On the origin of handwritten shorthand
In the first 63 years, Cicero's Lectures recorded "Taylor's shorthand". At that time, the Roman Senate had already used shorthand.
1888 Irish John Robert Greg invented Greg's shorthand, which has been used ever since.
China shorthand was born in 1896. Cai Xiyong's Confessions, Shen Xue's Vowels of Prosperity (also known as The Son of the World) and Li Jiesan's Confessions in Min Dialect.
19 13 China Zhang Chai (son of Cai Xiyong) "China Shorthand".
1934 Chinese shorthand of China Tang.
On the origin of mechanical shorthand
1827, French Gunno first developed a shorthand machine.
1874 Italian Harry invented the earliest shorthand machine.
1880, the Roman aristocratic court adopted a shorthand machine (invented by Michella).
On the origin of computer shorthand (speed recorder)
1973, the United States began the CAT (cooperative shorthand and computer system) project.
The experiment of 1976 CAT system was carried out in America.
197 1 year, CAT experiment was conducted in Japan.
1993- 1995 China developed Ming Yahweh Chinese speed recorder.
Application of speed recorder in court
United States: 198 1 year has 1500 velocimeter, 16 court uses velocimeter; 1985, there were 14000 stenographers, accounting for 55. 16% of the total stenographers in the United States, and 98% of the courts used stenographers.
Japan: At present, the court application rate of speed recorder is 100%.
China: 1997 has more than 200 courts and nearly 1000 speed recorders; 1998 in June, there were more than 500 courts and about 2,000 shorthand recordings.
Countries with speed recorders (part)
The United States, Japan, Italy, Bulgaria, Britain, France, Canada, Russia (former Soviet Union), China, etc.
Speed recorder training (foreign part)
Japan: General colleges study by correspondence for 6 months, reaching the primary level. The training period for court stenographers is two years, and students have enough time to study legal subjects other than shorthand. I learned all the typing methods in the first six months, and the speed is about 160 words/minute. The test method is: read aloud at a certain speed for 5 minutes, and the errors in the record are no more than 2%. The graduation certificate is 360 words/minute, which is faster than news broadcast.
Canada: Vancouver Advanced Business School
Shorthand class: learn handwritten shorthand, shorthand, typewriter and other courses for 8 months;
Major of court and meeting record: learn typing, English, communication, tape recorder, industrial and commercial law, medical terminology, legal terminology, court procedure, etc. , for 18 months;
Speed recording weekend class:10-1May.
UK: Training Time and Course Arrangement of London Stenography Institute
Full-time verbatim reporter course (mastering stenographer's theory and skills, improving accuracy and speed): This course lasts for one year, every three months 1 semester, giving lectures 1-5 times a week, with about 6 hours a day. Visits to Parliament, the Central Criminal Court in London and the Royal Court will be arranged in the course.
First semester: establish the theoretical basis of listening and playing. Learn the theoretical basis of shorthand machine and its input skills. Emphasis is placed on automatic internal (instinctive) response to listening and typing, as well as practicing accurate input skills. 60-80 words/minute at the end of the term.
The second semester: enter the computer accurately at a certain speed. Apply the theory and skills learned in the first semester to speed practice, and carry out various forms of listening and playing exercises, including written records of the differences between the two speakers and court materials. At the end of the term, it should reach 1 10- 130 words/minute.
The third semester: further proficiency and speed. The course focuses on speed improvement and skills, focusing on overcoming the frustration (overcoming psychological barriers) caused by the obstacles that cannot make the fingers more skilled or the brain more flexible. Listening and typing exercises are extended to newspaper articles, novels, magazines, parliamentary debates, minutes of House meetings, court materials, paragraphs of articles that practice endurance and energy, and legal and medical terms. The final input speed reaches 130- 150 words/minute. In addition, this semester will introduce students to the legal systems of Britain, Europe, Canada and the United States, so that students will have a solid foundation when they work in international organizations in the future.
Fourth semester: sit in on the trial. Focus on practicing high-speed entry to improve accuracy. Intern as a formal stenographer in a court in London. Students also learn computer application office processing software. Guarantee the quarter and build up students' confidence. The final input speed reaches 160- 190 words/minute.
