Existing academicians
A physicist. Originally from Hangzhou, Zhejiang, he was born in Shanghai. 1962 graduated from Peking University physics department. 1984, Ph.D. in electrical engineering and science, University of Pennsylvania. He used to be a professor at University of Science and Technology Beijing and director of the Institute of Applied Physics. Professor of Physics Department of Tsinghua University since 2000. Three kinds of inverse problems, Bose, Fermi and Lattice, in condensed matter physics and applied physics are clearly put forward internationally, and a unique and systematic method is developed, and a series of new results are obtained. In the study of the inverse problem of lattice specific heat, the classical work of Einstein and Debye has been developed and unified. In the study of interatomic interaction potential library, a strict and simple formula from crystal binding energy to potential is put forward, and EAM multi-body potential is developed, which lays a good foundation for the performance prediction of complex materials. 1997 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
cheng kaijia
senior researcher
Theoretical physicist. Jiangsu Wujiang people. 194 1 graduated from Zhejiang university. 1948 received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Edinburgh, UK. Consultant of Science and Technology Committee of General Armament Department of China People's Liberation Army. China is one of the pioneers in nuclear weapons research and has made outstanding contributions to the development and testing of nuclear weapons. It has created a new field of anti-nuclear reinforcement technology and a new field of high-power microwave research with directional energy in China. At the same time, important research achievements have been made in solid state physics, including the generalized thermodynamic internal friction theory, the Dirac equation, the superconducting double-band theory, the new condensed electron theory (TFDC), and the first monograph on solid state physics published in China. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Ding Dazhao
The late academician
Nuclear physicist. People from Suzhou, Jiangsu. 1955 graduated from physics department of Fudan university. Researcher and scientific consultant of China Institute of Atomic Energy. 1959 participated in the discovery of anti-sigma negative hyperons, proposed and developed a method to determine the track bubble density and then identify particles, and solved the key problem of identifying and analyzing anti-sigma negative hyperons. In the early 1960s, the experimental group in charge of light nuclear reaction prepared conditions for the measurement of some basic data needed for the development of hydrogen bombs. In the mid-1970s and beyond, he was responsible for opening a branch of fast neutron nuclear reaction gamma-ray spectroscopy, leading the research on thermal neutron radiation capture and nuclear giant vibration. In the 1980s, he was responsible for the construction of the experimental area of the nuclear physics laboratory of tandem accelerator, and built a laboratory suitable for fine nuclear reaction spectroscopy and nuclear structure research. 1990- 1995 concurrently serves as the deputy director of the National Laboratory of Beijing Electron Positron Collider, responsible for synchrotron radiation applications and participating in the construction of high-performance synchrotron radiation light sources. In recent years, he is responsible for the research work of "accelerator-driven radioactive clean nuclear energy system". 199 1 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Fang cheng
Existing academicians
Astrophysicist from Jiangyin, Jiangsu. 1959 graduated from the astronomy department of Nanjing University. Professor of Nanjing University, Chairman of Chinese Astronomical Society, Chief Scientist of National Climbing Plan. Firstly, the non-local heat balance theory is systematically mastered and applied, and a set of practical calculation methods and programs are developed. Important achievements have been made in the research of solar active body structure and atmospheric model, flare spectral line asymmetry and velocity field, flare dynamic model and spectral diagnosis. He presided over the design and development of the first solar tower in China, and founded the solar tower laboratory. He has won the second prize of national scientific and technological progress, the third prize of national natural science and the first and second prizes of scientific and technological progress of the Ministry of Education. 1995 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Ganzhaozi
Existing academicians
A physicist. Guangdong Xinyi people. 1963 graduated from Peking University physics department. Professor of Physics Department of Peking University, Director of Institute of Solid State Physics, Chief Expert of National Superconducting Expert Committee. In the early 1960' s, we did a good job on tunneling effect in semiconductors and solved the physical mechanism of tunneling effect in germanium. In the early 1970s, he contributed to the development of high-energy pneumatic laser in China. In the late 1970s, a physical model of multiphoton dissociation of polyatomic molecules was proposed. The theory of coherent propagation of light in semiconductors was developed in the early 1980s. In the mid-1980s, he made some contributions in some frontier fields of condensed matter physics, such as fractional quantum Hall effect, metal-insulator phase transition, polaron and impurity * * * vibration dynamics in magnetic semiconductor quantum wells, etc. Since 1986, it has played an important role in the research and development of high temperature superconductivity in China. 199 1 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Guan Wei Yan
The late academician
