Yingxian county has fertile land, abundant water resources and high quality farmers, so it has a unique advantage to develop green pepper production. In recent years, county party committees and governments have continuously strengthened infrastructure construction. Through the integration of water conservancy and agricultural development funds, five high-efficiency water-saving parks have been built, and 6,543,800 mu of pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and infiltration irrigation have been developed, so that the water consumption per mu of green peppers has been reduced from 80 cubic meters in the past to about 45 cubic meters.
The county government organized vegetable farmers to set up the 146 association. Based on the breeding, planting, sales and processing of green peppers, the Association has gathered a large number of science and technology demonstration households, large marketers and brokers to lead farmers into the market. The association provides free pre-natal, mid-natal and post-natal services and technical guidance for vegetable farmers. The county has also opened a vegetable information network in 187 villages, and 150 vegetable brokers have set up blogs online to communicate with merchants and vegetable farmers in a timely and appropriate manner. Yingxian county puts science and technology in the first place. In 2007 alone, 62 training courses were held in rural areas, training 58,300 farmers. 850 science and technology demonstration households were established, the variety 1 10 was popularized, and the new technology 12 was established, which laid a good foundation for improving vegetable quality.
In order to expand the green pepper industry, the county party committee and government of Yingxian county promoted pollution-free cultivation techniques in 240,000 mu of green pepper fields in the county in 2007. The county has cultivated 20,000 mu of green peppers in National Area A, and cultivated 65,438+10,000 mu of excellent green peppers for protection. Green pepper market will be built 12, with an annual trading volume of 10 billion kg. Thirty-seven green pepper pre-cooling, constant temperature storage and dehydration plants have been built, with a processing capacity of 55,000 tons, forming a good mechanism for increasing the value of green pepper production, storage and sales in the county. At present, Yingxian has become the largest green pepper production base in northern Shanxi.
territorial scope
Green pepper is produced in Yingxian County, Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province. Yingxian County is located in the north of Shanxi Province, with a land span of112 58'-13 37' and a latitude of 3917'-39 45'. The plan of this county is a parallelogram. Hunyuan in the east, Shanyin County in the west, Huairen County in the north, Fan Shi and Daixian County in the south. County 12 townships with a population of 283,000, including 252,000 agricultural population. The total agricultural income was 2.475 billion yuan, the per capita net income of farmers was 3,946 yuan and the industrial output value was 890 million yuan. The total area of the county is 1708 square kilometers, 47.5 kilometers long from north to south and 46.5 kilometers wide from east to west. The transportation is very convenient, and the transportation is mainly by road. The density of county roads reaches 39.7 km/100 square km. Yingxian County is located at the southern end of Datong Basin. One mountain is divided into two parts, Hengshan Mountain, Longshou Mountain, Huanghuashan Mountain and Hunhe Sanggan River passing around the city. Mountains are like screens, and water rings are like belts. The territory is high in the south and low in the north, with the highest elevation of 2333 meters. The total production area is 2000 mu, and the annual output is 6.5438+0.2 million kg.
Natural ecological environment and human and historical factors
(1) Soil landform: The distribution of soil in Yingxian County is complicated due to the influence of landform, landform, hydrology, parent material, vegetation and human factors. The soil in the county is mostly sandy loam, which is deep and fertile. The general feature is that the zonal distribution is not obvious and has certain regularity.
(2) Hydrological situation: Yingxian County is located at the southern end of Datong Basin, with alluvial fans such as Dashiyu and Ruyueyu, adjacent to Zhenziliang Reservoir in the north and Sanggan River in the west, with a total water resource of 65.438+0.5 billion cubic meters, with a per capita water resource.
The volume is 564 cubic meters, and the total surface water flow in the county is 60 million cubic meters, and 90 million cubic meters of groundwater can be exploited. Surface runoff mainly comes from rainy season floods, and there are irrigation wells 12000 in Yingxian county.
(3) Climate: Yingxian is a continental climate with four distinct seasons, and climate change is mainly controlled by southwest airflow. The annual average temperature is 7.65438 0℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 36.6℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is -30.5℃. Monsoon is mainly concentrated in winter and spring, and the main wind direction is southwest wind, with an annual average wind speed of 2.4m/s and a maximum wind speed of 20m/s. The annual average rainfall is about 380mm. The precipitation is unevenly distributed in the year, generally concentrated in July, August and September, accounting for 65% of the total annual rainfall. The average annual evaporation is 1858.5mm, mainly from April to June, accounting for more than 75% of the annual evaporation. The first frost period is generally in late September, the thawing period is generally in late April of the following year, and the frost-free period in mountainous areas is 90- 1 10 days.
