Teaching assistants are junior titles in colleges and universities, and new teachers have been engaged in teaching assistance for one year or more before being hired as lecturers. Lecturer is a university teacher who can offer one or more courses independently, and is an intermediate title; Associate professor is a university teacher with strong scientific research ability and high teaching level, and is a deputy senior title in colleges and universities; A professor refers to an expert who is proficient in this major or discipline, can form a theory or method with certain originality, and make certain contributions to the development of this major or discipline. He is the highest rank in the university.
These four levels of professional titles require college teachers to have certain qualifications before they can apply. For example, teaching assistants need a bachelor's degree or above and have passed the internship period; Lecturers need to work as teaching assistants for four years, publish four journal papers, preside over a scientific research project at or above the municipal level, and win awards at or above the school level; Associate professors need to be lecturers for 5 years, under the age of 35, with graduate education, 4 journals, 2 core journals, and provincial scientific research projects and books. Professors need to work as associate professors for 5 years, have more than 6 core journals, undertake provincial-level scientific research projects (some universities even require national-level projects), and compile works.
Doctoral supervisor is not a professional title, but a job. The main job is to cultivate high-level talents (doctors, of course). To be a doctoral supervisor, you must have a senior professional title, that is, you must be a professor.
Question 2: What are the titles of university professors, associate professors, lecturers and teaching assistants? University teachers have several titles: teaching assistant, lecturer, associate professor and professor.
In ...
A teaching assistant refers to a position that assists teachers in teaching in colleges and universities, primary and secondary schools. Usually, teaching assistants come from graduates in the same field (not necessarily from the same school), while some are part-time graduate students in master's or doctoral programs, and some are also employed. In some schools, you must have worked as a teaching assistant before you can be promoted to lecturer, professor and associate professor.
In universities in Chinese mainland, teaching assistants are the lowest-ranking titles among university teachers. Generally speaking, if a master's degree holder gets a position in a university, his first title is teaching assistant.
Generally speaking, the work of teaching assistants is to guide the coursework, correct students' homework, be on duty in the department office and supervise the work. In classes with a large number of students, teachers will be assisted in taking experimental classes or internship classes.
In addition, in primary and secondary schools, teachers will select several students in the class (mainly students with excellent academic performance in a certain field) to assist teachers in correcting papers, registering grades and answering academic questions. This job is similar to teaching assistant, but it is often dubbed as "little teacher".
Career orientation
jiao shòu
1: It is a profession, which refers to senior teachers and researchers who teach in universities or community colleges. Professors are the highest realm of university teachers.
English is a professor, and the word "professor" in Chinese comes from the meaning of "imparting knowledge to dispel doubts", which was the name of academic officials in ancient China and was established in universities in Han and Tang Dynasties in China. It has nothing to do with English. In Japanese, the word "professor" is used to address teachers in universities together with Chinese.
Explanation 2: Professor originally refers to imparting knowledge, giving lectures and teaching, and later became the official title of scholars. After the Han and Tang dynasties, there were professors in schools at all levels, who were responsible for the specific affairs of school examinations.
Teaching the history of development
China Han Tang Imperial College has doctors to teach students. The doctor is the later professor. In the Song Dynasty, central and local schools began to set up professors. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were Confucian professors in state capitals, and there were Confucian professors in official schools in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the establishment of the new school in the late Qing Dynasty, the university set up full-time faculty and associate faculty. 19 12, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China promulgated the University Order, which stipulated that universities should have professors and assistant professors. 19 17 revised the university order, stipulating that universities should have full professors, professors and assistant professors. 1924 university constitution abolished the post of assistant professor. 1927, the Regulations on the Qualification of University Teachers promulgated by the Education Administration Committee of * * * * began to stipulate that university teachers are divided into four levels: professor, associate professor, lecturer and teaching assistant. People's Republic of China (PRC) has remained unchanged since its founding.
Different classifications of professors
1, and now all the "professors" have been appointed;
2. "distinguished professor", Gu Mingsi, is a full-time (special) professor and a professor himself;
3. "Visiting Professor" is a scholar hired by "Guest Love" who teaches and gives lectures irregularly. I may not be a professor, but a celebrity, official, entrepreneur, inventor, etc.
4. "* * * professors", between schools, between schools and society, hire professors to give lectures to each other. I am a professor myself. In fact, I just give lectures or do scientific research and take graduate students.
5. "Honorary Professor" is an honorary title awarded to well-known old professors and accomplished old leaders;
6. Most professors are full-time senior titles employed by universities. They are not only attending classes, engaging in scientific research and leading graduate students, but also academic leaders.