A physicist. Rudong, Jiangsu 1957 graduated from Moscow university. Researcher. Mainly engaged in research on low temperature and superconductivity. In 1950s, the reverse Kapicha thermal resistance was deeply studied, which explained the serious difference between theory and experiment in the literature at that time. Since 1960s, China has initiated and carried out the research and development of superconducting materials and high magnetic field superconducting magnets, and jointly developed a variety of superconducting materials with international advanced properties. The origin of the critical field and critical current of the second type superconductor is solved. The negative magnetoresistance effect of superconductors when they are transformed in magnetic field is found. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
He Hui Ze
senior researcher
Nuclear physicist. Female. My ancestral home is Lingshi, Shanxi, and I was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu. 1936 graduated from Tsinghua University. 1940 received a doctorate in engineering from the Higher Institute of Technology in Berlin, Germany. Researcher, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. During the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Royal Institute of Heidelberg (K.W.I), Germany, the elastic collision phenomenon of almost all electrons and electrons exchanging energy was discovered and studied for the first time. During my work in the nuclear chemistry laboratory of the Institut de France in Paris, France, I first discovered and studied the three points and four points of uranium with my collaborators. In the early days of the People's Republic of China, we and our collaborators successfully developed a particle-sensitive nuclear latex detector. He has made important contributions in leading laboratory construction, alpine cosmic ray observation station, high-altitude balloon, high-energy astrophysics and other fields. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Hexiantu
Existing academicians
Theoretical physicist. Zhenjiang, Zhejiang. 1962 graduated from the Physics Department of Zhejiang University. Researcher, China Academy of Engineering Physics. He has made outstanding achievements in China's nuclear weapons research. As the chief scientist, he led the work of the national "863 Plan" inertial confinement fusion expert group and made important contributions to the formation of an independent inertial confinement fusion research system in China. The development model of local thermal balance ignition to low temperature non-local thermal balance combustion is put forward. Together with the research group, the important progress of indirectly driven thermonuclear neutrons was obtained for the first time in China. In the research of plasma physics, the correct expression of self-generated magnetic field generated by electromagnetic wave is obtained for the first time in the world, and the cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrodinger equation and its solitary wave solution are derived from vlasov-Maxwell equations for the first time, and many creative achievements such as the acceleration mechanism of particles in solitary waves and the small-scale turbulence of plasma coherent structure are obtained. In the research of nonlinear science, the mode dynamics and spatio-temporal chaos of nearly integrable Hamiltonian system have been studied for the first time in China, and the spatio-temporal chaos of the above system and a new approach have been found in foreign literature review. 1995 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
flood
senior researcher
A physicist. Beijingers. 1940 graduated from Tsinghua University, 1948 Ph.D. in physics. He is currently a researcher at the Low Temperature Technology Experimental Center of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is one of the pioneers in the research of cryogenic physics and cryogenic technology in China. 1950, purdue university discovered the abnormal behavior of low temperature conductance and hall effect of semiconductor germanium single crystal, and put forward a new concept of semiconductor band gap impurity conduction. Since 1950s, the Institute of Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences has established a cryogenic physics laboratory, built a hydrogen-helium liquefaction system, started research on cryogenic and superconductivity, and further carried out research on cryogenic refrigeration and experimental technology. Participate in the establishment of low temperature physics major in China University of Science and Technology; Responsible for the establishment of the Cryogenic Technology Experimental Center of China Academy of Sciences, dedicated to the comprehensive research and application development of Cryogenic Engineering Technology and Cryogenic Physics; Actively participated in the academic organization of China Refrigeration Society and the International Cryogenic Engineering Council, and promoted academic exchanges at home and abroad, and was awarded the Mendel Mori Susumu Prize in 2000 by the International Cryogenic Engineering Council. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Huang Kun
The late academician
Solid state physics, semiconductor physicist. Originally from Jiaxing, Zhejiang, I was born in Beijing. 194 1 graduated from yenching university. 1948 received a doctorate from Bristol University. 1980 was elected as a foreign academician of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Sweden University. 1985 was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences. Researcher and honorary director of Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Mainly engaged in solid state physics theory and semiconductor physics research, and achieved many international achievements. He is one of the pioneers of semiconductor physics research in China. In 1950s, he and his collaborators first put forward the quantum theory of multi-phonon radiation and non-radiation transition, namely "Huang-Pecard theory". Firstly, the coupled vibration mode of phonons and electromagnetic waves in crystals and the related basic equations (called yellow equations) are proposed. In the 1940s, the theory of X-ray diffuse scattering (called yellow scattering) caused by impurity defects in solids was put forward for the first time. The equivalence between adiabatic approximation without radiation transition and static coupling theory is proved, and some basic problems in this regard are clarified. Won the highest national science and technology award 200 1. 1955 was elected as a member of China Academy of Sciences.
