In English, the pronunciation of "t" in "better watt" is T.
On the other hand, Americans are D.
So the American population is (better "bed") and (watter "wading").
(Note that the pronunciation of A in watter is also different. )
Another thing that is easy to distinguish is that Americans often read words with "er" and "r".
For example, four Britons read "fo" and Americans read "fo er"
In addition, Americans pronounce the short sound o and are used to pronounce "ah"
All the long O's are saying "Oh"
Like rooster (please forgive me for using this word as an example)
Americans study as "Carker"
English reading is naturally "quacking" as our junior high school teacher taught.
And a short I
American pronunciation is biased towards e, which is the sound of "er"
For example, mixing
The British pronounce it "miks"
Americans read "meks"
(It feels good)
For a long time, English teaching in China has been burdened with the stigma of "dumb English". The value of this stigma lies in that it makes almost everyone who learns English (package)
Including English teachers, are aware of the importance of spoken English. The causes of "dumb English", the helplessness of teachers and the helplessness of the system are not discussed here.
Disadvantages and other profound problems, but sit down calmly and talk about more practical problems, that is, after having the determination to learn spoken English,
What should be done to be scientific and effective? The outline of this handout is as follows, and only the first part will be discussed today:
1. Level 1: Correct pronunciation
2. The second layer: phonetic words.
3. The third layer: conjunctions into sentences
Step 4: Link sentences into articles.
5. Level 5: Learning spoken English.
The first level of oral English learning: correct pronunciation
First, why do you want to learn phonetic symbols?
Many people have learned English "several times", and finally they can't even understand 48 phonetic symbols, and the list is incomplete. Of course, some English learners don't know that there are 26 English * * *.
Letters. What does this mean? First of all, English teachers are to blame. You didn't explain the phonetic symbols clearly to the students, and you didn't find anything to do.
Effective ways to make students change their strong local accent, or you don't take the task of correcting pronunciation as your job; Secondly, English learners can't get rid of it.
The relationship. You have never studied these 48 phonetic symbols seriously. I always want to eat fat in one breath, otherwise I would have lost my patience.
Any English word consists of three parts: sound, form and meaning. Phonetic symbols indicate their sounds, letters conform to their shapes, and definitions convey their meanings. If we only focus on the form and meaning,
How can I learn words if I can't figure out the parts that can't be pronounced in a row? The main purpose of language is to convey ideas when they need to be spoken.
To convey, the standardization of pronunciation began to affect the efficiency of communication. At the same time, pronunciation represents a person's appearance like writing. You write very well.
Word, everyone will have a good impression on you; You speak fluent and standard English, even if your overall English level is not high, people will think that you can learn English well.
Not bad.
I also met many people who are very talented in language. They are knowledgeable, profound in thought, rich in vocabulary, fluent in expression and eloquent. The only fly in the ointment is that
The tone is incomplete and the speech error rate is amazing. In view of this phenomenon, what I want to say is that language mainly expresses ideas. What you say can be understood by others, so can you.
Just keep communication smooth; The problem is that this practice is a helpless move, but it loses the communicative effect and personal image.
Expensive.
Another advantage of learning phonetic symbols is that it can improve the efficiency of vocabulary accumulation. There is almost no connection between Chinese Pinyin and Chinese characters, which can be said to be two kinds.
Language system, so Chinese is one of the most difficult languages to learn in the world; On the other hand, English is different. There are quite a few rules between phonetic symbol combination and letter combination.
Follow. My students all know the reciting standards I listed for them: they can pronounce new words when they see them, and they can't make mistakes when they have good stress; Hear new words.
Can write its shape, allowing one or two letters of error. The order of memorizing words here becomes memorizing pronunciation first, and then memorizing word forms through pronunciation.
Finally, through memory and application, we can firmly grasp the sound, form and meaning. According to students' feedback, this method makes them get rid of writing 180 words at a time.
Memorizing vocabulary ten times, remembering words is not very tiring, listening is strengthened, and so on. Of course, there are negative reactions. Several primary school students complained to me about their
English teachers test words to read Chinese meanings in class and ask them to write English words, but they can't write well. If they read and write English, they will be very good.
Second, choose English or American?
English phonetic symbols are also divided into English sounds and American sounds, which brings a lot of confusion to English learners. So first of all, let's talk about the choice of British and American sounds.
English education in China has long been based on standard British English, so there are almost no textbooks in junior high schools, junior high schools, senior high schools and universities.
British English is an exception. With the great changes in English education in China in recent years, American English textbooks began to appear frequently. There are some political factors here.
Forget it, you will understand that American English will account for a large proportion in your future English study.
In view of this situation, my suggestion is to learn the international phonetic symbols first, and then learn the American phonetic symbols on the basis of the international phonetic symbols. Because of my experience
Practice has proved that this method is relatively simple and feasible. I will list the differences between English and Chinese pronunciation for your reference in the future. As for whether to choose to speak English.
English or American English, I think this question is more complicated, because I don't know whether I speak English or American English, hehe,
I can only say that my English has a clear American tendency. The reason why I say this is to tell you that the so-called difference between British English and American English is very important to Britain.
