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What does shaman mean?
In the past, Hezhe people believed in Shamanism for a long time, which continued from ancient times to modern times. The word shaman comes from Tungusic language, which means "excited person" and "crazy person". Hezhe people think that shaman is an expert in treating all diseases and a "messenger between man and god". At first, shamans were mostly women, and later, male shamans appeared. Shamans are not full-time, they are all amateurs. Usually, shamans take part in labor like others and make a living by fishing and hunting.

Shaman's function

The shaman function of Hezhe nationality can be summarized into six aspects: one is to treat patients with ecstasy; Second, the Spring and Autumn Road Jumping God, to avoid disasters for all men, women and children in the village; The third is to pray for childless women; The fourth is to preside over the worship ceremony of the whole village; The fifth is to send souls to the dead; Sixth, use bones and other things to judge good or bad luck and look for lost items.

Shaman title

There are several kinds of names for shamans by Hezhe people: Shamans who send souls are called "Dasulute Koch", and they are called shamans with the highest rank and the strongest mana, but the number is small. They can not only send souls, but also host various prayer activities. The healing shaman is called "Baqilan". This shaman is very common and has many activities. He often goes in and out of various houses and is familiar with the situation. The shaman who treats minor ailments is called "Foliulan" mainly because when someone is sick, he is invited to pray and intercede for the patient. The shaman who specializes in plague is called "Ahama method", which is mainly to persuade the plague god to leave the human body and let the patients recover as soon as possible.

The shaman's inheritance was chosen by the shaman of the previous generation in the name of the gods. Whoever God wants him to be, he must be, or there will be disaster. A new shaman must be taught by a foreign old shaman, not his own shaman. It takes three years to study. When I first started to learn shaman, I learned shaman to beat drums and recite scriptures, and then taught how to beat drums and twist my waist and jump. After the initial study, I followed the old shaman to the patient's house to help dance. It was not until three years later that I started to be a formal shaman and danced alone.

Shaman's magic suit

Shaman's gods and costumes are essential for shamans to jump into the gods, mainly in the following ways:

Kamiya

It is called "Wen Tian" in Hezhe language. Use long willows as thick as goose eggs and scrape them into triangles. Then boiled in water and shaken into a pear-shaped drum frame, which is more than two feet long. Dry the joint with pomfret sticks, and dig a small ditch along the outer edge of the circle to put pebbles for the purpose of assisting the sound. Then, four pairs of small holes were drilled in the top, bottom, left and right of the wooden circle, and four long strips were placed in the center of the wooden circle and tied to a copper iron ring the size of a duck egg to hold drums. Then remove the hair from a piece of skin, stick it on the drum stand with herring swim bladder and dry it for later use. The sticker says that putting some pebbles in the small groove of the drum frame can make all kinds of sounds. Besides the drum, there is also a drumstick made of wicker or thick plums. One end of the drum is covered with a short-haired leather bag and leather legs, which makes the sound soft and can prevent the drum from being damaged.

Shen Mao

Hezhe language is called "Huyuki". A hat has a hat head, a hat horn and a hat band. The hat head is made of thick bear skin, with iron horns and five to twelve forks on the horns, indicating the status and skills of shaman.

Shen Qun

God's dress is called "Ducibiten", which is a belt made of wolf skin and half a foot wide, and the edge of the cloth is ankle-long. The front of the dress is decorated with the images of tigers, dragons and snakes, and some are also decorated with the images of lizards and frogs, representing a kind of god and being the right-hand man of shaman.

A mournful bell

The Hezhe language is called "Ha Jun", which is made of strong thick leather with an iron bell tied on it. When the shaman jumped out of his mind, his waist bell jingled.

bronze mirror

Hezhe language is called "Tuoli", which is a necessary thing for shamans and has special magic power. The large bronze mirror is about one foot in diameter and the small one is two inches. According to shaman, bronze mirrors have gods, which can protect their owners when fighting ghosts. The more bronze mirrors a shaman has, the greater his magic and power.

In addition, shamans have magical shoes, socks and gloves. These things are made of animal skins, embroidered with all kinds of reptiles, small animals and birds and beasts.

Magic staff, magic knife

Besides the first time, the shaman also had a magic wand and a magic knife about four feet long. The wooden handle of the magic knife is made of snake bags. The shaman himself said that the article used a wand and the martial arts used a magic knife.

God of Hezhe Shaman

There are dozens of gods of Hezhe shaman, except a few made of iron, silver, copper and cymbals, most of them are made of cork such as willow and thick plum trees, which are shaped like people, animals, fish, birds and snakes. The main gods are Ami, Li Kuo, Buyun, Chani, Meihe, Ji Maru, Zhu Kun, Sarica, Polbuken, etc.

With the improvement of cultural level and scientific knowledge, shaman naturally disappeared.