In fact, it is easy to find out whether the child's development is normal. Parents should pay attention to children who are obviously backward or different from ordinary people at different stages.
First of all, the diagnosis of autism in children aged 2.5 to 3 years old is relatively reliable, while the early diagnosis is often uncertain. However, we can't wait until the child is older, and the symptoms are obvious. Research shows that early intervention can get twice the result with half the effort.
Secondly, the early symptoms of autism are often not particularly abnormal behaviors, but the lack or backwardness of normal development. Parents must pay attention to whether the staged ability of children's growth has been achieved. Although there are individual differences in the growth process of each child, some children can talk at one year old and some children can talk at one and a half years old, but these differences are completely acceptable. Once the ability is found to be too backward or obviously backward, it means that the child is stunted or abnormal.
Thirdly, there will be some early warning information of autism during the development of children under 2 years old. For example, there is no happy or close expression around half a year old; 10 months later, there is still no interaction or reaction to the voice or parents' expressions; When I was one year old, I couldn't babble; I still can't speak language at the age of one and a half; I am 2 years old and can't speak meaningful phrases yet.
Finally, for children over 2 years old, autism can be screened through some simple phenomena. Parents can make their own preliminary assessment of individuals in the following aspects:
1. Can children play hide and seek? Have you played with your parents? Normally, I should love to play, but I won't if I haven't played.
2. Does the child respond when his name is called? Will you answer later? Normal people should respond, not turn a deaf ear
3. Do children use their fingers when they need them? Normal should mean pointing to the object in need, not holding the hand of an adult to get it.
4. Does the child look you in the eye when talking to you or answering you? There is something wrong with not making eye contact or looking directly at others.
5. Do children like to play with other children? Whether you are interested in other children can judge whether you have social desire.
In short, the early detection of autism mainly depends on the daily observation of parents and the regular physical examination of community child care doctors. Generally speaking, if children are found to be different from other children of the same age around them, parents themselves are worried about their children's development progress. Don't hesitate to wait and take the time to find a specialist to screen and evaluate autism.
In fact, if the early symptoms are found in time and the corresponding intervention is given, the prognosis of children will be better.
Leo Canner, then a student at Hopkins University, found that many children had the same characteristics.
Extremely withdrawn, unable to develop interpersonal relationships with others;
Speech development is slow, and the ability to communicate in language is lost;
Repeating simple game activities and eager to stay the same;
Lack of imagination and clever use of objects.
At the same time, H.Asperger, a pediatrician at Vienna University, also observed findings similar to those of Kanner, and published them in the form of a doctoral thesis. Asperger was called "autism", but that was during World War II. The paper published by Dr. Asperger was in German, which was unacceptable to other countries. Later, in memory of Dr. Asperger, another childhood autism spectrum disorder was named Asperger's syndrome.
Many children's social barriers and stereotyped behaviors will appear in the early stage. There are roughly five marks that we can easily observe, and we can simply record them as "five noes" behaviors.
1. No (less) look:
Refers to abnormal eye contact. At an early age, children began to show a lack or decrease of visual fixation on meaningful social stimuli, and a decrease of fixation on people, especially people's eyes. Studies have shown that the fixation time of children who are finally diagnosed with autism at the age of 24 months is only 1/2 of that of normal children. Some children can talk, but the face-to-face gaze is still abnormal.
2. No (less) should:
3. None (less) means:
In other words, you can't ask for something you are interested in without proper physical exercise. Autistic children may show a decline in the frequency of using body movements as early as 12 months, such as not nodding to indicate need, shaking their heads to indicate no need, pointing purposefully, gesturing and so on.
4. No (few) languages:
5. Not suitable:
Improper use of objects and related sensory abnormalities: Autistic children may have improper use of objects from 12 months, including rotation, arrangement and continuous visual exploration of objects. For example, line up the cars, spin things and keep looking. We should also pay attention to inappropriate speech, which is manifested in the retrogression of speech after the appearance of normal language, as well as the language that is difficult to understand, repetitive and meaningless.