Professors' duties
Professors' job is to teach courses in the fields they are good at, or to give students professional training, such as science and literature. In addition, professors must deepen their professional disciplines, obtain business cooperation opportunities by publishing papers (including scientific consultants or business inventions), and train their students to have enough ability to compete with them in the future. In the four directions of teaching, training, submitting papers and seeking business cooperation, we must rely on the additional factors such as school, place (country) and time to achieve a balance. For example, top universities in Europe and America attach great importance to professors who specialize in a single field and often regard them as the focus of publicity.
Professors in western countries
Britain, Australia, New Zealand and other places are quite different from the United States and Canada. This list is for reference only.
Britain, Australia and New Zealand:
A professor is equivalent to an American lecture professor. Under the UK-Australia-New Zealand system, there is usually only one full professor in each field. For example, a professor of biochemistry is a professor of biochemistry. This is very different from the US-Canada system.
Question 3: What is the level of teaching assistants? Teaching assistant is the lowest rank of university teachers' titles, and it is the junior title of university teachers and teachers below lecturers. In principle, teaching assistants can't teach alone, or they can't teach all the courses of a subject. They should follow the lecturer or professor to revise their homework and assist them in teaching.
Teachers' professional titles rank from low to high as teaching assistant, lecturer, associate professor and professor.
Question 4: The titles of teachers in China University are divided into four grades. The lowest is the teaching assistant, but what is higher? professor
Question 5: What does a teaching assistant mean? Teaching assistants, lecturers, associate professors and professors are the titles of teachers in universities.
Teaching assistants are junior titles in colleges and universities, and new teachers have been engaged in teaching assistance for one year or more before being hired as lecturers. Lecturer is a university teacher who can offer one or more courses independently, and is an intermediate title; Associate professor is a university teacher with strong scientific research ability and high teaching level, and is a deputy senior title in colleges and universities; A professor refers to an expert who is proficient in this major or discipline, can form a theory or method with certain originality, and make certain contributions to the development of this major or discipline. He is the highest rank in the university.
These four levels of professional titles require college teachers to have certain qualifications before they can apply. For example, teaching assistants need a bachelor's degree or above and have passed the internship period; Lecturers need to work as teaching assistants for four years, publish four journal papers, preside over a scientific research project at or above the municipal level, and win awards at or above the school level; Associate professors need to be lecturers for 5 years, under the age of 35, with graduate education, 4 journals, 2 core journals, and provincial scientific research projects and books. Professors need to work as associate professors for 5 years, have more than 6 core journals, undertake provincial-level scientific research projects (some universities even require national-level projects), and compile works.
Doctoral supervisor is not a professional title, but a job. The main job is to cultivate high-level talents (doctors, of course). To be a doctoral supervisor, you must have a senior professional title, that is, you must be a professor.
Question 6: What are the titles of university professors, associate professors, lecturers and teaching assistants? What are the titles of university teachers: teaching assistant, lecturer, associate professor and professor?
In ...
A teaching assistant refers to a position that assists teachers in teaching in colleges and universities, primary and secondary schools. Usually, teaching assistants come from graduates in the same field (not necessarily from the same school), while some are part-time graduate students in master's or doctoral programs, and some are also employed. In some schools, you must have worked as a teaching assistant before you can be promoted to lecturer, professor and associate professor.
In universities in Chinese mainland, teaching assistants are the lowest-ranking titles among university teachers. Generally speaking, if a master's degree holder gets a position in a university, his first title is teaching assistant.
Generally speaking, the work of teaching assistants is to guide the coursework, correct students' homework, be on duty in the department office and supervise the work. In classes with a large number of students, teachers will be assisted in taking experimental classes or internship classes.
In addition, in primary and secondary schools, teachers will select several students in the class (mainly students with excellent academic performance in a certain field) to assist teachers in correcting papers, registering grades and answering academic questions. This job is similar to teaching assistant, but it is often dubbed as "little teacher".
Career orientation
jiao shòu
1: It is a profession, which refers to senior teachers and researchers who teach in universities or community colleges. Professors are the highest realm of university teachers.
English is a professor, and the word "professor" in Chinese comes from the meaning of "imparting knowledge to dispel doubts", which was the name of academic officials in ancient China and was established in universities in Han and Tang Dynasties in China. It has nothing to do with English. In Japanese, the word "professor" is used to address teachers in universities together with Chinese.
Explanation 2: Professor originally refers to imparting knowledge, giving lectures and teaching, and later became the official title of scholars. After the Han and Tang dynasties, there were professors in schools at all levels, who were responsible for the specific affairs of school examinations.
