Greater China 1. Basic definition: 1. The word "Chinese" has a short history. 1905, China officially opened a new school. At that time, all the courses and textbooks were imported from the west, only one subject was Chinese, and ancient Chinese was also taught, which was called "Chinese" at that time. In the late 1930s. Ye Shengtao and Xia Mianzun put forward the concept of "China people". & lt The Modern Chinese Dictionary explains the abbreviation of language and literature. Xinhua Dictionary is annotated as "language and literature", which also means "language and article" or "language and literature". Today, Chinese refers to the combination of language and literary expression. 2. The concepts of "big language" and "big language" hold that Chinese education is based on the better development of people's body and mind. Therefore, Chinese education is not only for students to better express their own language, but also to help students form a good way of thinking, cultivate good and healthy emotional and psychological cognition, and improve and enhance their own personality and humanistic cultivation. It is called "holistic education" and "holistic composition". Chinese is a subject that pays equal attention to emotion and intelligence. Mr. Liu, a master of Chinese teaching, believes that there is no contradiction between Chinese knowledge education and ideological and moral education, and both "literature" and "Tao" can be taken into account. "One-sided emphasis on instrumentality and one-sided emphasis on humanity are not desirable and can be well integrated." Second, what is the content of Chinese education in primary schools? (1) Summary of Grade One and Grade Two in primary school: Grade One and Grade Two in primary school is the real golden season for children's memory, and it is also the best opportunity for the convergence and transformation of spoken and written language. Don't waste children's extracurricular time trying to make them understand the meaning and appreciate the classics. Focus on improving the language in the first and second grades of primary school: notes for the first grade (back): ★★★★★★ ★ Listening and speaking: ★★★★★★ ★ Reading: ★☆ Writing: ★★★★ ★ Listening and speaking: ★★★★ ★ Writing: ★★★☆1,literacy and writing if you want. After entering primary school, it is not recommended to enroll children in extracurricular pinyin literacy classes. At least one thing is that I believe that the language education system in the lower grades of primary schools in China will have no problem in teaching children to read and write. Think about it. If a child has not mastered the most basic reading and writing problems after entering primary school for four years, can two hours of extracurricular classes every week solve it? If extra-curricular classes are needed to solve this problem, what do children do at school? We all know the importance of reading and writing in the lower grades of primary school. However, parents are not advised to enroll their children in simple pinyin literacy classes, which is a repeated waste of children's time and family finances. 2. In the lower grades of primary school, there are two basic skills of reading ability that must be solved: one is to teach children to read correctly, so as to cultivate and improve their sense of language. Many parents and teachers have found some problems in their children's compositions, such as unreasonable sentences, sick sentences, and inverted word order. They mistakenly think that it is the children's language logic, word formation and sentence-making ability, but the real problem is not writing itself, but the reason why problem children's sense of language is not cultivated and he is weak in reading, which can be solved through reasonable reading training. The second is to learn to read silently, which helps to improve children's fast reading ability and physical and mental perception. 3. Recite (recite) poems and songs, with a total of no less than 100 (paragraph), read no less than 200 classic articles of traditional culture skillfully, and read no less than 65438+ 10,000 words of modern novels and articles. At this time, many articles will be memorized and often remembered for a lifetime. Today's high school students can successfully recite less than 40 poems on average. Whether it is the advantage of answering questions in the college entrance examination or the development of children's lives, these two years will leave a lot of wealth for children. 4. The thinking characteristics of the students in the lower grades of listening and speaking primary school determine that the traditional picture-reading and speaking education can not better mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and listening and speaking ability. We suggest that children choose more interactive and storyline classes when improving extracurricular training, instead of a large number of "picture-telling" classes. At present, the pictures of "Look at Pictures and Speak" course in many training institutions in society are too didactic, far away from students' lives, and unable to mobilize students' enthusiasm for participation. Only under the constant guidance of teachers can students suddenly realize that it is difficult to achieve the desired effect of "listening and speaking" ability training without a strong desire to express, listen and participate in the classroom. 