However, not all autistic children have the above performance before the age of one. Many children developed normal language and non-language skills before 12 months, but after that, their development trajectory was abnormal and their ability to learn new skills declined. It has also been reported that six months ago, the development track of autistic children was basically the same as that of normal children, but later it was found that the development track of their social skills showed a downward trend, including gaze, socially reactive smile and vocal frequency. Therefore, it is very important to observe the development track of children's growth behavior.
Many people want to ask, what is the cause of autism, and what kind of children are prone to autism, but the cause of autism is very complicated and there is no clear explanation in science. Most scholars believe that it is caused by the interaction between genes and environment. There are many environmental factors involved in the study, most of which are inconclusive, but there are two high-risk factors for autism: (1) siblings with autism; (2) Family history of schizophrenia, emotional disorder or other mental and behavioral problems.
When it comes to treatment, we need a diagnosis and treatment process. Professional psychiatric hospitals will start with the evaluation of children and formulate intervention plans according to the conclusions after the evaluation. In the process of intervention, we need to record data at all times, so as to understand the progress of children after intervention and adjust the intervention plan in time.
1. Start early:
The earlier the intervention, the better. Immediate intervention should be given to the children who are diagnosed, and timely intervention should be given to the children who are suspicious.
2. Science:
Use evidence-based medical evidence to intervene. Many studies have shown that integrating developmental concepts and behavioral intervention strategies into early intervention for autistic children can effectively improve their development level, adaptive function and language ability.
3. Systematize:
Intervention should be all-round. The goal of early intervention is to promote the progress of the overall development level, including the intervention and training of social communication and emotional communication defects with autism as the core, as well as the improvement of children's physical and mental development, intelligence, self-care ability, reducing nuisance behavior and behavioral adaptability.
4. Personalization:
In view of the differences of autistic children in social communication, emotion, intelligence, behavior, exercise, physical health, disease and so on. On the basis of fully evaluating the illness and various functions, we will carry out planned individualized training, and children with similar abilities will form group training.
5. Familialization:
Emphasize and encourage families and caregivers to actively participate in the intervention. Parents should be provided with all-round support and education to improve the degree of family participation in intervention.
6. Community:
Maternal and child health care institutions should gradually establish community training centers, so that autistic children can intervene nearby, and realize the intervention model based on community and active participation of families. In China, there are many day training and education institutions run by social resources, and maternal and child health care institutions are responsible for management and regulation.
7. Long-range high strength:
Ensure daily intervention, the weekly intervention time is more than 20 h, the whole intervention time is calculated on an annual basis, and the early intervention course lasts for 2 years or more.
When professional doctors find that a child conforms to the performance of autism to a certain extent, they should tell parents frankly about the child's development problems and patiently explain the importance of follow-up evaluation and early sexual intervention. It is very helpful to distribute some popular science books to parents. It is helpful for parents to understand the clinical symptoms of autism, so as to make a more effective follow-up comprehensive evaluation. With the increasing introduction of autism in the mass media, more and more parents have some basic knowledge about autism, and when in doubt, they go online to collect information. As professionals, parents should be provided with scientific and effective information resources.
In short, autism intervention is a long-term process. Whether at home or abroad, autistic people also bring huge economic burden to their families. Children and their families in some developed areas of China will receive part of the funding provided by the government for their children's rehabilitation. However, in some cities or towns below the medium level, there is a great lack of medical knowledge and social resources related to autism. Many families divorce their parents because of the heavy burden of their children's illness. This will undoubtedly have a greater impact on children. Foreign countries will choose insurance or fund when dealing with children with autism, so that there will be safer protection until the end of life. I sincerely hope that the country will pay more and more attention to these children from the stars and their families, and introduce good policies as soon as possible to help such families tide over the difficulties.
There are five ways to judge whether a child is autistic at an early stage: don't look, don't, don't point, don't be inappropriate, and don't say. I don't look, I'm not curious about strange environment, I don't think much of him if I don't call, I don't mean to point my fingers, I don't know what to do with my hands, I don't use things or toys correctly (such as balloons flying in the sky with ropes, autistic children may use them to smash things), and I don't say that language development is horizontal or retrogressive. I hope I can help you!
At present, the incidence of autism is soaring, and more babies suffer from developmental retardation (especially neuropsychological development, such as language, sports, cognition, social skills, etc. ).
Speech disorder, inability to imitate, social difficulties and narrow interest are all typical manifestations of autism in the early stage.
