1. What are the safety requirements for workers in fireworks production?

New workers must receive safety education and technical training when they enter the factory and change jobs, and they can only take up their posts after obtaining the operation certificate. It is forbidden to wear hard soles, spikes and flammable fiber clothing, and buttons, hairpins, knives and scissors and chains of strip steel products are not allowed to enter dangerous production areas. Personnel engaged in dust operations should have regular health checks. Persons with occupational contraindications shall not be arranged to engage in taboo operations, and persons under the age of 18 and disabled persons shall not be arranged to engage in pharmaceutical ingredients, building drugs and other processes. Personnel under the age of 16 shall not be arranged to engage in any production. It is forbidden to go to work after drinking. When working, you are not allowed to leave your post, and you are not allowed to wear medicine dust's work clothes and enter other workshops.

2, fireworks production should be equipped with what safety protection articles?

The factory should be equipped with protective articles that meet the requirements according to the nature and working conditions of the work, and implement the inspection and use system. Operators engaged in high-dust processes such as pharmacy, charge and pharmacy shall meet the following requirements: (GB 2626-81+0); Wear tight-fitting long-sleeved trousers, overalls, drag hats and cloth socks to minimize the exposed parts of the body, and the clothes are simple and easy to take off; Protective articles must be made of antistatic materials; When doing other jobs, you can't wear special work clothes used to prepare dangerous drugs such as chlorate.

3. Why can't ordinary plastic or rubber tools be used to make fireworks?

Ordinary plastics and rubber tend to accumulate static electricity when rubbing. When the static voltage accumulates to a certain range, it is easy to break through the air and discharge to another object, resulting in discharge sparks. Fireworks and firecrackers are easy to burn or explode when stimulated by electrostatic powder. In production, many enterprises like to use plastic and rubber tools. Both plastics and rubber are prone to generate static electricity after rubbing, but the conductivity of plastics and rubber is poor, and the generated static electricity is easy to accumulate, forming a high electrostatic voltage and easily generating discharge sparks. For example, some technicians like to mix drugs on plastic sheets, which is very dangerous. When the plastic sheet rubs against the drug, it will generate a high electrostatic voltage, which may discharge at any time and ignite the drug. Generally, it can be mixed with kraft paper, because kraft paper is not easy to generate electrostatic accumulation. So neither plastic nor rubber can be used as production tools for fireworks. Conductive plastics and conductive rubber made by special processing have conductivity and are not easy to accumulate static electricity, so they can be used as tools. For example, conductive rubber can be put on the medicine table to reduce the impact on the medicine; Liangzi frame is made of conductive plastic, which is convenient for storing Liangzi, etc.

4. Why can't employees of fireworks enterprises wear chemical fiber clothes to work?

Because the human body is also easy to accumulate static electricity, especially when wearing chemical fiber clothes, the human body will keep rubbing against the clothes, resulting in extremely high static electricity accumulation. When people with high electrostatic voltage come into contact with fireworks and firecrackers, it is easy to produce discharge sparks and cause accidents. In addition, chemical fiber clothes are easy to burn in case of fire and stick to human skin, causing great harm, so employees are forbidden to wear chemical fiber clothes to work.

1, how to pay attention to the preparation stage of raw materials in the manufacture of fireworks and firecrackers?

The raw materials used in the manufacture of fireworks and firecrackers must meet the quality standards of fireworks and firecrackers, and have a product certificate. It can only be used after testing and identification. In the process of preparation and use, substances that increase drug sensitivity shall not be mixed. If the following substances are mixed into fireworks and firecrackers, it will increase the sensitivity of drugs, and special attention should be paid to the production:

(1) Prohibited (or partially prohibited) raw materials such as potassium chlorate and pure magnesium powder;

(2) Hard particles such as sand and iron slag;

(3) moisture;

(4) acidic substances.