London Stenography College is a comprehensive college for training stenographers. Training is not classified according to the objectives of the workplace, but only to ensure certain quick recording skills. As for how to adapt to the work in various fields, it is achieved by learning the corresponding theoretical and practical skills courses. For example, the college has set up the course "Recorder Technology", focusing on case visits to courts and lawyers to learn about the development of subtitle products and video products. The course "Subtitles and Subtitles" lays a foundation for students to master the understanding of subtitles and subtitle technology and its special processing methods, teach subtitle technology, and learn the special skills needed in this non-word-by-word environment, including the typist's ability to synthesize and divide paragraphs in real-time environment. By studying these courses, students can adapt to different working environments after graduation. Therefore, London Shorthand Institute is a professional school to train all-round comprehensive shorthand talents.
On the application of speed recorder
In the judicial field: witness testimony record; Defense words, court debate records; Records of interrogations of prisoners, suspects, etc.
In the office field: dictation instruction record; Listen and type the text; High speed reading and typing; Minutes of the meeting; Drafting documents; Translation, etc.
Summary of Shorthand Competition and the 40th International Shorthand Typing Competition.
Time:1July 993 10- 16, location: Istanbul, Turkey.
The competition is divided into typing and shorthand. Typing uses different typewriters, and English manuscripts are all typed while watching. There are many contestants, hundreds of them, competing in a hall, giving the orders of "start" and "end" in a unified way.
Shorthand competitions are divided into handwritten shorthand and shorthand machine competitions, both of which are "listening to the tape" competitions. Handwriting competition is the same as domestic competition, and shorthand machine competition is held in different rooms according to different languages. If a language is not used by foreign players, the competition will not be established. Therefore, there is no competition in China's speed recording. The evaluation was conducted in different languages, so there were many trophies at the end of the press conference.
China participated in the competition in the name of the Central Party School and was invited to attend (due to technical reasons of the organizing committee, he was unable to participate in the official competition, but the tape recorder products he participated in caused a sensation).
Foreign speed recorder
Japanese shorthand typewriter has 2 1 keys, the middle key is *, and the other 20 keys are controlled by 10 fingers of the left and right hands, which are divided into three groups: left, middle and right. The left group includes eight keys controlled by four fingers except the left thumb; The right group is symmetrical with it; You can arrange to type 177 syllables; In the middle group, the thumb hits a specific sound.
The early product structure of English shorthand machine is similar to Japanese shorthand machine, which can record many languages quickly, while modern products tend to use American shorthand machine.
Korean shorthand machines are similar in structure to early British products.
Italian shorthand machines also have various products, some of which are similar to American products, and the other is piano keyboards.
The shorthand machine in the United States is very similar to the speed recorder in China, except that the bottom four keys are slightly to the left, and the others are exactly the same. There are two latest products. One is an independent electric speed recorder, which costs about $4,000. One is a two-in-one product of notebook computer and speed recorder, and the price is about 40 thousand dollars. There are several independent electric speed recorders, such as paper tape recorder, disk recorder and computer communication recorder.
(2) What are the main learning courses of speed recording?
The learning period of the speed recording course is 4-6 months, and the learning content mainly includes the following aspects:
Office accommodation skills training-secretarial courses: office software, office equipment, official document writing skills, communication and coordination, meeting management, affairs management, file management, etc.
Speed recording ability training-speed recording training course: familiar with key position, fingering practice, speed-up training, marching training, real-life simulation, post practice, outdoor development class, etc.
Vocational ability training-professional quality courses: habits and methods, trust and communication, attitude and enthusiasm, goals and time, knowledge and action, facing pressure, information transmission, etc.
Employment ability training-career guidance courses: target orientation, resume production, interview skills, mock interview, trainee customs clearance, etc.
It is these courses, no matter how the courses are set up, the key is the growth of personal ability. When studying these courses, we must be enthusiastic and understand the methods and skills, so that the level of quick recording can come up.
③ Learning methods of stenographers.
Short-term employment skills that reach the level of quick recording in 80 class hours.
China stenographer National Training Base Shijiazhuang Jingke School is the first stenographer training institution in Hebei Province. Obtained the qualification certification of speed recorder of Labor Bureau. Fast recording software for designated examinations by labor bureau.
1 vs 1 teaching mode and course learning mode;
1, fingering practice
2, consonant+tone practice
3. High frequency words
4, vowel series learning
5. Look up words and learn words.
Step 6 make your own words
7. Synchronous input training
Suitable for people: college students, undergraduates, social workers, people in the text entry industry.
④ Which colleges and universities in Shanxi have speed recording courses?
Generally speaking, there are speed recording courses. Generally speaking, the clerk may set up a speed recording course, and the court clerk may set up a speed recording course. At present, few universities set speed recording as an independent course. Because this is a skill, you can study it in your spare time.