So how to judge whether the child's psychological and behavioral development is good? Parents can check against the following table.
When the baby encounters many of them in his growth and development, parents should pay attention!
Whether it is autism or growth retardation, if scientific intervention is not carried out in time, the baby may not be able to live, study and work independently like an adult, showing mental and behavioral obstacles and becoming a heavy burden on the family.
It is suggested to go to a professional rehabilitation institution for systematic treatment. With the guidance of doctors and the comfort of parents, most autistic children can live independently when they grow up.
Warning signs of autism spectrum disorder
Many years ago, I attended a dinner party with my friends. Their gorgeous 2.5-year-old son kept running around, and one of the guests commented that "he is so cute, running around like a little robot".
A few months later, the day before that dinner, I learned that the boy was diagnosed with autism. I can't even imagine how painful innocent robot comments are for parents!
This dinner was held more than ten years ago. At that time, at least I didn't hear that children were often troubled by autism. Today, some studies show that the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has exploded in the past five to ten years, and now parents are worried that their children may appear on a certain spectrum. Of course, most children will not be diagnosed with autism and worry about one or two "strange" behaviors or the lateness of certain milestones, which will not make anyone happy. However, early intervention has been proved to be effective, which can alleviate the symptoms of autism and provide children with the necessary language, social and academic skills. The earlier the diagnosis is made, the earlier the intervention will begin. Therefore, it is useless to ignore the obvious warning signs of autism!
So what are autism and ASD?
Autism is a pedigree disorder, which contains a series of symptoms and signs. Every child has such symptoms and signs. Most autistic children have developmental problems in verbal and nonverbal communication, which are related to others and their environment, and their thinking and behavior are flexible.
The cause of ASD (because there is no single cause) is largely unknown. "A combination of genetic and environmental factors may play a role," the researchers said. It might be useful. Things like We Don't Know are really depressing.
Many risk factors are known and observed:
? Children with ASD brothers are at higher risk of developing ASD.
? People with certain genetic or chromosomal diseases are more likely to suffer from autism.
? Taking prescription drugs valproic acid and thalidomide during pregnancy will increase the risk of autism.
? There is evidence that the critical period of ASD occurs before birth, at birth and after birth.
? Children born to older parents are at greater risk of autism.
? A recent study also shows that the autism rate of very young parents and parents with a big age gap will increase.
Looking for early warning signs of autism spectrum disorder
Every child's development speed is different, so it is difficult to determine when a child will learn a certain skill, but there will be some common milestones in the child's development process. Lack of these milestones or setbacks in development may be an early sign that your child has autism.
Early detection of autism involves noticing that there is no normal behavior, not abnormal behavior. According to the Center for Autism Talk and Disease Control, your child's pediatrician should immediately assess the following delays:
? 6 months: no laughter and happiness.
? 9 months: no voice or facial expression communication.
? 12 months: no response name, bab babbling or "baby talking", no response gesture.
? 14 months: it does not point to the object and does not indicate interest.
? 16 months: no spoken English.
? 18 months: Do not participate in simple pretend game actions.
? 24 months: there is no meaningful and independent two-word phrase.
Although these symptoms may exist, autism is usually not diagnosed before the age of 2. After that age, you may start to see some abnormal behaviors, such as:
? Avoid eye contact.
? Repeat words and phrases over and over again.
? Feel uneasy about subtle changes.
? Plain or inappropriate facial expressions
? Avoid or resist physical contact.
? Tidy up toys or other things
? Overactive or impulsive.
? Unusual eating and sleeping habits
? Lack of fear
Here is a good video tutorial to detect signs of autism, including examples of children with normal and autistic behaviors:
What would you do as a parent?
As a parent, you can take some very positive measures to determine whether your child has autism as soon as possible. First, monitor the child's development and remember the above delay. If you are worried, always take action. Never feel that you should "wait and see" your child's development. If you find anything, please contact your child's doctor immediately. Always trust your intuition; You know your children better than anyone!
Some interesting studies show that early intervention can completely reverse ASD behavior!
Do you like blue?
Blue? ..... What is this?
Blue is the sky, the sea, softness, innocence and freedom.
But there is a kind of blue, but it is lonely.