In addition, it should be noted that raw materials with a delivery date of more than one year can only be used after re-inspection. Some raw materials will deteriorate if they are left for too long, which will affect the quality and even the safety when they are made into fireworks and firecrackers. If the unsealed aluminum powder is left for a long time, it will be oxidized into alumina in large quantities, thus greatly reducing its performance; Sulfur powder will also be oxidized into sulfur oxide after long-term storage, and sulfur oxide will turn into acid when it meets water, which will increase the sensitivity of drugs when it is made into fireworks and firecrackers.

2. How to pay attention to safety in the crushing and screening of fireworks drugs in the manufacturing process?

Crushing should be carried out in a separate workshop. Mechanical impurities should be screened out before and after crushing. Tools that are easy to generate sparks such as iron and tools that are easy to generate static electricity such as polyamide fibers and plastics should not be used in screening. Tools such as wood, copper and aluminum can be used. When crushing inflammable and explosive articles, it must be carried out under the isolation protection of a safety protective wall. Generally, the raw materials used in black powder can be crushed by a single material, but charcoal and sulfur should be mixed and crushed as much as possible to make the drugs mixed evenly and safely. The raw materials used in fireworks can only be crushed separately by extension. When crushing highly sensitive materials by special plane and machinery, the following matters should be noted:

(1) Check the equipment before crushing and clean the dust carefully;

(2) It must be operated remotely, and it is forbidden to start the machine without leaving the computer room;

(3) When feeding and discharging materials, the machine must be stopped and powered off;

(4) When feeding and discharging materials, stop for 10 minute, and then carry out heat dissipation;

(5) Pay attention to ventilation and heat dissipation to prevent the dust concentration in the air from exceeding the standard.

When wet grinding is used, it is forbidden to overflow the foam of the material. After the crushed materials are packaged, they should be labeled with names immediately.

3. How to pay attention to safety during the preparation and mixing of fireworks and firecrackers?

Dry mixing of pyrotechnics should be carried out in wooden barrels, paper barrels or conductive rubber barrels. Manual mixing should be carried out in a separate workshop, using conductive rubber workbench or wooden workbench, using copper mesh screen and paper with high toughness and high resistance as operating tools, and it is strictly forbidden to mix ingredients in operating workshops such as material storage. Multi-ball milling mixed black powder should be carried out in a separate workshop, operated remotely and equipped with explosion-proof facilities. The preparation of highly sensitive drugs such as chlorate in bud must have special workshops and tools, and protective facilities. If workshop tools need to be used for other purposes, they should be cleaned again before use. When preparing pyrotechnics containing aluminum or aluminum-magnesium alloy powder by wet method, heat should be dissipated in time.

4. How to pay attention to safety in the process of pressing and granulating fireworks and firecrackers?

There are 1 machine in each mechanical powder pressing and granulating workshop, and the number of employees in each workshop shall not exceed 1 person. When the machine is running, the temperature rise of drugs shall not exceed 20℃. During granulation, no one is allowed to enter the workshop except the operator. If the operator finds that the machine is abnormal during operation, he should immediately turn off the power supply and stop the machine to find out the reason. When the pyrotechnic powder is granulated, it should be produced by wet method, and the drug lag in each workshop should not exceed 5 kg. Bright beads made by wet method must be spread out, and the spread thickness shall not exceed 1.5cm (when the diameter of bright beads exceeds 1cm, the spread thickness shall not exceed twice the diameter of bright beads. ). The PH value of the adhesive should be 6 ~ 9 (i.e. neutral as far as possible). Bright beads must be screened and graded before drying, and the dosage should not exceed 3 kg each time.

5. How to pay attention to safety during drug drying in fireworks manufacturing?

It is forbidden to bake drugs directly with naked flame, and the temperature in the baking room shall not exceed 60℃. The thickness of the baked drug layer should not exceed 65438 0.5 cm. Don't rummage through the medicine when it is dry. It must be cooled to the temperature of your roommate before it can be put into storage. Dried drugs are strictly prohibited to be piled up and put into storage. The water content of dried drugs shall not be higher than 65438 0.5%.