Huang Rungan
Existing academicians
Born in Beijing, an astrophysicist, his ancestral home is Hengshan, Hunan. 1958 graduated from Schiller University in Germany. Researcher, Yunnan Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Engaged in stellar physics research for a long time. He has made important contributions to the non-conservative evolution of binary stars, the theory of stellar wind shock wave and the material loss of stellar wind. It is found that there are various complex factors when the binary star has material loss and angular momentum loss, which lays a strict mathematical foundation for the non-conservative evolution of the binary star. In cooperation with Veigert, he first put forward the theory of stellar wind shock wave, which has been widely used in the world and confirmed by a large number of observation results of ultraviolet and X-ray satellites. In the cooperation with Weigert, we found that convective overshoot plays an important role in the evolution of stars, and put forward a method to judge the size of convective overshoot area through the evolution process of Cepheid variable stars, so that convective overshoot can be determined through astronomical observation. 1999 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Huang shengnian
Existing academicians
Nuclear physicist. People from Taicang, Jiangsu. 1950- 1952 studied in the physics department of Tsinghua University, and 1952- 1955 studied in the physics department of Leningrad university in the Soviet Union. Researcher of China Institute of Atomic Energy, graduate department consultant of China nuclear industry. Some nuclear data (disputed abroad) needed for the utilization of nuclear energy have been confirmed or clarified. Experiments on spontaneous fission systems of uranium, plutonium and thorium nuclides and uranium -238 and plutonium -240 caused by various energy neutrons have been completed. The method and device were established and the background neutrons of uranium metal were determined. After 1979, californium-252 spontaneous fission, a typical fission with low excitation energy, was systematically and detailedly experimented. The fine structure of debris mass distribution in high kinetic energy events was observed, and various correlation characteristics of tritium and α particles accompanying fission (triple fission) were obtained. 199 1 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Huang Zuqia
senior researcher
Theoretical physicist. People from Changsha, Hunan. 1948 graduated from Tsinghua, 1950 graduated from our university. Professor of Beijing Normal University. Mainly engaged in nuclear theory, neutron theory, reactor theory, transport theory and nonlinear dynamics research. He is one of the main academic leaders in the theoretical research and design of nuclear weapons in China. He actively participated in and led the research work of atomic bomb theory in China, and made important contributions to the development, design and finalization of nuclear weapons in China and the success of a series of other scientific experiments. The first heavy water reactor in China was calculated theoretically, and the critical size data designed by Soviet experts was revised. In recent years, people have done a lot of research on the interaction of excited States of hydrogen molecules, wetting phase transition theory and the influence of noise in random systems. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Li Jiaming
Existing academicians
A physicist. People from Kunming, Yunnan. 1968 graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Taiwan Province Provincial University. 1974, Ph.D., Department of Physics, University of Chicago. 1992 was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences. Director and professor of Tsinghua University Atomic and Molecular Measurement and Control Science Center, researcher of Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The multi-channel quantum number loss theory is studied and developed. Quantum electrodynamics is applied to high energy atomic processes, and the internal relationship between electron bremsstrahlung process (high energy photon energy region) and radiation recombination process is expounded. The relativistic multi-channel quantum number loss theory is established, which lays a theoretical foundation for analyzing the excited state energy level structure of high ionization and high Z atoms. The theoretical calculation method of non-relativistic multiple scattering molecular self-consistent field is established, and the electronic structure of molecular Rydberg state is expounded. At the same time, the multi-channel theoretical calculation method of atomic transcendence self-consistent field is established, and the electron correlation effect is expounded. 199 1 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Li tibei
Existing academicians
