in the management of machinery and equipment in the current sub-bureau.
2. 1 Insufficient capital investment and slow equipment update.
In recent years, hundreds of gravel pavements in the sub-bureau have been converted into cement concrete pavements, and the highway grades are getting higher and higher. Manual maintenance can not meet the needs of highway maintenance in efficiency, quality and time. Highway classification requires mechanization and specialization of highway maintenance. In 20 12 years, the total investment of maintenance funds in the sub-bureau was19.03 million yuan, of which the purchase cost of maintenance machinery was 950,000 yuan, accounting for only 5% of the total investment of maintenance funds. Since 1995, due to insufficient investment in maintenance funds, the finance department of the sub-bureau can't timely and fully withdraw the depreciation expenses of machinery and equipment according to the specified requirements, the matching funds can't be implemented, the scrapped machinery can't be scrapped on time, and the maintenance and use costs are high, which does not meet the requirements of safe production. In recent years, the mechanical equipment updated by the sub-bureau only accounts for 4% of the total equipment.
2.2 Mechanical configuration planning is lagging behind, not scientific enough and unrealistic.
In recent years, the maintenance management department subjectively emphasizes construction, light maintenance, heavy purchase and light management, which leads to the fact that highway maintenance machinery is inferior to engineering construction machinery in quantity and quality. After the completion of high-grade highway, when the old technology and tools can't deal with diseases, we can only buy and use new machinery and new technology, but the purchase is blind, unrealistic and unrealistic, some are repeated purchases, some are outdated equipment and machinery, and many types of models are not standardized, which makes it difficult for machinery to play its low-cost and high-efficiency functions, sometimes resulting in low equipment integrity rate and low utilization rate. What's more, some machinery and equipment have been transferred from procurement to sub-branches, and they have only just begun to be used. Although the staff of the sub-bureau think it is efficient and easy to operate, it is not used much, and the road maintenance fee is not paid in the highway maintenance fund. In management, there is also a phenomenon of re-purchasing and neglecting management, and there is a lack of reasonable planning, scientific allocation, management based on local conditions and the reality of the sub-bureau.
2.3 The management is not perfect and the system is not perfect.
Because most of the maintenance machinery and equipment in the sub-bureau are purchased and allocated by provincial offices, the mechanical fixed assets account is in the financial unit, but the mechanical management business is in the mechanical materials unit. It is the maintenance team that really uses mechanical equipment. After the mechanical materials unit in the sub-bureau scrapped a small four-wheeled agricultural vehicle, all the parts were folded on other agricultural vehicles, and the original machine did not exist. Scrap documents that can be reported to the province have not been approved yet, and the accounts are still hanging, resulting in accounts, cards and accounts. Second, the account is not true. For example, the residual value of a machine is 6,543,800 yuan, but in fact the original thing is not worth 6,543,800 yuan. Third, people's awareness of "big pot rice" still exists, and a scientific and perfect mechanical management system and assessment method have not been established. In the true sense, the system of single vehicle accounting and single machine assessment of mechanical benefits has not been fully implemented, and the machinery unit only manages the fuel, maintenance and safety of vehicle machinery.
2.4 mechanical equipment management personnel are unprofessional, the quality of operators is not high, the business is not refined, and the sense of responsibility is not strong.
On the one hand, because the sub-bureau did not pay enough attention to the management of highway maintenance machinery and equipment in the past, most non-professionals worked part-time in recent years. With the increase of machinery and equipment in the sub-bureau, although some people with professional knowledge served as machinery managers, they were still unprofessional, accounting for only 15% of machinery managers. In addition, it is also affected by the low degree of overall mechanization of maintenance operations and the outdated maintenance methods. On the other hand, the sub-bureau pays attention to immediate interests and ignores long-term interests, and lacks training for mechanical operators. Some operators have a low level of education and can't read the instructions. Some of them can operate loaders, road rollers and Dongfeng trucks, but they are not experts at all, especially the maintenance of locomotives and workers. Some mechanical operators do not have a strong sense of responsibility, do not strictly follow the mechanical operation rules, and do not maintain the machinery in time as required, resulting in serious mechanical damage, high maintenance costs, and a huge increase in maintenance costs, which has dampened the enthusiasm of leaders in using machinery.
3 ways and countermeasures to solve the problem
In order to meet the needs of current high-grade highway maintenance, the sub-bureau must improve the competitiveness of highway maintenance market, reverse the current passive situation, and solve the problems existing in the management of highway maintenance machinery and equipment in the sub-bureau as soon as possible.
3. 1 Raise funds to take care of and protect the owners.