6. How is the toxic limit set in the production of fireworks and firecrackers?

The amount of drugs collected in the packaging and construction of various products shall not exceed the limits specified in the Methods and Limits of Drug Collection Preparations in Product Packaging and Construction. For the initiating explosive device not listed in the table, the dry charge is limited to 1 kg per person each time, and the moisture content is within 5% ~ 15%, and the limit is 3 kg. The number of semi-finished products that need to be filled at one time shall not exceed the limit in the table.

Engaged in drug business, the retention of drugs and gunpowder drugs that can be stored at the same time shall not exceed its limit, and raw materials for the purpose of filling increment shall not be counted as drugs (such as sawdust, sand, rice chaff shells, cottonseed, etc.). ).

7. How to pay attention to safety in filling and making drugs in the production of fireworks and firecrackers?

Charging and construction explosives shall be carried out in a separate workshop, and the working area of the workshop shall not be less than 3.5 square meters. When filling and constructing high-sensitivity initiating explosive devices, it should be carried out in a workshop with 30 protective walls, and each room should be equipped with one person. Every time the limited amount of drugs is used up, the semi-finished products should be transferred to the warehouse or designated place in time. The workbench of the medicine building should be close to the window sill, and the height of the workbench should be slightly higher than the window sill. Tools for making drugs should be made of wood, copper, aluminum or other materials that will not produce sparks. It is strictly forbidden to use iron, and the workbench should be padded with grounded conductive rubber plate. When loading explosives mechanically, the impact part must be grounded with conductive rubber plate. Without the permission of the safety officer, the operator shall not change the operation method.

8. How to pay attention to safety when drilling and cutting fireworks and firecrackers?

Drilling and cutting of semi-finished products with medicine should be carried out in a special workshop. The drills and cutters used should be sharp and tough, waxed, oiled or used alternately. Tools that do not meet the requirements shall not be forcibly operated.

9. How to pay attention to safety in the sealing and labeling of fireworks and firecrackers?

The per capita use area of operators is not less than 2 square meters, and the width of the main passage in the operation room is not less than 1.2 meters. The total amount of semi-finished products shall not exceed 2 times the limit of filling and pressing process. The operator can only receive the next semi-finished product after completing a limited number of semi-finished products processing and delivery. Semi-finished products must be tightly sealed to prevent drug leakage.

10, how to pay attention to safety in assembling combined fireworks?

Assemble the combined fireworks only when the semi-finished products with various effects are ready. The number of each component shall not be greater than that specified in the following table:

Dose (Kg) 1 ≤2 ≥3 ≥5

Assembly quantity per person (unit) is 4 3 2 1

There are no more than four people in each workshop, the per capita use area is not less than 3.5 square meters, and the width of the main passage is not less than 1.5.

How to pay attention to safety when drying fireworks and firecrackers?

The drying of drugs should use sunlight, hot air radiator, steam drying and infrared or far infrared baking, and strict direct baking is strictly prohibited. When using solar energy for drying, the following principles must be observed:

(1) When the temperature of the finished or semi-finished product containing chlorate is higher than 37℃, it shall not be exposed to direct sunlight.

(2) The clothes rack is made of bamboo and the height is not less than 25cm.

(3) The solarium should keep a safe distance of more than 20 meters from the workshop warehouse, and be supervised by special personnel.

The drying chamber temperature of steam drying shall not exceed 75℃, and ribbed radiator is not applicable. The room temperature of hot air drying finished products and semi-finished products with chemicals should not exceed 40℃, and the semi-finished products without chemicals should not exceed 60℃, and the wind speed should be greater than1m/s. Circulating air drying should be equipped with dust removal equipment and cleaned regularly. A temperature alarm device should be set in the drying room. The stacking height in the drying room shall meet the requirements in the following table:

Name Stacking height (cm) Distance from ground height (cm) Distance from heat source (cm) Temperature (℃) When moving and overturning the car body.