High-energy astrophysicist. Born in Beibei, Chongqing, his ancestral home is Youxian County, Hunan Province. 1963 graduated from department of engineering physics, Tsinghua University. Researcher, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Director of the Academic Committee of the Open Laboratory of Cosmic Ray and High Energy Astrophysics; Professor Tsinghua University, Director of Tsinghua Astrophysics Center. Mainly engaged in cosmic ray physics and high-energy astrophysics research. Important achievements have been made in the experimental research and data analysis of cosmic rays and high-energy astrophysics. Initiate and organize the experimental research on high-energy astrophysics in China. A statistical model of the gamma-ray source in the Milky Way is put forward, which has been recognized internationally. The calculation formula for finding ultra-high energy celestial bodies has been established, which has become a standard method for analyzing cosmic rays and high energy astrophysical data. The direct demodulation method of object reconstruction and the time domain spectrum method of studying sudden change phenomenon are established, which have been widely used. 1997 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Ma Judas
senior researcher
A physicist. Originally from Chaoyang, Guangdong, I was born in Beijing. 1936 graduated from Peking University. 1939 obtained the master's degree and doctor's degree from Harvard University. Researcher, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Mainly engaged in the research of physical acoustics and architectural acoustics, which is the normal mode theory in room acoustics. Simple normal wave calculation formula and new room reverberation analysis method have become a new milestone in the development of contemporary architectural acoustics and have been widely used. In 1950s, he led the design and construction of the first acoustic laboratory in China, put forward a new theory of statistical analysis and distribution of speech, successfully led the sound quality design of the Great Hall of the People, and put forward some important theories such as sound absorption structure, jet noise and its theory and application, environmental science, nonlinear acoustics and so on. 1955 was elected as a member of China Academy of Sciences.
Ouyang Zhongcan
Existing academicians
Theoretical physicist. Quanzhou, Fujian 1968 graduated from the department of automatic control in Tsinghua University, and 198 1 and 1984 successively obtained the master of science and doctor of science degrees from the department of physics. Researcher, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Mainly engaged in the research on the basic theory of biofilm liquid crystal model theory, liquid crystal physics and condensed matter physics. Based on the surface variational technique, the general shape equation of membrane bubbles with spontaneous curvature is derived. It is predicted theoretically for the first time that there should be two kinds of annular membrane bubbles with radius ratio of 2 square root and infinity, which belong to 1, and it is completely confirmed by experiments. A chiral membrane theory that breaks through the framework of Helfrich fluid membrane is proposed. Four analytical solutions of membrane shape equation are found. The theory of optical frequency doubling of D∞h symmetric liquid crystal is put forward, which is completely consistent with the experiment. The exact solution of director under the condition of weak anchoring of super twisted liquid crystal cell is given. 1997 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Peng huanwu
senior researcher
A physicist. Originally from Macheng, Hubei, I was born in Changchun, Jilin. 1940 received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Edinburgh. 1948 was elected as an academician of the Royal Irish Academy of Sciences. Researcher and honorary director of Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has been engaged in the basic and applied research of theoretical physics, and has carried out research on nuclear and two-particle chemical bonds, rapid heating process of ingots, reactor theory and engineering design, and critical safety in China. He has done a lot of pioneering teaching and training and academic organization and leadership for atomic energy science in China. It has made some contributions to the research and theoretical design of the first generation atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb in China. 1955 was elected as a member of China Academy of Sciences.
Qian Weichang
senior researcher
Mathematicians in physics, mechanics and application. People from Wuxi, Jiangsu. 1935 graduated from Tsinghua University physics department. 1942 received his Ph.D. in applied mathematics from the University of Toronto, Canada. 1955 was elected as an academician of Polish Academy of Sciences. President of Shanghai University, Director of Shanghai Institute of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics. One of the founders of mechanics, applied mathematics and Chinese informatics in China. The unified theory of plate and shell purlin and nonlinear differential equation of shallow shell are established, which has made important contributions to waveguide theory, singular perturbation theory, lubrication theory, ring shell theory, generalized variational principle, finite element method, armor-piercing mechanics, large motor design, high-energy battery, aerodynamics and Chinese information. 1955 was elected as a member of China Academy of Sciences.
