First, the purpose of graduation thesis

Graduation thesis writing and debate assessment is one of the most important links in the teaching plan, which is conducive to cultivating teachers' ability to comprehensively apply what they have learned to deal with practical results and is an important means to comprehensively test teachers' professional effects during their school days. The purpose of writing graduation thesis specifically includes:

1, a comprehensive and one-sided investigation of Mr. Wang's professional learning effect at school.

2. It is beneficial to cultivate and improve Mr. Wang's practical research level and strengthen his ability to analyze and process results.

3. It is beneficial to cultivate and improve Mr. Wang's writing and expression skills.

4. Writing graduation thesis is helpful for Mr. Wang to establish a down-to-earth style and cultivate a down-to-earth attitude towards tasks.

Second, the threshold for writing graduation thesis

Threshold Every teacher must treat graduation thesis with a serious attitude. The whole process needs to stop under the guidance of the instructor, pay attention to cultivating the teacher's automaticity and creativity, encourage the teacher to actively participate in the actual operation, dare to explore and innovate, and finish the graduation thesis seriously and excellently.

1, before writing the thesis, determine the topic of the graduation thesis according to the designation of the instructor or the actual situation of the unit, then draw up the outline of the thesis, and finally form the graduation thesis after repeated revisions.

2. The graduation thesis should be rigorous in concept, clear in concept, sufficient in argument, clear in level, clear in logic, concise in writing and fluent in language.

3. The word threshold of graduation thesis is 4000-6000 words.

Third, the writing order of graduation thesis

(1) Select a title.

Topic selection is the key to success or failure of thesis writing. Because choosing a topic is the first step in writing a graduation thesis, it is actually to determine the results of "what to write", that is, to determine the direction of superstitious research. If you don't understand what to write, you can't talk about how to write.

Generally speaking, it is best to combine topics of interest in task practice, which is conducive to discussion. I can control the completed topics and pay attention to the application value of the paper, that is, the practical results that need to be dealt with urgently in the actual operation of e-commerce management. That is, the topic selection should focus on the key points, difficulties and focus achievements that people pay attention to in social life and tasks. The common criteria for theme selection are:

1, innovation standard

That is, in the discussion of e-commerce, there are new discoveries and inventions in business tasks.

2. Feasibility standard

It is to determine the topic according to your professional advantages, hobbies, practical research ability of thinking foundation and material accumulation.

3. Supplementary criteria

In the discussion of e-commerce, you can choose those areas and links that are neglected in the actual operation of the task, and put forward your opinions after the discussion to fill in the blanks.

(2) Research topic

1, collecting materials

Collecting materials is the fundamental task of the research topic. Mr. Wang Can collected information by consulting the materials in libraries and reference rooms, and conducting field visits and discussions. The more detailed and meticulous the materials collected, the better. It is best to list the literature catalogue and detailed plan of the information he wants to collect.

(1) When consulting materials, you should be familiar with the classification of books, be good at using bibliographies and indexes, and skillfully use other reference books, such as yearbooks, abstracts, catalogs, charts, etc.

(2) Doing on-the-spot investigation and discussion can obtain the most authentic, reliable and abundant first-hand materials. When investigating and discussing, we should make clear the purpose, object and content. The survey methods include: general survey, key survey, typical survey and sampling survey.

2. Research materials

Seminar materials are the key tasks of the seminar. Teacher Wang should stop reading the collected materials unilaterally and adopt different reading methods for different materials, such as full text reading, selective reading and research reading.

Full-text reading refers to stopping reading the full text, selective reading refers to stopping reading useful parts and useful contents, and research refers to stopping reading the contents related to the research topic one-sidedly, carefully, meticulously, deeply and repeatedly. In the process of learning, we should actively consider it. I should use the arguments, arguments, argumentation methods and research methods in books or papers to arouse my thinking and prevent new inventions. When learning materials, you should also make records.