Teaching the history of development
China Han Tang Imperial College has doctors to teach students. The doctor is the later professor. In the Song Dynasty, central and local schools began to set up professors. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were Confucian professors in state capitals, and there were Confucian professors in official schools in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the establishment of the new school in the late Qing Dynasty, the university set up full-time faculty and associate faculty. 19 12, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China issued the University Order, which stipulated that universities should have professors and assistant professors. 19 17 revised the university order, stipulating that universities should have full professors, professors and assistant professors. 1924 university constitution abolished the post of assistant professor. 1927, the Regulations on the Qualification of University Teachers promulgated by the Education Administration Committee of * * * * began to stipulate that university teachers are divided into four levels: professor, associate professor, lecturer and teaching assistant. People's Republic of China (PRC) has remained unchanged since its founding.
Different classifications of professors
1, and now all the "professors" have been appointed;
2. "distinguished professor", Gu Mingsi, is a full-time (special) professor and a professor himself;
3. "Visiting Professor" is a scholar hired by "Guest Love", who teaches and gives lectures irregularly. I may not be a professor, but a celebrity, official, entrepreneur, inventor, etc.
4. "* * * professors", between schools, between schools and society, hire professors to give lectures to each other. I am a professor myself. In fact, I just give lectures or do scientific research and take graduate students.
5. "Honorary Professor" is an honorary title awarded to well-known old professors and accomplished old leaders;
6. Most professors are full-time senior titles employed by universities. They are not only attending classes, engaging in scientific research and leading graduate students, but also academic leaders.
Professors' duties
Professors' job is to teach courses in the fields they are good at, or to give students professional training, such as science and literature. In addition, professors must deepen their professional disciplines, obtain business cooperation opportunities by publishing papers (including scientific consultants or business inventions), and train their students to have enough ability to compete with them in the future. In the four directions of teaching, training, submitting papers and seeking business cooperation, we must rely on the additional factors such as school, place (country) and time to achieve a balance. For example, top universities in Europe and America attach great importance to professors who specialize in a single field and often regard them as the focus of publicity.
Professors in western countries
Britain, Australia, New Zealand and other places are quite different from the United States and Canada. This list is for reference only.
Britain, Australia and New Zealand:
A professor is equivalent to an American lecture professor. Under the UK-Australia-New Zealand system, there is usually only one full professor in each field. For example, a professor of biochemistry is a professor of biochemistry. This is very different from the US-Canada system.
Question 7: What is the title of the lecturer?
Lecturer is the second only to associate professor in higher education.
19 12, the University Order issued by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China began to stipulate that universities can hire lecturers when necessary. 1927, * * * * * The Regulations on Qualifications of University Teachers promulgated by the Education Administration Committee formally stipulated that university teachers are divided into four grades: professor, associate professor, lecturer and teaching assistant. People's Republic of China (PRC) has remained unchanged since its founding. 1960 On March 5th, the State Council issued the Interim Provisions on Teachers' Professional Titles in Colleges and Universities, which stipulated that the professional conditions for teaching assistants to be promoted to lecturers are: ① being proficient as teaching assistants with excellent grades; Master the necessary theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge and skills of this major, be able to teach a certain subject independently, and have certain scientific research ability; Master a foreign language and be able to read this professional book smoothly. The main duty of a lecturer is to teach a certain subject and engage in scientific research. Some universities in Europe and America have lecturers. Universities in some countries take lecturers as teachers, and their titles are uncertain; Some national universities have senior lecturers, and some even give lectures. The lecturer is a senior professor.
1. Title name: a title among university teachers, which is above the teaching assistant and below the associate professor and belongs to the intermediate title.
2. Teachers who give lectures, or especially lecturers in the training industry, or hosts of class discussions, are common words in enterprise training, which are different from internal lecturers and external lecturers.
3. Senior lecturer, intermediate lecturer and other secondary vocational school teachers.
This entry is similar to the ambiguity of "attending physician".
Question 8: What is the title of the graduate student? In principle, graduate students are not professional titles. The school still requires evaluation of professional titles. If you have to say it, you can be a teaching assistant at most, and the lecturer will send papers and comments.
Question 9: What are the degrees, titles and positions? They are academic titles that show that the educational level and academic level of the recipients have reached the prescribed standards. Generally divided into bachelor, master and doctor.
Professional title, in theory, refers to the professional technical level, ability and achievement of professional and technical personnel, which is divided into five grades: senior, deputy senior, intermediate, assistant and technician. For example, for colleges and universities, the titles from high to low are professor, associate professor, lecturer and teaching assistant, and the corresponding corporate titles are professor-level senior engineer, senior engineer, engineer and assistant engineer. Workers with low academic qualifications basically do not have the fifth level. It seems that the transition and promotion between professional titles are related to academic qualifications and years. Generally, one year after graduation, the assistant title will be evaluated, and four years later, the intermediate title will be evaluated; The master's degree is assistant-level title, and the intermediate title is evaluated after three years of technical work; Doctoral graduation is an intermediate title, engaged in technical work for two years to evaluate deputy senior titles.
