With the acceleration of urbanization in China, more and more farmers are constantly entering cities to work, especially in the field of construction, which we call "migrant workers".

They brought fresh blood to the city, but at the same time, many safety accidents happened.

How to reduce the occurrence of safety accidents has become an urgent problem to be discussed and solved.

Practice has proved that safety education and training is one of the most effective means to reduce the accident rate.

However, due to various subjective and objective reasons, there are many problems in the safety education and training of migrant workers.

Taking the construction industry as the breakthrough point, this paper analyzes the present situation of migrant workers' safety production and the problems existing in their safety education, and discusses the ways and methods to make up for the deficiencies, aiming at enhancing the awareness of migrant workers' safety production and creating a harmonious production atmosphere of "safety first, prevention first" in the construction industry.

Keywords: safety education and training for migrant workers in construction industry. Since the reform and opening up, with the acceleration of urbanization in China, a large number of rural laborers have gone out of the countryside and entered urban employment, most of which have poured into the construction field. As of August 2005, there are about 32 million migrant workers in China's construction industry, accounting for more than 90% of the total number of construction workers.

Undeniably, the employment of rural labor in the construction field has many positive meanings, such as increasing farmers' income, adjusting rural employment and economic structure, and promoting urbanization and industrialization. Migrant workers have become an important part of China's industrial workers, and a large number of rural laborers have entered cities to find jobs, making up for the urban labor employment gap brought about by economic restructuring.

In 2004, the central government document 1 pointed out: "Migrant workers who work in cities have become an important part of industrial workers, creating wealth and providing tax revenue for cities.

However, the seemingly optimistic employment situation of migrant workers has become a heart disease for Premier Wen Jiabao.

In April 2006, Premier Wen Jiabao said during an inspection tour in Chongqing: "In recent years, migrant workers have been one of my most concerned issues.

The reason is that the current situation of migrant workers' safe production is still unsatisfactory.

First of all, migrant workers are still "cheap labor".

Secondly, migrant workers are still "working overtime".

Finally, migrant workers are still "high-risk labor".

Generally speaking, it is characterized by weak legal concept of safety production, low awareness of safety production, lack of safety production knowledge, poor emergency response ability, low level of operating skills, ignorance and recklessness, illegal command, illegal operation, violation of labor discipline and so on.

These unhealthy trends are the result of neglecting the occupational safety education and training for migrant workers (laborers), which leads to the low safety quality of migrant workers and the direct cause of accidents.

Second, the problems existing in the safety education and training of migrant workers At present, there are the following outstanding problems in the safety education and training work: 1, the responsibility of safety education and training is not clear, and the safety education and training work cannot be implemented concretely.

Some enterprises ignore and weaken the work of safety production education and training for various reasons and excuses, making it an empty decoration, and no one is responsible for implementing the specific work.

2. The time of safety education and training is not guaranteed, the content is not specific and the method is not flexible.

Some enterprises unilaterally pursue construction progress and economic benefits, ignoring safety production education and training, and think that it is a waste of time and money to spend this time on education and training, and time is difficult to guarantee.

3. Safety education, training and publicity activities cannot be organically unified.

Many enterprises pay lip service, shout slogans and go through formalities, without using publicity activities to achieve educational purposes.

4. The supervision of safety production education and training is not enough.

Three. Ways and methods to solve the problem of safety education and training for migrant workers; The education and training of safety production for migrant workers in construction enterprises is the key to do a good job in safety production in enterprises, and the most fundamental measure to improve the safety awareness, skill level and safety cultural quality of migrant workers and prevent accidents.

Therefore, the safety education and training for migrant workers should reflect the characteristics of series, long-term, diversity and flexibility.

1. Guidance training and vocational skills training before job transfer.

Most migrant workers are illiterate, semi-illiterate, or have only primary school or junior high school education.

Low cultural quality, lack of labor skills, can only engage in "dirty, heavy, bitter and dangerous" manual labor.

Therefore, it is necessary to improve the training of "reducing casualties" awareness of rural labor transfer in order to increase the safety factor at work.

The second task needs the strong support and input of government departments at all levels.

2. Pre-job three-level education and training.

The third-level education and training includes company education, project department education and team education.

Before migrant workers enter the construction site, they should organize three-level safety education and training. After the training, an examination should be conducted, and those who fail the examination are not allowed to take up their posts.

This is not only a condition to ensure the safe production of construction enterprises, but also a right given to migrant workers (laborers) by national laws.

Article 21 of Chapter II of People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on Safety in Production stipulates: "Production and business operation entities shall educate and train employees in safety in production, so as to ensure that employees have the necessary knowledge of safety in production, be familiar with relevant safety rules and regulations and safety operation procedures, and master safety production skills.

Employees who have not passed the safety education and training are not allowed to work at their posts.

In addition, there are also relevant provisions in the Labor Law, Regulations on Safety Production License and other laws and regulations, so that the education and training of safety production can be based on laws, the rights of employees' safety education and training can be guaranteed, and the safety production of enterprises can also be guaranteed.