3. Understand the argument

This is the central task of the research topic. On the basis of research materials, Mr. Wang put forward his own views and opinions, and established basic arguments and sub-arguments according to the topic. He put forward that his thoughts should highlight new ideas, and innovation is the soul, and he can't just repeat later generations or echo them. At the same time, he should avoid the tendency of being greedy for perfection, lest he be incomplete, and repeat the existing knowledge in large sections, so that the characteristics and effects of his research can not be reflected.

Select materials according to the established basic arguments and sub-arguments, which are formed on the basis of my research on the collected materials. When sorting out materials, we should pay attention to mastering superstitious thinking methods, and pay attention to the logical relationship and primary and secondary relationship between the data before and after.

4. Write

When writing, Mr. Wang should pay attention to the following two achievements: the proposed outline and the basic format.

The outline includes the title, basic arguments and content outline, which helps to arrange the logical structure of the full text and build the basic framework of the paper.

The basic format is combined with the graduation thesis rules of the Academic Affairs Office.

5. Modify the final version

Through this link, we can see whether the writing intention can be clearly expressed, whether the fundamental arguments and sub-arguments can be accurate and clear, whether the materials can be used properly and convincingly, whether the arrangement and argumentation of the materials can have logical effects, whether the structure of large and small paragraphs can be intact and naturally connected, whether the sentences and words can be correct and appropriate, and whether the article meets the standards.

Fourth, graduation thesis guidance.

Mr. Wang's graduation thesis writing should be stopped under the guidance of the designated tutor and completed by Mr. Wang independently. The secondary duties of the graduation thesis tutor are:

1, according to Mr. Wang's actual situation, guide Mr. Wang to correctly choose the paper type and topic, and stop answering questions about his achievements in the process of writing the paper.

2. Mr. Zhi stopped social investigation and collected and read materials and documents correctly.

3. Give comments and suggestions on the outline and draft of Mr. Wang's thesis.

4. Monitor the writing process and status of Mr. Wang's thesis, and master the whole process of Mr. Wang's thesis writing.

5. The tutor revises the paper and stops the examination and approval of the paper. Those who pass the examination can be formally printed by the teacher; Those who failed in the exam should be corrected. If you have a bad attitude towards writing a paper, you should criticize and correct it in time if you deal with things in the writing process. Those who fail to reach the basic threshold in writing papers may be disqualified from debating and their grades will be treated as unqualified.

6. Stop marking papers, write paper comments, and put forward suggestions on the grade of scores, which will serve as an important basis for the final evaluation of scores by the debate committee.

Fifth, the graduation thesis debate.

(A) the preparation before the debate

1, explaining the reason for choosing the topic. Understand why this title is chosen and discuss what superstitious value or ideal significance this title has.

2. Mastering the topic discussion. That is to grasp the history and present situation of this topic discussion, that is, whether this topic can be discussed, if so, what kind of effect has been achieved, what achievements have not been lost, and what new ideas have not been discussed in your group, so we should focus on the practical and practical significance of your ideas.

3. What is the fundamental argument and basis of this argument?

4. Which units were investigated and what documents were consulted.

5. What other achievements should be involved in the paper?

(B) the threshold for debate

1, listen attentively to the examiner's questions and make records.

2. Debate the teacher's questions, and we should answer them carefully.

3. When answering the results, the words should be fluent and the tone should be positive.

Six, graduation thesis performance evaluation

Teacher Wang's graduation thesis score is quantified by the debate committee according to the instructor's suggestion and debate practice, and the weighted comprehensive final evaluation is stopped. Paper grades are divided into five grades: excellent, good, average, pass and fail.

The grade reference standard of graduation thesis achievement is as follows:

Excellent thesis

1, can creatively and comprehensively use the knowledge learned to discuss and deal with serious practical topics in management.

2. The idea of the paper is novel and innovative, which has important reference value for practical work and discussion.

3. The paper has thorough analysis, compact structure and high compressive strength.

4. Correct attitude in the process of writing the thesis, serious efforts and study of the body can deepen the actual investigation.

5. Be able to answer all kinds of achievements put forward by the debating teacher skillfully and correctly.

(2) Good papers

1, can comprehensively use practical knowledge to explain the fundamental reality and the fundamental method to deal with actual results. The paper written has good reference value.