Finished products and semi-finished products ≤ 120 ≥ 20 > 30 ≤ 30.

Drying boxes, drying mats and clothes racks should be made of bamboo, wood, paper and other materials, and appliances made of metal materials are not allowed. The drying room must be supervised by a special person, and the temperature rise and fall should be strictly controlled. If any abnormal situation is found, it should be handled in time and reported to the security department.

12, how to pay attention to safety in fireworks and firecrackers discharge test?

The discharge test shall be conducted at the specified place, and the site shall meet the requirements in the following table:

A small test of large rocket ground fireworks φ > 4 "fireworks bomb at high altitude.

The distance from the production area and warehouse is 500 100 1000 200 > 50.

Pay attention to wind direction and wind speed during discharge test. Quenched, misfired and unburned samples should be handled with care. After the discharge test, the residue should be cleaned and properly disposed of.

13. How to pay attention to safety in the packaging process of fireworks and firecrackers?

The packaging container of gunpowder raw materials for cigarettes must be moisture-proof, and the material of the covered container cannot react chemically with the contents. The crushed potassium chlorate should be packed in small paper bags, weighing no more than once per generation, and placed in covered wooden windows. The maximum stagnation in the packaging process of finished products should be calculated according to the amount of drugs contained in the total products, and should not exceed 2 times the amount of drugs specified in various packaging, manufacturing and pressing processes. The density of workers in the packaging workshop should not be too high, the per capita area should not be less than 2 square meters, and the width of main passages should not be less than 1.2 meters. The gap between the inner packaging and the outer packaging container can be filled with paper and materials that do not generate static electricity, so that the contents will not shake during transportation.

14. What are the safety requirements for equipment and maintenance in the production of fireworks and firecrackers?

Mechanical equipment and appliances that come into contact with drugs during maintenance should be regularly checked for their performance, and it is forbidden to run the equipment with diseases. When the equipment is overhauled in the workshop with drugs, the drugs in the workshop must be removed, and the medicine dust on the equipment must be removed, and the equipment will be dismantled and moved to the repair workshop for repair. Mechanical equipment, should have a special person responsible for daily maintenance, non-equipment management personnel, shall not be arbitrarily removed and moved.

15, cartridge limit regulations

First, when assembling fireworks to receive all kinds of bright beads, each person is limited to 0.5 kg, when receiving all kinds of propellants, each person is limited to 1 kg, and when receiving black drugs and all kinds of nodding drugs, each person is limited to 0.5 kg;

Two, when loading fireworks cartridge, the weight limit of each person is 2.5 kg, and when loading fireworks rotary drum and lifting cartridge, the weight limit of each person is 65438 0.5 kg;

Three, containing potassium chlorate as oxidant, each person is limited to 0.5 kg, and each person is limited to 1 kg when loading fireworks and explosives containing bright beads;

16, prescription, pharmacy, sun-dried bright beads co., ltd.

One, the preparation of black medicine is limited to 20 kg per person each time (including fried nitrate, fir charcoal and sulfur).

Two, the preparation of fireworks containing potassium chlorate is limited to 65438 0.5 kg per person.

Third, make all kinds of bright beads, and each person is limited to 2.5 kilograms at a time.

Four, and mixed with all kinds of bright beads to spray anthers, each person is limited to 2.5 kilograms each time.

17, building drugs, drug pressure limit regulations

First, the drug retention in each workshop shall not exceed 5% of the normal workload throughout the day. The quantity of drugs on each workbench shall be reasonably distributed and strictly controlled, and shall not exceed the regulations;

2. Provisions on restrictions on the installation and packaging of fireworks and firecrackers: Generally speaking, each person is required to be limited to 10% of the normal workload of the whole day. Enterprises should also determine stricter and more specific quota regulations according to different product varieties and specifications.