Qian Xuesen
senior researcher
Scientists in applied mechanics, engineering cybernetics and systems engineering. Originally from Hangzhou, Zhejiang, I was born in Shanghai. 1934 graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University. 1939 received a doctorate in aviation and mathematics from California Institute of Technology. 1994 was selected as an academician of China Academy of Engineering. Senior Consultant and Researcher of Science and Technology Committee of General Armament Department of China People's Liberation Army. Honorary Chairman of China theoretical and applied mechanics Society, China Automation Society, China Aerospace Society and China Systems Engineering Society, Honorary Chairman of the Presidium of China Academy of Sciences and Honorary Chairman of China Association for Science and Technology. He used to be the vice minister of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry, the deputy director of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission and the chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology. He has made outstanding research achievements in the fields of applied mechanics, engineering cybernetics and systems engineering, and made outstanding contributions to the establishment and development of China's space industry. 199 1 was awarded the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist". 1999 won the "Two Bombs and One Satellite Meritorious Medal". 1957 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences (member of the faculty).
Qu Qinyue
Existing academicians
Mu Ping, an astrophysicist. 1957 graduated from Nanjing University. 1990 was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences. Professor of Nanjing University. China was one of the earliest astronomers who studied the new subject of high energy astrophysics. A series of research achievements have been made in frontier fields such as neutron star, X-ray source and γ -ray source. Together with the collaborators, the statistical curve of pulsar energy loss rate-characteristic time scale is obtained, which clarifies the international debate about whether JP 1953 is a neutron star. The collaborator suggested that the anomalous neutron star may be a new type of compact star, and obtained the mass limit of the anomalous neutron star. Some theoretical models of supernova remnants with specific shapes are proposed. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Shen
Existing academicians
Experimental nuclear physicist. Born in Shanghai. 1967 graduated from department of engineering physics, Tsinghua University. Researcher, Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, China Academy of Sciences. In the research on the emission particles below 73MeV 12C+209Bi by Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is confirmed that there is α particle emission caused by mass transfer reaction in low-energy nuclear reaction. It is proved that there is deep inelastic scattering in the optical system and a new reaction mechanism of incomplete deep inelastic scattering is confirmed. He has made important contributions to the construction of Lanzhou National Heavy Ion Accelerator Experimental Zone and the organization of many experiments. In 1980s, the German Heavy Ion Research Center obtained the best mass and charge distribution in the world at that time by software correction method, and detected four new nuclides. The physical properties and mass relaxation time of quasi-fission are measured, and its influence on the synthesis of superheavy nuclei is analyzed. In 1990s, together with students from Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, a parameterized formula of nuclear reaction cross section suitable for middle and low energy was put forward. A new method for calculating the reaction cross section by BUU equation is developed, and the reason for the increase of neutron distribution dispersion in light neutron-rich nuclei is pointed out. The nuclear state equation of the photoreaction system and the nucleon-nucleon interaction cross section in the medium are obtained. 1999 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Shen
Existing academicians
A physicist. Liyang, Jiangsu 1958 graduated from physics department of Fudan university. Researcher, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The optical compensation double-beam Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method is developed and the acoustic local mode is found. The Fourier transform photothermal thermoelectric method is developed, which improves the detection sensitivity of shallow impurities in silicon by an order of magnitude. The spectral methods of inter-band transition, exciton transition induced parallel * * vibration enhancement modulation and cyclotron * * vibration are proposed and realized for the first time. The measurement method of modulation absorption spectrum under high pressure is developed. He has done a lot of research on superlattice quantum wells, semi-magnetic semiconductors and amorphous semiconductors, and has written books such as Optical Properties of Semiconductors. 1995 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Su dingqiang
Existing academicians