It is not necessary for beginners to speak English. Even if you speak a beautiful American accent like Li Yang's students, you may not speak American English, because Britain and the United States.
The differences between languages are not only phonetics, but also vocabulary, grammar, discourse, culture and so on. What can we do in this regard?
Can only be as close as possible to British or American pronunciation, pronunciation is not neither fish nor fowl. As for the differences at other levels, I think
It's hard to be neither fish nor fowl. Speaking of which, let me ask you a question. How to pronounce this word: water. This is to test whether your pronunciation is neither fish nor fowl.
Good words for class, hehe. When you read the list of English and American pronunciations I gave you, think back to whether you only read English, American pronunciations or both.
No, that's enough about English and American pronunciation. Let's talk about the learning method of phonetic symbols.
Third, how to change the phonetic symbols?
As we all know, English spoken in China has a nickname, Chinglish. Chinglish has at least the following three characteristics (1
) strange pronunciation; (2) strange grammar; (3) strange thinking. The latter two features are beyond the content of this handout and are ignored here. Let's have a look.
The unique pronunciation of national English;
1. Flat-tongued sounds are inDistinguishable: if this is pronounced dis, orange is pronounced orange ze. This phenomenon usually occurs in the north of China, taking Shenyang as a typical example.
Fushun is the same. My students always joke that I can't tell Chinese from English, but strangely, I can tell English from Chinese very clearly.
2. voiced consonants have voiced and stretched sounds: for example, Stop is pronounced stop, and I think I have reached the point where I want to.
I have come to the pointer.
3. Added [t ∫] and [dз]: for example, China is pronounced as Chuainer. Change is pronounced as Chuenjü, and the typical feature is that the mouth is tilted high.
4.[r] and [? ]; People in some areas in the south can't pronounce [r], so they all pronounce [r] as [l], for example, three becomes thlui；; In front of little
L read [l], and the following l read [? ], and this [? When pronouncing, you just need to gently push the tip of your tongue up, while many people always roll the tip of your tongue back.
Gave birth to the ridiculous littOUOHH.
5. diphthongs's pronunciation is not in place and full: I [ai] is generally pronounced as [E] and time as [tem].
The above list is the most common pronunciation features of Chinglish I know. If one of the situations fits your pronunciation characteristics, you are too heavy.
I have learned phonetic symbols newly. Find an English textbook for primary and secondary schools, find out the list of international phonetic symbols, and then refer to the following tips to start your pronunciation correction process.
(1) phonetic symbols are divided into vowels and consonants, with vowels equivalent to Chinese initials and consonants equivalent to Chinese finals. When vowels are pronounced, the air is unaffected.
Obstacles come out of your body; And consonants will be more or less hindered when they come out, such as tongue, teeth, lips and so on.
(2) Learn the single vowel 12 first. A vowel with [:] is called a long vowel, which means that its pronunciation length is equivalent to the pronunciation length of two single vowels without this symbol. These 12
Monovowels are very important. I hope you can find a tape and practice while listening.
(3) After mastering the single vowel 12, the remaining eight diphthongs are quite easy to learn. First of all, diphthongs is a combination of two vowels, so the phonemes are in phase.
When the length of two single vowels. Secondly, you pronounce the first vowel first and then the last vowel, so as to make the transition between them as smooth as possible.
For example, [au] is the transition from [a:]. Taking [ε] as a variant of [e], the problem of [ε? ] pronunciation.
(D) Consonants can be divided into voiced consonants and unvoiced consonants. When voiced consonants are pronounced, the vocal cords do not vibrate, while voiced consonants vibrate. The difference between the two is nothing more than that. this
One point is the key. For example, when pronouncing the consonant [t], you put the tip of your tongue on the upper jaw, and then rush out of an airflow while letting the tip of your tongue fall.
. As long as you don't make a sound in the process. Then you repeat the last process, this time you make the vocal cords vibrate to make a sound, and what you hear is [t] relative.
The voiced consonant of [d]. Since unvoiced consonants have the same mouth shape, it's just a silent problem, so you can make a relatively easy-to-learn consonant list and put it on.
There are consonants that are divided into pairs according to voiced sounds, so it will be much easier to practice more.
(5) The following pairs of consonants are difficult to master and worth practicing: [θ]-[δ], [t ∫]-[d з], [t∫]-[dз].
(6) [W]-[J] are called semivowels, which are between vowels and consonants. In other words, there is little obstruction to the airflow. Experience it.
(7) [M]-[N]-[L]-[η] can be grouped. The first three have two pronunciations, one before the syllable and one after the syllable. you can
It is understood by the words Man, Name and Little, and [η] is usually combined with [iη] sounds, such as English; ; Of course, there are also
When other vowels are combined, such as [? η] or [∧η] sound.
(8) Some people don't know how to pronounce [TS]-[DZ]. These two phonetic symbols are specially designed to solve the problem of s at the end of words, such as cats and beds. You pronounce these two sounds.
It only takes a little force to make a sound. [tr]-[dr] it's actually not difficult. You can send trees and dreams.
(9) The combination of meta-consonants (or vowels themselves) can produce sounds. When a vowel is combined with one or more consonants, it is called a syllable.
