Compared with basic education, vocational education has its own characteristics. To sum up, the essence of vocational education should include at least four aspects: first, people-oriented; Second, teach students in accordance with their aptitude; Third, scientific management; Fourth, cultural shaping.
Vocational education is an educational activity that instructs the educated to acquire certain vocational skills or professional knowledge and form good professional ethics to meet the needs of engaging in certain social productive labor. Vocational education is also called vocational and technical education.
Such as pre-job training for employees and re-employment training for laid-off workers, and vocational schools such as vocational high schools, technical secondary schools and technical schools all belong to vocational education. The purpose of vocational education is to cultivate applied talents and workers with a certain cultural level and professional knowledge and skills. Compared with general education and adult education, vocational education pays more attention to the cultivation of practical skills and practical work ability.
What are the characteristics of vocational education?
1, adaptability
The first is the adjustment of the vocational education system. The state develops vocational education, establishes and perfects a vocational education system that meets the needs of socialist market economy and social progress, including the direction, level, teaching content, vocational training institutions and management of vocational education, and has always been in an active position to meet the needs of social and economic development.
The second is the adaptation of vocational education objects. Educated people should not only have a narrow professional nature or be limited to mastering one skill, because rapid change is the characteristic of our times. Therefore, the main purpose of future vocational education must be to make young people have strong adaptability.
The third is the adaptation of vocational education mode. In order to meet the needs of the market, vocational education should change from the traditional closed school-oriented mode to the diversified mixed school-running mode of enterprises, institutions, individual citizens and schools. In view of the above statement, some people question that basic education and higher education are also adaptable. This adaptability of basic education and higher education is still an integral part of vocational enlightenment education (basic education) and vocational preparatory education (higher education), and it is also the adaptability of vocational education.
2. Media
The intermediary nature of vocational education refers to the special position of vocational education between human development and social development, and between education and occupation. In other words, vocational education promotes people's personality development and social progress, which is not "universal" or "special object", but directly corresponds to social needs and personal survival. It is the most basic bridge to promote the combination of scientific spirit and humanistic spirit, improve the personality quality needed for social development, and make people's personality more suitable for social development, perfection and renewal. Both basic education and higher education shoulder the intermediary responsibility of cultivating "natural person" into "social person", but an important symbol of social person is professionalism.
3. Individuals
The foothold of vocational education can only be "individual existence" in reality. The main body engaged in vocational education and the main body receiving vocational education are people in real life. Their real life needs and abilities determine the educational purpose, content, methods, forms and levels of vocational education. Only those who are based on real life can objectively analyze the external phenomena and internal laws of vocational education. It is unscientific to leave its basic logical starting point, that is, people in real life, whether it is ideal or realistic vocational education.
4. It's true
Vocational education is a contradictory unity of history and transcendence. Historicity is the internal connection of vocational education, which is always dragged and restricted by certain historical premise, and vocational education cannot exist and develop in a vacuum. Vocational education has been restricted. Acknowledging its historicity means its finiteness and non-supremacy, but this does not mean that it has lost its transcendence. On the contrary, it is its historicity and the resulting limitation and non-supremacy that provide people with real freedom and possibility to develop vocational education. It can be said that its historicity provides realistic possibilities for its infinite openness, and vocational education is constantly in a limited state.
Step 5 be practical
Vocational education is a practice under the guidance of rationality, which can be divided into practical rationality and poetic rationality. Practical rationality of vocational education pays attention to educational methods, techniques and experiences, and pays attention to the benefits of vocational education (including economic benefits and social benefits, etc.). ), pay attention to the actual existence of individual students, base themselves on and return to real life. The poetic rationality of vocational education emphasizes "people-oriented" and "ultimate concern". Specifically, it is the ultimate idea of vocational education to pay attention to whether people's "potential" is fully exerted, whether people's personality is fully publicized and whether people's subjective personality is freely developed. The practical rationality of vocational education is not only for survival and profit, but also the result of human survival game for thousands of years, which is the historical choice of vocational education development game. The poetic rationality of vocational education is not a simple mirage, but an ideal value pursuit beyond utilitarianism, which also plays a guiding and restricting role in practical rationality. In a word, the practical rationality and poetic rationality of vocational education are different, complementary, interactive and restrictive.
Teaching advantages of vocational education
The first mature training system. Domestic vocational education has developed to a relatively mature level, and it is no longer as chaotic as before. After national rectification and industry baptism, the existing vocational education colleges are strong in brand, capital, teachers and employment, and cultivate subdivision, precision and specialization.
Second, the study time is short. Generally speaking, vocational education only has 1 year of intensive study time, and it is oriented to actual combat teaching, so as to strengthen the cultivation of professionals who meet the needs of society and enterprises. Therefore, its learning cost is very low, and its effect is quick, which can quickly solve the problems of employment and unemployment.
Third, the return on investment is high. One year's time cost, 1 to 20,000 capital investment. If you choose a good major, you can recover the cost in less than one year. For example, animation games, talent network salary data show that the average salary of domestic animation game talents is 6235 yuan per month, and the annual salary of people above 60,000 accounts for 45.4%.
The fourth skill+education+employment. Vocational education adopts the mode of "skills+education+employment". While learning skills, you can also take part in self-study exams or adult education. Skills and academic qualifications are correct, which also provides conditions for students who want to apply for civil servants and graduate students.