5. Writing, as the basis of language application ability, has arranged enough exercises in word formation, sentence formation and word use in primary school classes. Therefore, simple training in word formation, sentence formation and word use is basically guaranteed in school. Arranging children to learn these contents after class often misses the best opportunity to cultivate their language expression ability. At this stage, it is the best time for oral and written language to connect and transform each other. Children should be trained in the professional connection of oral and writing skills, so that their oral and writing skills can develop harmoniously, instead of spending a lot of time on the same word formation and sentence formation. If you miss this opportunity, more children will have to pay twice as much energy in the future, and may not be able to achieve the same effect. Students in grade two of primary school should be able to write about 300 words in 40 minutes after training in speaking and writing. Many parents will find it difficult. At that time, because we let our children learn in the wrong direction and underestimated their potential, we failed to do a good job of cohesion training in speaking and writing ability. (2) Summary of the third and fourth grades of primary school: The third and fourth grades of primary school are an important period for children's whole literacy according to their own age characteristics and cognitive development. In this period, children's views on their own writing and reading ability often determine a child's positive or negative attitude towards their own reading and writing ability. This attitude will directly determine whether children will get closer to or away from this subject. We find that students who have good grades in junior high school Chinese and write well will feel that their compositions are good in the third and fourth grades of primary school, so they are willing to stay close to this subject all the time, which will affect the study of the whole Chinese subject in the future. Therefore, the first problem to be solved at this stage is to make the child not afraid of writing, feel that his composition is not bad, and even like writing, which has a very important impact on his future Chinese learning; Secondly, expand students' reading range, let children read their favorite books under certain principles, and cultivate children's generalization and understanding ability in the fourth grade; Finally, it is extremely important to help children form a good way of thinking, cultivate good and healthy emotional and psychological cognition, and improve and enhance students' own personality. Focus on improving Chinese in the third and fourth grades of primary school: writing in the third grade: ★★★★☆ reading: ★★★★★ Emotion and personality: ★☆ memorizing (memorizing): ★★★★ I heard: ★★★★★ Writing in the fourth grade of primary school: ★★★★★ Reading: ★★★☆ Emotion and personality: ★ I heard: ★ Some parents think that their children lose more points in reading exams at school. They think that as long as the reading goes up, there will be no problem in the exam, and as a result, they will still lose points next time, and parents don't know where the problem lies. Some parents think that their children lose few points in reading in the exam, so they think that their children get good grades in Chinese reading and ignore extracurricular reading. After the middle grade of primary school, we say that Chinese reading includes two aspects, one is extracurricular reading and the other is exam-oriented reading ability, which should be treated separately. In terms of extracurricular reading, children should ensure no less than 800,000 words of extracurricular reading every year, and it is not recommended that children enroll in reading courses focusing on "American Literature Appreciation" and "Introduction to Famous Books". If a child has mastered silent reading and appropriate speed reading methods before, his reading efficiency can be better guaranteed (at the same time, it is not recommended that children learn and use professional speed reading shorthand methods too much in the third and fourth grades). This is not good for them to improve their reading memory, understanding and reading and writing ability. Reading accumulation is a long-term process, not an exam. There is no need to rush for success, just like a child growing up, don't let him eat more fast food, otherwise he looks strong, but in fact he is weak and empty. The improvement of reading test-taking ability can not be solved through a lot of reading, but needs special training. At this stage, the focus of reading training should be on generalization and preliminary understanding. At this time, there should not be a lot of word formation, sentence formation and pinyin training in reading training questions, which is a repetition and ineffective waste of children's learning time. Parents are advised to choose teaching materials or training contents that focus on generalization and understanding. Judging from the original intention of many training institutions, the earlier children take part in reading study, the better, and the more classes they enroll in, the better the school will be. Therefore, the Chinese reading class is becoming younger and younger in society. However, as a senior educator specializing in Chinese reading and writing education, parents are advised not to enroll in special Chinese reading classes until their children are in the fourth grade. Although some progress has been made, we believe that successful education is to seize the best opportunity to cultivate students' different abilities and make them achieve better learning and development results. It is of little significance to participate in reading training too early. It's just right since the fourth grade. 2. The greatest advantage of students in grade three and four of composition primary school is that they are extremely sensitive to intuitive, life-oriented, vivid and three-dimensional things, and those abstract, empty and indirect things cannot arouse their real sensory interest and psychological buzz. In the third and fourth grades, the whole language learning focuses on improving writing and expression skills. In order to achieve this goal better, the education we give our children must conform to this specific cognitive law. There are two main ways for human beings to know the world, one is direct perception, and the other is understanding and singing the existing experience. Traditional writing teaching focuses on teachers' appreciation and analysis of excellent works, and the understanding and explanation of writing skills and methods can not produce a direct impression, and often can only follow the teacher's attached understanding. The improvement of language expression ability needs direct overall perception, not disassembly research. Four or five-year-old children don't know grammar and sentence order, but they can still express what they want to say very vividly and concretely; A child studying English in China for three years might as well stay in the United States for three months. Therefore, when choosing teachers, parents should pay attention to those teachers who can impart writing knowledge to students through intuitive, vivid and vivid language and examples, which is helpful to cultivate students' interest in writing from the beginning. Parents are not advised to choose classes with a large number of words explanation, fragment training and article appreciation as the main forms and contents. It is necessary to cultivate children, but the time and way are wrong. If you are not afraid to write a composition at the end of the fourth grade, you can easily write an excellent article of about 500 words according to the topic, which will lay a good foundation for children's future and even middle school Chinese learning, and it is also the most important work for children to complete in Chinese at this stage. 