(4) Human and historical situation: Yingxian green pepper is deeply favored by Chinese people because of its unique qualities such as big meat, bright color, crisp taste, storage resistance and convenient transportation, and has become an important local product well-known at home and abroad. Yingxian green pepper has a long history. As early as the Yao and Shun period, there was a saying that "Yao Chuanzi plowed the fields". King Yao asked his eldest son Dan Zhu to come all the way from Pingyang with food and vegetable seeds to cultivate on this flat and shallow fertile soil. Danzhu worked hard in this ancient land covered with Yan Shennong's painstaking efforts and sweat, and carefully cultivated bumper crops and delicious fresh vegetables, especially the harvested green pepper (then called pepper), which tasted strange.
After the founding of New China, Yingxian green pepper inherited the traditional cultivation, introduced modern technology, and constantly improved the cultivation techniques, further improving the variety quality. It can be eaten raw as fruit, or boiled, fried, fried, boiled, steamed, brewed and pickled. Delicious. Delicious. Processed into green pepper sauce, it tastes all year round. Yingxian green pepper has a high-grade flavor and enjoys the reputation of "the best sweet pepper in the world". Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, people in Yingxian County have developed this product with traditional advantages, regarded planting green peppers as the leading industry for farmers to become rich and well-off, constantly developed production conditions, expanded planting area, and realized regional planting and large-scale operation of green pepper production. The county has a planting area of more than 200,000 mu and an annual output of more than 900 million kilograms of green peppers. It is the largest green pepper production base in China. In 200 1 year, Nanhe Vegetable Wholesale Market, the largest vegetable wholesale market in North China, was designated as one of the designated vegetable wholesale markets in China by the Ministry of Agriculture. Every July
In the middle of the year, aerial vegetable trucks from Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Shandong and other provinces flooded into Yingxian, crossed the Yangtze River, transported into Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hainan, and then exported to Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand and other places, showing their elegance and romantic style in domestic and foreign markets.
Production technical requirements
(1) Standard requirements for seedling facilities: select land with high and dry terrain, convenient transportation and good irrigation and drainage to build seedbeds, adopt improved sunshine beds and plastic greenhouse seedling facilities, and disinfect the seedling facilities. Specification: improved greenhouse: 0.5m- 1m, with a span of 2.5m-2m. Plastic shed: height difference 1m-l.5m, span 2m-4.5m, cultivated in spring and summer.
(2) Variety selection: select varieties with disease resistance, high quality, high yield, storage and transportation resistance and good commodity. To cultivate in the open field in early spring, we should choose middle-maturing and early-maturing varieties with strong disease resistance, low temperature tolerance in the early stage, strong heat resistance in the late stage and high yield in the early and middle stages. Seed quality: it meets the requirements of Grade 2 or above in GB16715.3-1999. Green pepper varieties cultivated in the open field: lantern-type mid-late maturity varieties: Zhongjiao 4, Zhongjiao 7, Tunyu 9, Cuilong 216; Horn type: Grain Rain Big Horn, Phoenix, Starlight118; Horn type mid-late maturing variety: "Bulgarian horn pepper".
(3) Production process management: Before sowing, soak the dry seeds in hot water at 55℃ for 65,438 05 minutes, stir constantly, take out the seeds, soak them in warm water at 30℃ for 6-8 hours, rub them by hand, then take out the seeds, wrap them in fine cotton yarn, put them on a hot kang at 25-30℃ for germination, and wash them with clean warm water every day. Preparation of nutrient soil for seedbed: select 3 parts of sandy loam soil of screened bean stubble or undergraduate crop stubble, sprinkle 5 parts of decomposed horse manure, stable manure or chicken manure, furnace ash residue 1 part, add 1.5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 250 g of urea to each cubic meter of seedbed soil, shallow hoe it twice, and turn it over 1cm Disinfect the seedbed soil in the seedbed according to the dosage of 65,438+0m265,438+00g, mix it with carbendazim and 65,438+00 times fine soil, spread it evenly on the surface of the seedbed, hoe it into the soil and sow it evenly. Sowing date: Around March 20th, according to the seed size and planting density, 10- 15g seeds are generally used per square meter.