3. Open night classes for site workers for long-term education.

The construction site should set up a night school for site workers, and make use of this good platform to carry out long-term safety education and training for migrant workers. We should set up courses and insist on training.

You can also invite local public security, fire control and other departments to enter the construction site for on-site education.

Night school education for employees includes not only the education of relevant national policies, safety laws and regulations, rules and regulations, but also the education of the following safety production technical knowledge: ① Training and education of general safety production technical knowledge.

This is the basic knowledge of safety production technology that all employees of construction enterprises, including migrant workers, must have, which mainly includes: a, the basic knowledge and precautions of dangerous equipment and dangerous areas and their safety protection; B. Basic safety knowledge about electrical equipment; C. Safety knowledge related to hoisting machinery and field transportation; D. Basic knowledge of safety protection of toxic and harmful raw materials used in production or raw materials that may emit toxic and harmful substances; E, the construction site fire control system and regulations; F, the correct use of personal protective equipment and casualty accident reporting methods; G. Technical measures and methods for emergency rescue and self-rescue of production safety accidents.

(2) Professional training and education on technical knowledge of production safety.

Refers to the professional safety production technical knowledge education that workers engaged in certain operations must have.

This is professional and in-depth, including the education of safety production technology knowledge, industrial hygiene technology knowledge and various safety production operation procedures formulated according to these technical knowledge and experience.

According to the nature of production, it is divided into: building safety technology and mechanical safety technology.

According to the nature and type of work of mechanical equipment, it is divided into: metal processing safety technology; Woodworking safety technology; Safety technology of assemblers; Safety technology of boiler and pressure vessel; Safety technology of electricity, gas and welding; Safety technology of hoisting machinery operation and transportation operation; Safety technologies such as fire prevention, explosion prevention and blasting operation; Motor vehicle driving safety technology; Safety technology of aerial work.

Industrial hygiene technical knowledge includes anti-virus and dust-proof safety technology; Vibration and noise control technology; Radiation and laser protection technology; Safety technology of high temperature operation.

There are also new materials, new processes, new equipment, new technologies and other safety production technology knowledge education.

③ Safety production skills training and education.

Safety production skills refer to people's skills and ability to finish their work safely.

It includes operating skills, mastering the skills of operating safety devices and facilities, and correctly handling skills in an emergency.

Mastering the technology of safe operation through specific operation drills is the education of workers' actual safety work level and ability, the combination of knowledge education and skill education, the embodiment of "on-the-job training" and "mentoring" activities in enterprises, the focus of safety production skills training and education, and has far-reaching significance for the development of enterprises.

④ Safety production awareness education.

By holding exhibitions, distributing wall charts, posting safety signs and warning signs, and posting and hanging large-scale safety slogans, we will create a cultural atmosphere for safe production in enterprises. Will subtly affect the workers to become conscious actions, and the idea of "I want safety, safety first" will be established.

⑤ Accident case education.

Through the analysis and introduction of actual accident cases, understanding the conditions, process and actual consequences of the accident is of great significance to understanding the accident law, summing up experience, drawing lessons and preventing similar accidents from happening again.

4, production safety education and training combined with publicity activities.

Through organizing various forms of safety production activities, we will fully mobilize the enthusiasm and participation awareness of the vast number of migrant workers (laborers), vigorously create a good safety production atmosphere, and improve the quality of safety culture and safety production awareness of the whole people.

Safety education and training can not be limited to lectures. The more flexible and diverse the means, the easier it is to be accepted by people with low educational level.

Finally, a cultural system of safe production is formed within the enterprise, so that safe production is in a stable and controllable state.

5. Migrant workers (laborers) should be self-disciplined.

No matter how well the education and training work is done, it must also be practiced by migrant workers working in the front line.

All migrant workers should consciously improve their awareness of safety in production, resolutely implement the provisions of the Law on Safety in Production, the Rules for Safe Operation and various laws and regulations on safety in production, and use various rules and regulations to restrain their behavior, so as not to violate rules and regulations, violate laws and discipline, and dare to refuse to work when unsafe factors are found.

And get familiar with the working environment and technological process as soon as possible to reduce unnecessary dangers.

6. Intensify the education and training of safety production supervision.

For a long time, China's safety production education and training has been supervised and managed by government functional departments, with a single means and insufficient strength.

For this problem, I think we can strengthen it from the following points: (1) Strengthen the dynamic supervision after the issuance of the safety production license.

(2) Strengthen the supervision of public opinion.

It is necessary to make extensive use of newspapers, television, internet and other media to publicize safety production education and training, expand the scope of supervision subjects of safety production education and training, and create a good public opinion orientation.

In short, the safety training and education for migrant workers in construction enterprises should not be a mere formality, but should be implemented and sustained, so that migrant workers can always tighten the string of safety production and integrate safety production into their minds, thus improving the effectiveness of safety production management, preventing casualties, ensuring the safety of people's lives and property, and laying a solid foundation for the survival and healthy development of enterprises.