3. Emotion and Personality The third and fourth grades are an important period for students to form their emotions and personality. Therefore, we have also arranged development suggestions in this area, and arranged the educational content in this area into the teaching process. In the composition class, through interactive games, answering contests, teamwork and other links, the emotional and personality education content that can be organically combined with the teaching content of each class is implemented. These emotions and personality cultivation include self-confidence, self-esteem, responsibility, respect for others, sharing spirit, understanding others, tolerance and understanding, and so on. At this stage, if we neglect the emotional guidance and personality perfection of children, a personality habit that is unfavorable to children's future growth becomes a part of the growth process, and when we want to correct it, we will take more detours and pay more energy. Therefore, as the carrier of emotional and intellectual cultivation, Chinese subject must incorporate this educational content into the teaching plan, and parents are also advised to choose institutions and teachers who can provide more help to their children in these aspects when participating in writing training. 4. The third and fourth grades are still the best time for children to remember. Taking this opportunity, the children still insist on reciting at least one (one) ancient poem or masterpiece every week, only about 50 poems a year, which can appropriately increase their understanding of the author and writing background. 5. Listening and speaking in dictation and oral English. At this stage, children need to be able to repeat and summarize the main story content in their own language after reading an article or listening to a story, make it clear, better understand the author's expression intention, and express their views in combination with people and things around them. Learn to tell stories about yourself or others in vivid language, and it is best to arouse others' interest in listening or infect others. You can express your views and opinions in combination with these things. On the one hand, the above two points can be strengthened by classroom speech and communication in writing class, on the other hand, parents can also create corresponding opportunities in their lives to facilitate students' faster improvement. (3) Summary of Grade 5 and 6: At this age, to a certain extent, don't treat them as children. Many parents can't communicate with their children. There is no real generation gap. If there is, it is that parents still treat them as children, but they don't think so. This is the root of the problem. As a parent, you should change your role and learn to share some problems and topics in your life with your children, and you will find that they will respond very positively. At this time, in the writing class, teachers also need to change their roles. Instead of taking children to play interactive games like the third and fourth grades, you need to share topics with your children during the lecture. This is determined by children's physical and mental cognitive ability, and we need to abide by this objective law. Junior high school is the busiest time for children, and it is also the best time for children to study in the whole primary school. It is suggested to use all kinds of time to increase children's reading, focusing on reading ancient and modern Chinese and foreign classics. In reading ability, this stage should focus on improving children's generalization ability, understanding ability and expression ability. In addition to children learning to write well, we should not forget the interview questions in junior high school, which are basically to test children's oral writing ability on the spot. So besides writing, listening and speaking training is absolutely indispensable in composition class training. Focus on improving junior middle school Chinese: fifth grade writing: reading: listening and speaking: ability and emotional intelligence: memorizing: sixth grade writing: listening and speaking: memorizing: memorizing. Naturally, don't force children to read books that you think are important and should be read. If this affects the development of children's good reading habits, it will not be worth the loss. We believe that any education and knowledge transfer should be based on the premise of not damaging children's enthusiasm and interest in learning, so is reading. Don't let your child become a person who doesn't like reading because of the required reading list. The reading volume at this stage is recommended to be no less than 800,000 words per year. Naturally, many parents will exceed this amount in actual operation. In terms of reading ability, this stage should focus on improving children's generalization ability, understanding ability and expression ability, while taking into account the reading practice of lyric prose and expository text. Parents are not advised to go to the bookstore to buy reading training books for their children in the same grade. To tell the truth, more than 90% of these books in the bookstore are relatively simple and the training efficiency is low. Don't think that some of the above questions are difficult or of high quality if children don't do them right, and some university professors in primary schools may not be able to do them right. The most prominent problem is that many primary school reading training questions are based on the requirements of the primary school syllabus of this grade. The