Tympanic membrane perforation is a kind of middle ear trauma caused by violent cases, traffic accidents or air pressure changes. Traditional Chinese medicine belongs to the category of "leakage of the hilum" The internal cause of tympanic membrane perforation is the stimulation of inflammatory ear diseases such as benign otitis media, suppurative acute mastoiditis and secondary infection. External causes include heavy slapping, water polo, tennis, water skiing and deep diving, which makes the external auditory canal air pressure suddenly rise; When the ear is injured by lightning or explosion, toothpicks and hairpins are used to dig the ear. When welding, metal debris splashes into the external auditory canal, and the pressure outside the ear cavity is abnormal, which makes the ear pressure become negative compared with the outside world, leading to the rupture or perforation of the eardrum.
The clinical manifestations of tympanic membrane perforation are normal to moderate deafness, obstruction and even earache. After several hours, the symptoms of earache are relieved by exudate, often accompanied by tinnitus. At first, I only saw simple tympanic membrane congestion, and with the invagination of tympanic membrane, punctate bleeding appeared, causing sensorineural deafness. Explosive perforation of tympanic membrane, because squamous epithelial invagination of tympanum forms squamous epithelial cyst, which is easy to be infected.