Astronomers. Born in Shanghai, my ancestral home is Wujin, Jiangsu. Researcher, National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959 graduated from the astronomy department of Nanjing University. He is currently the Chairman of the 9th Committee of the International Astronomical Union (LAU) (Astronomical Instruments and Technology), a member of the Astronomical Expert Committee of China Academy of Sciences, and an adjunct professor of Nanjing University. He used to be the vice chairman of the Chinese Astronomical Society, a judge of the National Natural Science Award, a visiting researcher at Beijing Observatory, and an adjunct professor at the University of Science and Technology of China and Beijing Normal University. In the research of optical system of large telescope, a series of new folding shafting and prism correction devices are proposed. These works have been highly praised internationally and applied in some telescopes at home and abroad. With Wang Yanan researcher * * *, a special optical system optimization program has been established, which has been used in the design of astronomical optical systems in China since 1972. * * Together with Academician Wang Shouting, the preliminary scheme of large-area multi-target optical fiber spectral telescope (LAMOST) is put forward, which is now under development. Led the development of the first birefringent filter and the first active optical experimental system in China. He has completed many studies on the overall scheme of large telescope, aspheric optical system, advanced aberration, optical system optimization, birefringent filter, active optics and so on, and published 58 papers. He won the first prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, the second prize of the National Natural Science Award and the China Academy of Sciences Award for four times, all of which were the first to complete. 1999 won the He Liang Heli Science and Technology Progress Award. 199 1 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
king
Existing academicians
A physicist. Born in Nanjing, Jiangsu. 1958 graduated from Peking University physics department. Researcher, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The generalized Green's function theory of piezoelectric crystal surface excitation is established, which constitutes the theoretical basis of modern saw technology. According to this universal surface excitation theory, the diffraction field generated by the surface source of piezoelectric crystal is strictly analyzed, which overcomes the defects of the popular angular spectrum theory. The exact expression of scattering field generated by surface acoustic wave in surface grid array is obtained. Some surface acoustic wave and high frequency bulk wave devices and systems have been developed. Based on the study of the electric load characteristics of piezoelectric vibration system, the structure of piezoelectric adjustable frequency converter and the principle of piezoelectric vibration reduction are put forward. The sonoluminescence of a single cavitation bubble was also studied. It is found that there is electromagnetic radiation besides optical radiation, and it is proved that radiation occurs at the moment of cavitation closure. 200 1 Elected Member of China Academy of Sciences.
Wang Xun
Existing academicians
Surface physics, semiconductor physicist. 1934 was born in Shanghai. Originally from Wuxi, Jiangsu. 1956 graduated from physics department of Fudan university, 1960 graduated from this department. Professor of Fudan University. The structure and electronic state of semiconductor surface and interface are systematically studied, in which InP polar surface is groundbreaking. In the study of porous silicon, the optical nonlinear phenomenon of porous silicon was found, and the blue light emission of porous silicon was realized, which was cited by 1992 as one of the six major advances in porous silicon research. The pinning phenomenon of luminescence peak of porous silicon was found, and the energy band shift of porous silicon/silicon interface was measured. Many innovative achievements have been made in the development of high-quality germanium-silicon superlattices, the study of physical properties of germanium-silicon quantum wells and quantum dots, and the cooperative development of new silicon-germanium devices. Leading the establishment of the State Key Laboratory of Applied Surface Physics and leading the research to achieve many important achievements. 1999 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Wu Shishu
senior researcher
Theoretical physicist. Yihuang people in Jiangxi. 1944 graduated from Tongji University. 195 1 received a doctorate in philosophy from Illinois state university. Professor of Jilin University. Mainly engaged in the research and teaching of nuclear theory, especially nuclear many-body theory. In 1950s, shell model theory was used to deal with muons and photonuclear effects, which was called "Wu model". Green's function method, nonlinear integral equation theory and extended configuration hybrid method are established and developed. The nuclear properties, nuclear structure and relativistic many-body problems at zero temperature and finite temperature are systematically studied by Green's function method, and the strict expression of the relativistic equivalent interaction between finite temperature and finite temperature is obtained. A new method of phase dielectric logging is proposed, which solves the problem of judging water flooded layer in oilfield. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
West Zong Ze
Existing academicians
Astronomical historian. Shanxi Yuanqu people. 195 1 graduated from the astronomy department of sun yat-sen university. Academician of the International Academy of History of Science and the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences. Researcher, Institute of Natural Science History, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Seven criteria for distinguishing nova from history books and two criteria for distinguishing nova from supernova are put forward. From the historical documents of China, North Korea and Japan, 90 suspected nova were found, of which 12 may belong to supernova. The relationship between these 12 supernovae, supernova remnants observed today and radio sources was discussed. It is pointed out that Jupiter's Galileo satellite can be seen without a telescope, and Ganymede was observed during the Warring States Period. The astronomical data unearthed in Mawangdui and the astronomical data in Dunhuang documents are systematically studied. He also made an in-depth study of astronomy and China's ancient theory of the universe. 199 1 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Xian dingchang
Existing academicians