A word consists of one or more syllables.
(10) If the phonetic symbol of a word is composed of two or more syllables, there should be stress symbols to indicate which syllable should be pronounced more heavily.
Some. The related content of this point belongs to the second level problem. Let's call it a day, now it's your turn to practice!
The second level of oral English learning: phonetic words
Hehe, I just saw this friend's reply, and I am very interested in the method of dividing the structural framework of this handout. I might as well clear my mind here first. This lecture
The topic of meaning is a learning method of oral English, and its essence is the entry rules of oral English. Its target audience is not limited to English beginners.
But all English learners. Nowadays, many English learners do not attach importance to the seemingly simple basic problems of oral English, which is a very worrying phenomenon.
Elephant. Therefore, the main body of the handout is the basic problem of oral pronunciation (the first four layers), and the fifth layer is to improve on the basis of solid basic skills.
The essence of language is to reposition the learning of spoken English so that language can effectively serve communication. In other words, the fifth level is not the top level of oral English learning.
, but the entrance to another level of oral learning. I use a simple process to describe my five levels, namely phoneme-vocabulary-syntax-discourse-language.
Use. Perhaps this handout is relatively simple, but the idea embodied in it is my understanding of language formed over the years, and everyone must remember it.
. This friend didn't leave your forum address. If you can read this article again, please leave the related website, THX.
Anyway, let's talk about the second layer: phonetic words. If the first floor passes, then the second floor is quite simple. If the first layer is based on sound,
To speak spoken English from the perspective of elements, then this layer is based on the perspective of words. As mentioned earlier, the phonetic symbols of English words consist of one or several syllables.
Yes, words with more than two syllables should indicate the stress position in the phonetic symbol. I will expand the problems contained in these rules one by one below.
The first is the consonant linking problem of phonetic symbol combination. This is one of the most common mistakes made by English learners. Consonant conjugation refers to two or more auxiliary words.
A situation in which sounds are concentrated at the same time, such as CL in Class, SPL in Splash and so on. The pronunciation method of consonant conjugation can be summarized in one sentence: light before.
Fast, heavy, slow. In other words, the lighter C is, the faster the better, and the heavier L is, the slower the better. There should never be a gap between the two. palm
Grasp this rule, then you won't listen to the wrong words like in class.
Secondly, the problem of voiced consonants in phonetic symbol combination. We have distinguished voiced consonants from unvoiced consonants. Here is an unwritten rule for everyone.
That is, when some unvoiced consonants such as [t] [k] [p] [tr] appear after [s] and syllables are stressed, these unvoiced consonants will become relative.
The voiced consonant is [d] [g] [dr]. For example, street should be pronounced as [s dr i: t], while others such as Stay, school, space,
Scream, scar, Stwart and so on. It is said that this rule is unwritten because some words go beyond this rule, such as discovery. This word is authentic English.
People's reading of c is still controversial, some are pronounced as [k] and some as [g]. Because the voiced sound after s is English.
It cannot be reflected in phonetic symbols, so it is easy to be ignored by English learners.
Furthermore, the phonetic symbol combination has the problem of missing sound. The so-called missing sound (or blasting) means that when some consonants appear together, the previous one will come to an abrupt end and only
Make a silent gesture. Such as [k] sound in aCtive and blaCKboard, [p] sound in September and so on. Let me just talk about the lost explosion on the third floor.
Explain it in detail.
Finally, the weakening of phonetic symbols. I will focus on weakening (or weak reading) in the third layer. Here I will simply talk about the rules: when the unit.
When the sound appears in unstressed syllables, it will weaken to [? ], of course, does not include the syllables at the end of the word. Just like in Holiday and California.
Li syllable, I hope everyone can remember this little rule, because it is very important to mark words with sound.
After solving the above microscopic problems, let's go back to the benefits brought by the close relationship between phonetic symbol combination and word spelling.
As mentioned earlier, English words are composed of sound, form and meaning, and many people only emphasize the latter two, which is essentially one of the roots of "dumb English". reversed
Come to think of it, if we take sound as the beginning of memorizing words, it is equivalent to digesting words with two sensory systems, visual and auditory, and this effect is natural.
It is better than the method of remembering only form and meaning. So how to operate specifically? First of all, you should use the phonetic knowledge you have just mastered to put the phonetic symbols of a new word on it.
Spell it out and read it to yourself again and again until you remember it. Next, you can cover the phonetic symbols and read them by memory. Study in a school or graduate school.
In this process, you have to think over which sound is issued by which phonetic symbol. The process of learning phonetic symbol combination is actually the process of combining sound and shape.
At the same time, you are still accumulating common sense of phonetic combination for future new word learning. This symbol has at least three advantages. First, there is no need to copy words.
Get twice the result with half the effort; Second, you will read any article fluently in the future, no matter how many new words there are, because you will form the habit of breaking words as soon as you see them.
Trouble; Third, when you hear any new word, you will quickly write down its spelling and then understand its meaning by looking it up in the dictionary. This memory method
The method is difficult to adapt to at first. As long as you can survive (say three or two more weeks), I'm sure you'll thank me, hehe. This floor is here.
That's enough.