Professional titles, titles and titles of staff. It constitutes all the work contents of employees. Similarly, take the school as an example: from top to bottom, the positions are: secretary of the school party Committee (principal), deputy secretary of the school party Committee (vice president), director of the offices of various administrative functional departments, dean (concurrently secretary of the party Committee), vice president (deputy secretary), dean (concurrently secretary of the party Committee and director of the research institute) and so on. For ordinary enterprises, from high to low, it is the chairman. Of course, different units will have different functional management structures. For reference only.
Question 10: What are the titles of university teachers? The titles of university teachers are divided into four levels: teaching assistant, lecturer, associate professor and professor.
assistant
New teachers have been engaged in teaching assistance for one year or more before being hired as lecturers, and are familiar with the basic teaching conditions and teaching organization of universities. The teaching assistant can also be a graduate student who is studying for a doctorate. In many countries, doctoral students undertake the work of teaching assistants, rather than setting up teaching posts at the level of teaching assistants.
The main task of teaching assistants is to assist teaching. The leading aspect of teaching assistants assisting university education is to help the course teaching system composed of professors and students operate normally. There are two main ways for him to work: one is to assist professors; The other is to help develop a course, which may be undertaken by several professors, or it may be directed by professors and offered by teaching assistants themselves. The professor selected two of his graduate students to help prepare lessons, organize materials and organize classroom teaching. This kind of teaching aid is the most elementary.
lecturer
A university teacher who can offer one or more courses independently. Lecturers also have different grades. An excellent lecturer can set his course as a basic course that has made great contributions to his subject, and his teaching methods, experimental methods and basic norms will become a compulsory step for students, thus meeting the basic requirements of university education. Lecturers can also do some primary work, basically filling the vacancy left by the normal teaching of professors and associate professors, so as to improve the whole teaching system. In addition, there are often some complete teaching units that will hire lecturers to teach some courses that they can't afford but students must study. For example, in Peking University in those days, only full-time teachers could become professors, and all * * * were called lecturers. At that time, famous lecturers were Liang Shuming and Lu Xun. This shows that the level of the lecturer is not necessarily worse than that of the professor, but the task is different.
associate professor
In principle, associate professors not only have the ability to start classes, but also have a full understanding of the overall situation of the subject, can preside over research projects by themselves, and can constantly open the latest research into new courses in the form of academic discussions. On the one hand, he teaches students relevant knowledge, on the other hand, he trains students to master the methods of acquiring knowledge and preach and teach students to solve doubts. So strictly speaking, since an associate professor is already a professor, he must have enough ability to guide all "learners" in his major, including undergraduates, master students and doctoral students, and finish their graduation thesis. As mentioned above, an associate professor does not necessarily require a higher level of knowledge than a lecturer, but the nature of his task is different. He also has a greater responsibility than a lecturer in the university system in imparting knowledge and methods. In terms of knowledge, he is required to have a comprehensive understanding of all the knowledge of his major and an in-depth study of a problem; In terms of methods, he is required to know all the methods of his major, and he himself has a good grasp of one of them. He can not only guide the students of this major to complete the research, but also ensure that the thesis is completed at a high level according to the norms of the methods of this subject when the methods adopted by doctoral students are slightly beyond the existing methods or even adopt new methods.
professor
Professors are the main body in universities, and the leadership work in universities is undertaken by professors. The function of a professor is different from that of an associate professor. In terms of knowledge, the requirements for professors are no different from those for associate professors. However, there is a major difference in methods: a professor can not only master and skillfully use the existing methods of the subject, but also make contributions to the methodology of the subject. That is to say, when he encounters a problem, he not only knows how to use the existing methods to solve it, but also can or has created some methods to provide ideas and means for solving related problems. Professors, like associate professors, should undertake undergraduate teaching and guide graduate students, especially when there are no ready-made things in the existing knowledge and methods reserves, they should complete groundbreaking work. In addition, professors should also promote the development of this subject in the world. He must have a clear understanding of this subject, have convenient communication with experts in this bank, train and train senior researchers in this subject through regular academic conferences and projects, and lead them to cooperate collectively to complete the tasks put forward by science.
doctoral supervisor
The Academic Degree Office of the Ministry of Education explained that the doctoral supervisor is not a professional title, nor an honorary title, but a job. Yang Lianfen, a professor at the College of Literature of Beijing Normal University, defines a doctoral supervisor as follows: "Like a professor, a doctoral supervisor has always been used as a title, and it is a higher title than a professor, because ... >>"