First of all, it is necessary to break the traditional pattern of single input of machinery and equipment, raise funds through multiple channels, and solve the urgent need for machinery and equipment for branch maintenance as soon as possible. And timely highlight the key point of maintaining equipment, giving priority to ensuring the configuration of national and provincial trunk equipment. Secondly, it is necessary to scientifically and reasonably increase the depreciation commission of existing machinery and equipment, actively accumulate funds, and speed up the renewal cycle of machinery and equipment to adapt to the changes in highway maintenance methods. In particular, it is necessary to speed up the realization of mechanical fixed assets, update those outdated mechanical equipment that cannot be used, and solve the difficult situation of capital turnover of mechanical equipment.
3.2 Scientific planning and rational allocation First of all, it is necessary to change the past practice of unified procurement and unified deployment by superior highway authorities regardless of what machinery the maintenance unit urgently needs, and establish a new management model of "who invests, manages, uses and benefits". When issuing maintenance funds to the sub-bureau, the purchase expenses of mechanical equipment shall be listed separately. According to the needs of highway maintenance work, the sub-bureau puts forward a scientific or short-term or medium-and long-term distribution plan after in-depth investigation and analysis. After a small amount of procurement and trial use, it adopts bidding procurement and is distributed to each class for use and management according to maintenance mileage and maintenance grade. Secondly, when choosing machinery, we should be forward-looking, strive to overcome blindness, and at the same time pay attention to the practicality of mechanical equipment to avoid the practice of "high, new and comprehensive". In the past, some equipment purchased by ministries and agencies had high technical content, comprehensive functions, excessive power load and high use cost, but they were not practical; Some equipment models are not standardized, the functions are low, spare parts are difficult to buy in the market, the maintenance time is long, the efficiency is low, and it is not suitable for highway maintenance. The roads and grades currently maintained by the sub-bureau are suitable for some small maintenance equipment, such as Jin Lu tractors, small agricultural dump trucks, asphalt pavement comprehensive maintenance vehicles, and road cutting machines.
3.3 Change ideas and strengthen management
As the saying goes, "management brings benefits", the more money is tight, the more mechanical management should be strengthened. By changing ideas, strengthening management and establishing new management concepts, we can change the management mode of "pot rice" in the past. First of all, we should strengthen the management of fixed assets of machinery and equipment and establish and improve a scientific management system. Machinery and equipment purchased by sub-bureaus with their own funds or those purchased and allocated by superiors should be included in machine management. The mechanical equipment, materials and account cards managed by provincial bureaus, sub-bureaus and road shifts should be consistent. It is necessary to establish not only the fixed assets account, but also the technical files of mechanical equipment, including original mechanical technical documents, handover records, transshipment records, maintenance records, technical transformation materials, etc. The second is to strengthen the single machine assessment and benefit accounting of mechanical equipment. Such as oil use, maintenance and replacement, monthly intact rate, shift cost and profit accounting, etc. Only in this way can we give full play to the role of existing machinery, thus reducing the labor intensity of maintenance workers, reducing the cost of machinery use, improving the efficiency of machinery use and improving the quality of highway maintenance.
4 conclusion
You know, people are the first factor of productivity, and technology is productivity. The quality of machinery managers and the skills of machinery operators directly affect the labor productivity level of highway maintenance industry. With the continuous development of maintenance machinery, new products, new equipment and new technologies are changing with each passing day.
There are more and more varieties, and only by strengthening continuing education and business training can the managers and operators of the sub-bureau adapt to the requirements of new equipment, which is not only immediate.
The economic account is longer. At present, a new piece of equipment costs several hundred thousand yuan. Once mismanagement and improper operation result in losses of several hundred thousand yuan, the technical training fee is only a small sum. Therefore, the sub-bureau must establish a technical team with professional technical knowledge, good practice, good maintenance, good maintenance and good transformation. In the past, the technicians of the branch's machine repair shop developed small road scrapers themselves, and also modified the blades and transmission flexible shafts of lawn mowers. Therefore, the cost is reduced and the utilization rate is improved, which is very popular among road workers and should continue to be encouraged. Secondly, it is necessary to set the number of machines, implement the mechanism of one person and one machine (the captain system is implemented for large machinery), implement the mechanical integrity rate to all people, emphasize hierarchical maintenance, and ensure the relative stability of mechanical managers and mechanical operators. At the same time, it is also necessary to train mechanical operators to know how to use and repair, emphasize one specialty and many functions, and refine the responsibilities and objectives to people (responsibility is implemented to people), requiring each operator to have a strong sense of responsibility and implement the necessary system of regular assessment, reward and competition for posts, so as to finally make highway maintenance machinery play a higher economic benefit.
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