Theoretical physicist and synchrotron radiation application expert. People from Guangzhou, Guangdong. 1956 graduated from Peking University physics department. Researcher, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Led the establishment of the first synchrotron radiation laboratory in China, made correct decisions in scientific planning, physical design and engineering design, and solved a series of problems such as design, construction, installation and debugging. In the special mode, its performance has reached or approached the level of the second generation synchrotron radiation light source running in the world, and it has been used in research work. The relativistic invariant space calculation method, cumulant variational method and analytic continuation method have been developed, and many important achievements have been made in the theoretical research of classical gauge field, meson four-dimensional wave function and lattice gauge field. At the same time, the idea of X-ray photoacoustic EXAFS was put forward abroad, which opened up a new field of synchrotron radiation application. 199 1 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Xie Jialin
senior researcher
Accelerator physicist. Born in Harbin, Heilongjiang, originally from Wuqing, Hebei. 1943 graduated from yenching university. 195 1 received a doctorate in physics from Stanford university. He is currently a researcher at the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. During his stay in the United States, he led the development of the medical electron linear accelerator with the highest energy in the world. 1955 returned to China, and led the completion of the electron linac, high-power klystron and electron cyclotron which can develop to high energy in the early 1960s. In 1980s, he led the design, development and construction of the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. In the early 1990s, he led the construction of Beijing Free Electron Laser. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Xiong darun
Existing academicians
Astronomers. Originally from Nanchang, Jiangxi, I was born in Ji 'an, Jiangxi. 1962 graduated from the Department of Geophysics, Peking University. Researcher at Purple Mountain Observatory, China Academy of Sciences, chief scientist of the national climbing project "Multi-band observation and research of intense celestial activities". In the study of stellar convection theory and its related problems of stellar structure, evolution and pulsation stability, the traditional mixed-length convection theory is abandoned, and independent unsteady stellar convection statistical theory and nonlocal convective statistical theory are developed, which are successfully applied to the theoretical calculation of variable star pulsation and the evolution of massive stars, explaining the red end boundary of the unstable region of variable star pulsation, and overcoming the theoretical difficulty of the so-called semi-convection region which is famous in the calculation of the evolution of massive stars by traditional theories. Compared with the traditional theory, the new theory obtains more consistent results with the observation. 199 1 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Xu zhizhan
Existing academicians
A physicist. People from Changzhou, Jiangsu. 1962 graduated from Fudan university. 1965 graduated from Peking University. Researcher and director of Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has been in charge of the research of laser nuclear fusion for a long time, and has made outstanding contributions to the neutron emission, the compression of microsphere targets, the establishment of the whole computer code and the establishment of six laser targeting devices. In the field of interaction between laser and plasma, especially in the study of nonlinear process or instability, systematic and in-depth research has been carried out from both experimental and theoretical aspects, and many groundbreaking and important results have been achieved. In the field of X-ray laser, 198 1 year realized the inversion of particle number, and found a new inversion region. For the first time in the world, eight new wavelengths of X-ray lasers were obtained by using lithium-like and sodium-like ion schemes, and the shortest wavelength reached 46.8 angstrom. Important achievements have been made in the field of high-field laser science and technology, especially in the research of new ultra-short and ultra-intense laser, the interaction between high-field laser and atoms, molecules, electrons, clusters and plasma, and the acceleration of particles driven by high-field laser. 199 1 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Yangjiafu
Existing academicians
Nuclear physicist. Originally from Zhenhai, Zhejiang, I was born in Shanghai. 1958 graduated from physics department of Fudan university. 199 1 was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences. Professor of Fudan University, Director of Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, China Academy of Sciences. Led, organized and basically built the "Accelerator-based Atomic and Nuclear Physics Laboratory". The decay formula of complex energy level is given, and various formulas known at home and abroad are summarized, which are used in radioactive factories and mines and extended to the life measurement of nuclear energy level, and the universal formula for measuring nuclear life by graphic center method is given. Lead the experimental group to find the narrowest dipole in the world by γ * * * vibration absorption method. Initiate the research field of China ion beam analysis. In the aspect of beam-foil interaction, the polarization transfer caused by oblique foil is studied by double foil (straight foil plus oblique foil) for the first time, and the influence of channel effect on polarization is studied by single crystal gold foil to confirm the polarization mechanism. The representative monographs are modern atomic and nuclear physics. 199 1 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Yang Liming
The late academician
Theoretical physicist. Jiangsu Lishui people. 1942 graduated from the Mechanical Department of Chongqing Central University. 1948 received a doctorate in theoretical physics from the University of Edinburgh, UK.