1, lack of feeding technology. Most of them are amateurs or have little knowledge of this technology. Some farmers have never raised sheep or studied them systematically. They just learned some experience in raising sheep from their relatives and friends and began to work. How can they raise sheep with a little scientific knowledge?
2. Poor feeding conditions. Most sheep farmers have poor breeding conditions, lack of capital investment and poor infrastructure. Farmers follow the traditional farming mode of "low input and high output", and the phenomenon of "one sheep per share" is more common. Most pens are low and crude, not cool in summer and not warm in winter, and the air in the house is dirty, dark and humid. Sheep, on the other hand, are dry and wet animals, exposed to wet and dirty ground for a long time, prone to infectious diseases and parasitic diseases, slow growth, and difficult mating in estrus, which leads to the decline of production performance.
3. Weak awareness of scientific feeding management. Everything depends on natural conditions, and there is no awareness of scientific feeding management. In spring and autumn, when farmers have time, they drive sheep to the fields and mountains or arrange for the elderly and children to release them, ignoring hunger, health and estrus mating. Even in winter, they ignore cold and warmth, and neglect feeding management, which easily leads to physical weakness, poor production performance and epidemic diseases.
4. The variety is not good. Most of them are raised by local goats, which are small in size, slow in growth and small in offspring, and have no seed use and popularization value, so the economic benefit is low.
5. There is a serious shortage of forage. Sheep are herbivores and must have a large supply of forage. Farmers mostly introduce sheep in spring. First of all, the feed supply is timely and sufficient. One is that sheep eat less grass at first, and the other is that there is plenty of forage in spring. The key is the shortage of forage in Xia Dong in two seasons, especially in winter. In addition, most ewes breed and conceive in winter. It is not a long-term solution to rely only on a small amount of peanut vines and rapeseed shells. Some have no grass at all, so they use dead corn stalks. Such a feeding level can not only ensure the nutrition of pregnant ewes, but also make it difficult for fattening sheep to maintain their lives, so it is inevitable that there will be a phenomenon of "summer shape, autumn fat, thin winter and lack of spring".
6. The awareness of epidemic prevention, disinfection and deworming is weak. The lag of epidemic prevention, disinfection and deworming is another important reason for the failure of large-scale sheep raising. Many people invest in raising sheep because they think that sheep have fewer diseases than pigs and poultry, are relatively easy to raise, and have weak awareness of epidemic prevention, disinfection and insect repellent. Some never disinfect sheep houses and sheep bodies, and some don't even do basic vaccines, such as sheep pox vaccine and W disease vaccine. In the case of relatively centralized feeding and never taking any preventive measures, bacterial reproduction is accelerated, and there are many opportunities for frequent grazing infection. Coupled with the weak constitution and poor resistance of sheep, the outbreak of epidemic disease is only a matter of time.
Second, the corresponding countermeasures
1, strengthen technical learning. Sheep farmers should systematically learn the knowledge of scientific sheep raising before preparing to raise sheep. First, you can participate in the sheep raising technical training class; The second is to consult and learn from the successful sheep farmers around you; Third, buy technical books on sheep raising, or use computer network platform to learn sheep raising management techniques, and hire sheep raising technical experts for regular guidance when necessary.
2. Increase investment and change the environmental conditions for raising sheep. After practice, raising sheep in high bed is a feasible feeding method. This method is simple and feasible, which reduces the long-term direct contact between sheep and feces and urine, reduces the probability of sheep being infected with germs and eggs, reduces the waste of feed and saves manpower. In addition, we should also pay attention to the construction of sheepfolds, which should be built in a dry and ventilated place. The building structure can be a greenhouse or a granary, with indoor double-row layout, an aisle in the middle to facilitate excrement discharge and feeding, sewage ditches on both sides, and enough windows on the four walls of the sheepfold to facilitate ventilation. The windows are well sealed and can be opened and closed freely to ensure that they are warm in winter and cool in summer.
3. forage should be sufficient. It is impossible to raise sheep on a large scale by grazing alone. According to the size of the flock, pasture should be planted in the appropriate area. Forage should be planted in stages and batches according to the growth period and dosage of forage to ensure the continuity of forage supply. In addition, forage silage technology should be adopted to store some green hay. In autumn, besides planting some grass, some crop straws can also be stored, but the direct feeding of crop straws is not palatable and has low nutritional value, so it should be fed after nitriding and micro-storage.
4. Varieties should be improved. On the one hand, actively introduce high-quality sheep to breed and cross with another foreign sheep to cultivate foreign hybrid commercial sheep; On the other hand, the local local goat (female parent) is improved by foreign excellent varieties (male parent), and the hybrid offspring is not only big, but also grows faster and has stronger adaptability than foreign varieties.
5. It is necessary to strengthen feeding management. First, we should strengthen prevention and control isolation, and separate production areas from living areas. Outsiders are not allowed to enter the production area at will, and breeders should change clothes and shoes when entering and leaving the production area, and be strictly disinfected; Second, we must ensure the sanitation of the pens, clean the pens every day, remove the feces in time, and disinfect the site after cleaning to ensure dryness; Third, feed the sheep regularly and pay attention to their health. In addition to ensuring adequate forage supply at ordinary times, we should regularly supplement some concentrated feed in late winter and early spring. Fourth, it is necessary to adjust the appropriate temperature and humidity of the pigsty. The first is to keep warm in winter, the second is to cool down in summer, and the third is to prevent moisture in rainy days. Only by maintaining a suitable enclosure environment can sheep grow healthily.
6. Enhance the awareness of epidemic prevention and disinfection. The epidemic prevention and disinfection of sheep is not as frequent and complicated as that of pigs and poultry, but it does not mean that epidemic prevention and disinfection is not important for raising sheep. In the process of raising sheep, sheep pox, sheep No.5 disease, sheep lung disease and other diseases often occur, which is very harmful. Therefore, we should strengthen the awareness of epidemic prevention and disinfection. First, we should always strictly disinfect sheep houses, tableware and sports venues; Second, it is necessary to prevent common diseases such as sheep pox, sheep No.5 disease, sheep lung disease and sudden death of sheep in accordance with immunization procedures, so as to nip in the bud; Third, it is necessary to regularly deworm the sheep inside and outside to ensure that the sheep have a strong body.