2. The concept of the paper is correct, with a certain novelty and overwhelming power, and the calculation and analysis are correct and one-sided.

3. The paper is rigorous and sensitive, and can use materials and data correctly.

4. The writing attitude of the thesis is correct and automatic, and the task can be completed according to the scheduled schedule and the investigation can be deepened.

After the preliminary defense, the result put forward by the debating teacher is correct.

(3) Second-level thesis

1, can basically comprehensively use the conceptual knowledge learned, and can correctly discuss the practical achievements in future management activities.

2. The concept of the paper is fundamentally correct, the calculation and analysis are correct, and the argument is correct.

3. The narrative of the paper is organized, and the text is basically fluent. You can use certain data materials to illustrate the argument.

4. The attitude of writing a thesis is fundamentally correct. You can stop writing a thesis correctly according to the threshold of the manual and complete your writing obligations on time.

5. The overall answer given by the debating teacher is fundamentally correct.

(4) Pass the test paper

1, the paper can use the learned knowledge to clarify the practical results, arguments and arguments' wireless errors.

2. The structure and narrative of the paper are acceptable, and certain data materials can be used to illustrate the argument, and there is no big mistake in the use of materials.

3. The attitude of thesis writing is average, but you can still stop the task according to the threshold of the instruction book and complete the thesis writing obligation on time.

4, most of the results put forward by the debate teacher can make fundamentally correct answers.

(5) failing papers

1, there are serious political mistakes in the paper, which violate the fundamental principles of the establishment of physical civilization.

2. In fact, there is a linear error in the argument of the paper, or there is a linear error in the argument.

3, the paper has no central argument, unclear level, lack of arguments and arguments, not a paper.

4. The original data of the paper is lacking or the data is seriously inaccurate, and the usual writing attitude is extremely sloppy. If enterprises and institutions are not thoroughly investigated, they will be sloppy.

5, the fundamental content of the paper plagiarizes the effect of others.

6. After the debate, I found that Mr. Wang lacked a correct understanding of my thesis, so he was mystifying, or there were serious mistakes in the guidelines. Reference on the topic selection of graduation thesis of e-commerce specialty

(Don't choose the following reference topic, please choose a topic within your major.)

1. On Online Collection of E-commerce

2. Discussion on marketing forms of e-commerce enterprises

3. On the relationship between cybersquatting and intellectual property protection in e-commerce.

4. Talking about the strategy of online advertising

5. Talking about the construction and form selection of e-commerce enterprises

6. Analysis of online certification and the maintenance of trading rights.

7. The relationship between enterprise informatization and e-commerce

8. On the relationship between the establishment and effectiveness of electronic contracts.

9. Discussion on the management form of e-commerce enterprises

10. Trade analysis in e-commerce

1 1. on the achievements of consumer rights protection in e-commerce

12. Thoughts on the security realization of e-commerce

13. discussion on the legal application of dispute settlement channels in e-commerce

14. Reflections on the achievements of privacy protection in e-commerce

15. risks of e-commerce and its security management

16. e-commerce security and set technology

17. Achievements and countermeasures of implementing B-C e-commerce in China

18. Thoughts on brand building in e-commerce environment

19. Discussion on promotion skills in e-commerce environment

20. Methods and strategies of online advertising

2 1. The present situation and development strategy of online advertising

E-mail marketing and its strategies

23. Thinking about the construction of e-commerce credit system

24. Discussion on the countermeasures of logistics industry in e-commerce environment

25. Thoughts on logistics distribution in the era of e-commerce

26. The impact of e-commerce on enterprises and countermeasures

27. The impact of e-commerce on commodity prices

28. The impact of e-commerce on channels

29. Analysis and Prospect of E-commerce Forms

30. Supply chain management in e-commerce environment

3 1. The influence of e-commerce on industrial enterprises.