Sowing method: for protected production in spring, it can be sown when the ground temperature is about 65438 02℃ and the air temperature is above 20℃. Sprinkle a small amount of hot water on the bed surface with a watering can before sowing, and evenly spread a small amount of medicinal soil (per square meter 10g) or nutrient soil with a thickness of 0.5cm. When sowing, mix the "white" seeds into the fine soil and shake them with a fine sieve. When the seeds become single grains with uniform size, spread them gently and evenly on the seedbed just soaked with water, and cover them with 1cm.
Thick and fine soil, and then covered with plastic film for moisture preservation and heat preservation. In order to prevent the cap from being unearthed, 0.5cm fine soil can be covered when the seedlings are just arched.
After emergence: uncover the plastic film to cool down. During the period from the emergence of the seedlings, the temperature of the seedbed should be gradually reduced, and kept at 20-25℃ during the day and 65,438+06-20℃ at night. If there are cracks in the seedbed, you can sprinkle a layer of fine soil to seal the cracks. From full seedling to true leaf stage, strengthen outdoor air, and keep it at 22-24℃ during the day and 12- 14℃ at night. Time interval: after the seedlings are unearthed, the cotyledons should be thinned to eliminate inferior and diseased seedlings. According to the seedling spacing of 1.5-2cm, select seedlings with thick hypocotyls, stretched cotyledons and bright green colors.
Divide the seedlings: when the seedlings spread out with two leaves as one heart, divide the seedlings. 3-4 days before seedling division, seedlings should be exercised at low temperature, 20-25℃ during the day and 12- 14℃ at night. Generally, the first seedling is 5cm×5cm, and the second seedling is divided into 10cm× 10cm, and sufficient water is poured to cover the soil to promote slow seedling.
The management of fertilizer and water after seedling separation is mainly to control water and fertilizer at seedling stage. When the seedlings have 3-4 leaves, combine the seedling conditions to promote seedling fertilizer. Hardening of seedlings: Seedlings should be raised in early spring, and 5-6 days before planting, as long as there is no frost, any plastic film should be removed for seedling hardening. Strong seedling index: seedling height 18-22cm, stout stem, 9- 13 leaves per plant, dark green leaf thickness and luster; Developed root system, milky white, no pests and diseases; Plants usually sprout. 6-7 leaves can be planted in early spring.
(4) product harvesting: timely harvesting in batches, and harvesting when the peel turns green, hard and bright. In particular, the door pepper should be picked early to prevent the upper fruit from expanding. Open cultivation must be harvested before the first frost, and the product quality must meet the requirements of NY5005.
(5) Production record requirements: establish technical files. Record every technical link and measures taken in the growth process of green pepper in detail, and establish files for future reference. After pruning and raking, the lateral branches tend to grow at the base of the plant and consume nutrients, so they should be removed in time. In the middle and late stage of fruiting, the old leaves, yellow leaves, diseased leaves and invalid leaves in the lower part should be removed in time after the lower pepper fruit is harvested, so as to prevent the spread of diseases by ventilation and light.
Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations
Yingxian green pepper contains many trace elements and is rich in nutrition. According to scientific appraisal, every 100g green pepper contains 0.037% of vitamin C, 0.01%of carotene, 0.034% of minerals, 0.00 18% of carbohydrates, and protein, which can be eaten for a long time. It can also prevent and relieve cerebral thrombosis, septicemia, schistosomiasis and hyperplasia of mammary glands, and has obvious curative effects on gastric cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer and other diseases.
Yingxian green pepper was certified as pollution-free agricultural products by the Agricultural Products Quality Center of the Ministry of Agriculture on July 30, 2004, and registered the "Yingzhou Green" trademark in the State Trademark Office.
Packaging identification and other relevant regulations.
Raw materials (green peppers) are purchased from bases with supply and marketing agreements. Pick out small, broken, insect fruit, deformed and other substandard miscellaneous and inferior fruits. Each case contains 20 kilograms. The packaging should be marked with the words "Yingxian Green Pepper" geographical indication of agricultural products.