cultivation of primary school reading ability is the preparation of junior high school reading, but the questioner often lacks an effective grasp of the requirements of middle school reading ability, let alone cultivate students' reading and writing ability from the perspective of overall and all-round development. Therefore, when choosing books and textbooks for Chinese reading training, parents are advised to choose books that focus on generalization, understanding and expression, rather than too many textbooks that focus on word formation and sentence formation, pinyin assessment and word filling. At the same time, they should try to choose reading materials that are higher than their actual grades. For the students of grade five or six, as long as their reading ability is not too weak, I suggest choosing the reading training book of grade one in junior high school. According to my long-term teaching and research experience, progress will be faster. Finally, it is recommended that children complete at least one reading training question every week. The types of questions are mainly expository, lyrical and narrative, focusing on the training of generalization, understanding and expression. 2. The study of composition in grade five and six focuses on solving problems such as clear theme (preferably slightly profound), novel conception, prominent focus and vivid language. As for specific writing, problems such as material selection, reasonable structure and specific description are mainly solved in the third and fourth grades. The above questions will not only be reflected in the composition, but also applied in the interview process of Xiaoshengchu. When the examiner asks any questions, he can quickly understand the intention of the other party (equivalent to the examination of the questions in the composition), be able to clarify the center of his answer (clear the theme), choose the angle of answering questions (the conception of the article), and be able to express them in an orderly manner (with emphasis), which is a great success. These trainings need to be combined with oral expression ability training to provide more substantial help for children in the process of junior high school. In the process of composition learning, it is usually helpful for children to participate in some essay competition activities, especially when the composition is praised by the teacher, published on the website, published in the journal, or competed or won prizes. The most important thing is not that the child is happy and excited at the moment, but that he or she will feel that his or her composition is well written. In the future, he (she) will have confidence in his/her own language and be willing to write more and contact more, thus forming a benign situation. When choosing a composition class, children should try to choose a teacher who can share appropriate topics with their children, so that it is easier to stimulate their interest in learning. At the same time, they should choose teaching materials, mainly focusing on explaining the theme, setting the theme, focusing on language and selecting materials. One thing to remind parents here is that many parents think that since their children are going to junior high school, reading and composition are very important. It is most suitable to choose "reading and writing" classes run by various institutions. If you sign up for a class, you can also learn two things. In view of the psychological needs of parents, various training institutions are offering "reading and writing" courses, and it is concluded that both reading and writing are beneficial. But in essence, the teaching effect of 16 mixed reading and writing class is not optimistic. I have talked about the specific reasons in teacher training lectures in various places, and I will not discuss them here. To put it simply, students learn composition on weekends in spring and autumn, and the effect is very good. There is still time to digest and consolidate in school every week, but it is not suitable for learning to read in spring and autumn, and the interval is too long to achieve the due learning effect. It is difficult for many parents to accept that the effect of reading and writing classes in spring and autumn is basically negligible. So, when is the right time to learn to read? It's summer vacation and winter vacation. Reading is more suitable for intensive training, while composition is just the opposite. 3. I heard that the listening and speaking training in the early junior middle school focuses on "speaking", that is, the improvement of oral expression ability. In addition to family communication, this link can also be realized through oral English in composition class. If there are 30 students in a class and no matter how good the teacher is, it is impossible for children to really improve in this respect. Therefore, children need such opportunities to express themselves in public in the middle and high schools, so when enrolling children, try to choose some good classes with small classes or few teachers. 4. Ability and EQ: After junior high school, autonomous learning ability, active learning ability and independent problem-solving ability become very important, which will directly determine whether children can maintain excellent grades in the new school. Then the cultivation of these abilities, habits and emotional intelligence is extremely important at this stage. This is what children lack most in all kinds of education. There are also summer camps with similar themes, which are relatively good, but limited by objective conditions, with short time and high intensity. It was vigorous at that time, and then it disappeared. The cultivation of these behavioral habits and emotional intelligence is a long-term process, which cannot be completed in a few days. 5. Back (back) Before the child 13 years old, memory has always been very dominant. At this stage, as long as time permits, children can still be taught to recite more ancient poems and modern classic articles. But a word of caution, don't read more composition books. It's okay to read one. Reading more books is not good. Children are not advised to recite beautiful sentences in modern Chinese (unless they are famous works). If children really want to accumulate something, then accumulate some idioms.