32. The new market pattern in the era of electronic commerce.

33. The influence of e-commerce on the management of ancient enterprises.

34. Transaction costs and obstacles of e-commerce.

35. E-commerce security and SET technology.

36. Talking about the present situation and future of online banking in China from the online collection of e-commerce.

37. The use and security of EDI in electronic commerce

38. On the risk control of enterprise e-commerce

39. E-commerce and development strategy of high-tech industries

40. Digital double signature and its application in e-commerce.

4 1. E-commerce of traditional enterprises in the era of network economy

42. Analysis of the present situation, problems and countermeasures of e-commerce development

43. Introduce e-commerce into book marketing.

44. Achievements and countermeasures of e-commerce development

45. Discussion on tax policy of e-commerce.

46. Analysis of virtual application of e-commerce in automobile enterprises

47. Ways to develop e-commerce in the western region.

48.** Case Study of Enterprise E-commerce Website

49. The current situation of small and medium-sized enterprises using e-commerce in Hong Kong.

50. The present situation and development prospect of e-commerce in China in the new economic era.

5 1. Implementation Plan of Electronic Commerce for Medical Devices

52. External informatization and internal e-commerce of pharmaceutical enterprises

53. Discussion on the development and supporting technology of mobile e-commerce

54. Build enterprise digital platform with piecemeal task flow and e-commerce technology.

55. Build B2B e-commerce software platform with enterprise Java computing scheme.

56. Legal incentives and control of government business and network economy.

57. From electronic commerce to electronic commerce.

58. The impact of electronic commerce on commodity prices.

59. Talking about the transformation of network marketing and enterprise management form.

60. How do China enterprises move towards the era of e-commerce?

6 1. Achievements and Countermeasures of B-C E-commerce in China

62. Small and medium-sized enterprises explore the profit forms of e-commerce.

How to implement e-commerce in small and medium-sized enterprises?

64. The challenge of electronic commerce to international tax jurisdiction.

65. Insurance e-commerce is in China.

66. The preliminary exploration and practice of setting up e-commerce and information management specialty in Industry-University-Research.

67. Mining enterprises use e-commerce.

68. Discussion on B2C Distribution of E-commerce

69. E-commerce security access standards

70. Analysis of tax avoidance and anti-tax avoidance in e-commerce

7 1. Logistics form of e-commerce

72. Thoughts on international tax avoidance in business e-commerce.

73. How does CRM customer relationship management complete one-to-one service?

74. Electronic commerce and enterprise competitiveness

75. The influence of e-commerce on the business environment of enterprises and its countermeasures.

76. Obstacles to the development of e-commerce and countermeasures

77. Logistics and distribution in e-commerce environment

78. Logistics fragmentation in e-commerce environment.

79. Strategic cost management in e-commerce environment

80. Strategies for developing logistics industry in e-commerce environment

8 1. Countermeasures for enterprises to implement network finance in e-commerce environment.

82. Characteristics and case analysis of logistics distribution in e-commerce environment

83. The application of e-commerce technology in the circulation of ancient agricultural and sideline products

84. Discussion on one-to-one marketing form of third-party logistics services in China

85. Some achievements of China trade e-commerce website.

86. Implementation of e-commerce operation forms

87. Analysis of the operation form of e-commerce: taking manufacturers and market operators as examples.

88. Selection and establishment of e-commerce marketing forms

89. Business reputation and the development of e-commerce

90. Enterprise value innovation in the era of e-commerce.

9 1. Marketing concept in the era of e-commerce.

92. Discussion on cooperative alienation logistics strategy in e-commerce environment

93. E-commerce and enterprise material promotion achievements

94. The necessity and achievements of the government to promote e-commerce.

95. Legal achievements related to electronic signatures

96. Discussion on legal protection of e-commerce security

97. Analysis of some legal achievements of electronic contracts and suggestions for reference.

Appendix 4: Paper Format

Anhui Industrial Vocational and Technical College

Graduation design (thesis)

Design (thesis) topic on the independence of external audit

Mr. XX's name

Specialized industry

Class level

Department of management engineering

teacher

November 2008

Anhui Industrial Vocational and Technical College

Graduation design (thesis) obligation

Name of management engineering department XX class

Graduation design (thesis) topic: On the independence of external audit.

Graduation design (thesis) start and end date: 2019.3.3–2019.4.13.

Lecturer: XXX

Graduation design (thesis) threshold:

First, the format and font threshold:

All printed on 16k paper, with an upper margin of 2.60cm, a lower margin of 2.2cm, a left margin of 2.6cm and a right margin of 2.2cm.. The cover is uniformly printed by the college.

Second, comments.

1. The number of notes is not less than 4-6 thousand words, the font size is Song Ti, the font size is small four, and the line spacing is 20 points.

2. The titles of all levels in the notes are arranged in descending order. The first-level title is "one" (small four in bold), the second-level title is "(one)" (small four in Song Dynasty) and the third-level title is "1" (small four in Song Dynasty).

3. Regarding the difference between the font and font size of the chart in the notes, the table is "Table 1- 1" and placed under the table (in the center), and the graph is "Figure 1- 1" and placed above the graph (in the center).

4. References: In order to reflect the superstitious basis of the manuscript, the author's serious attitude of respecting other people's research results, and present the source of relevant information to readers, the notes should be marked with [] in the upper right corner of the text of the references cited in sequence, and the serial number in [] should be different from that in "References".

5, the text threshold: the text is smooth, the speech is smooth, and there are no typos. It should be printed by computer under normal circumstances.

catalogue

First, the extension and function of external audit independence .....................................................................................................................................................................

Second, the performance of external audit independence 2

Three. Restrictive factors of external audit independence

Four. Some suggestions on improving the independence of external audit

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Reflections on the Audit of International Department of our company.

On the Independence of External Audit

06 E-commerce xx

External audit is a self-control mechanism established within an organization, which is specially set up to improve enterprise management methods, promote enterprise development, strengthen external control of enterprises and facilitate the guidance and management of the company by the state and the top management of enterprises. As far as its development is concerned, it must adhere to a high degree of independence. As a special department of an enterprise, it can be considered that the internal audit institution belongs to the enterprise, not to the enterprise. If the management of internal audit institutions is strengthened, it is the secondary responsibility of the state and enterprises to make them subordinate to and independent from enterprises. At present, China's external audit started late and is in the development stage, so it is more important to grasp the direction and adhere to the standards. This paper mainly expounds the superstitious extension, function, fundamental symbol and performance of the independence of external audit, discusses the factors that restrict the independence of external audit at present, and puts forward some suggestions for the author group on the relevant measures to ensure the independence of external audit.

Keywords: external audit independence function performance constraints

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the international social system and enterprise system, the external audit of enterprises has lost considerable development.

First, the extension and function of external audit independence

(A) the meaning of external audit independence

Independence is the soul of external audit ............................................................... ((omitted below)

(B) the role of external audit independence

(omitted below)

Second, the performance of external audit independence

Thirdly, the restrictive factors of external audit independence

Fourthly, some suggestions to improve the independence of external audit.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Reflections on the audit of the International Department of our hospital

Take the exam and contribute.

[1] International Association of External Auditors, revised and compiled by China International Auditing Association, Code of Practice for External Auditing, China Audit Publishing House, 1999.

[2] Li Jun edited "On the independence of audit" Lixin Accounting Publishing House 2000

[3] People's Republic of China (PRC) Audit Law Eighth Session of the Ninth NPC Standing Committee 1994.

[4] Zhang Yuning, Peng Zhiping Accounting Monthly (Accounting) 2002.4.

[5] "Guide to Enterprise Financial Auditing", edited by the China-Australia Cooperation Project Group of the National Audit Office, China Audit Press, 200 1.

[6] Auditing, edited by Li Xiangzhi, university of international business and economics Publishing House, 200 1.

[7] Kang Zhongqi's Principles of Ancient Auditing, Lixin Accounting Publishing House, 1999.

[8] Zeng Xiaogang. The role of external audit under the ancient enterprise system. Economic Forum, 2004.2.