As the saying goes, "You can travel all over the world with a license, but you can't move without a license" ... As our correspondent, do you want to make a textual research? What certificate should I take?
Today, Xiao Zaojun will talk to you about this topic.
A certificate is a proof document. Industry certificate is a proof of a person's professional and technical ability.
According to the evaluation subject, certificates are generally divided into two types:
Issued by state agencies
Enterprise award
Certificates issued by state institutions are generally uniformly reviewed by relevant state departments.
Issued by the enterprise, the enterprise is generally responsible for the evaluation.
Communication industry is different from lawyer industry and financial industry. Lawyers should have lawyer qualification certificates, and accountants should have accounting certificates. These are all access cards. There is no clearly defined national access certificate in the communication industry.
Moreover, in our communication industry, the gold content of certificates issued by enterprises is far greater than that issued by the state.
Then, let's start with the enterprise certificate!
The most famous certificate in the communication industry should be cisco certified.
Whether a certificate can attract a large number of followers for a long time, a very important factor is the market position of the parent company where the certificate is located. As a veteran network equipment manufacturer, Cisco has a large market share and Jianghu status in the industry for a long time.
Everyone should be familiar with these words: CCNA, CCNP and CCIE. They represent the three main levels of cisco certified.
Among them, CCNA's "A" means Associate, which means "union and partner". CCNA is the most basic and widely used part of Cisco's professional certification system, which is equivalent to the basic requirement for entering the industry.
The "P" of CCNP means professional, which means "professional, professional". Obtaining CCNP certification means that you have rich knowledge and skills, accumulated certain experience, and are a senior network engineer.
CCIE is the best, and "E" means expert. CCIE has always been recognized as the most authoritative and respected certification in the IT industry and the top certification in the global Internet field. CCIE accounts for less than 1% of millions of network practitioners in the world.
CCIE also occupies the top spot in IT certification for a long time, which is called the ultimate IT certification. Skilled immigrants count as extra points. Not to mention salary. When Xiao Zaojun was still in college, CCIE's annual salary could reach one million.
However, CCIE's house prices have also fallen rapidly in recent years. . .
Cisco introduced CCIE certification in 1993 and entered China in 1998. In the first few years, hundreds of people passed CCIE, but how many people are there now? It will soon exceed 1 0,000 people. . .
No matter how awesome the certification is, it will not be difficult for our examination corps.
In fact, the structure of cisco certified is not limited to these three layers.
As shown in the figure, to be exact, cisco certified includes five grades.
Under CCNA, there is actually a CCENT, an entry-level network technician in cisco certified, which is very simple and almost negligible.
On top of CCIE, there is another CCAr, a certified architect in cisco certified. . . There is no best, only better. . . Cisco really took great pains. . .
In CCAr series, the levels corresponding to CCNA, CCNP and CCIE have separate names: CCDA, CCDP and CCDE.
D stands for design To put it bluntly, this newly opened science and technology tree is designed with a partial architecture (see the figure below).
Each different level is also divided according to different product business directions. For example, CCNP includes routing and switching, security, voice and so on.
If you take an examination of cisco certified, you will generally choose according to your own professional characteristics. Usually, most people take the "routing and switching" exam, and Cisco can't do anything about it.
The reference learning period corresponding to each level is as follows
CCNA: suggested self-study time is 1 month, and the training institution can basically finish it in 6 days.
CCNP: It is suggested that the self-study time should be 2 months and the training institution should basically solve it in 20 days.
CCIE: It is recommended to study for half a year.
If you want to win CCIE, it's no use just reciting the questions.
CCIE test is divided into written test and laboratory test (that is, practical operation in the laboratory).
The written test lasts 2 hours, the cost is 350-400 USD, and the certificate is valid for 18 months. A * * * 100, full mark 1 minute, can be passed.
The laboratory test is not normal, it will take 8 hours. . . Cost 1 more than RMB. . . And only Beijing has fixed test sites (a few cities have mobile test sites). . .
In a word, Xiao Zaojun thinks that Cisco, as an old communication equipment manufacturer in an old capitalist country, is still a powerful communication enterprise, and its certification is still of high value, although its market share in China has declined for some reasons and the gold content of its certificates has also declined.
If you major in computer or communication, you can consider taking the cisco certified. It is recommended that college and undergraduate students take CCNP (CCNA must be taken first).
And CCIE, if you are a college student with no actual project experience, even if you sprint to get CCIE under the assault of the training structure, your value in the employer will be discounted. In addition, CCIE's examination cost (cost and time) is indeed a bit high for students.
Oh, I almost forgot to say that you don't need to win CCNA or CCNP before you win CCIE. If you save money and have confidence in yourself, you can take CCIE directly. . .
If Cisco is a slightly mature predecessor, then Huawei is a rising star in the limelight.
As we all know, Huawei has risen rapidly in the communication industry in recent years, not only in the field of telecom equipment, but also in the field of traditional IT network equipment.
Punks accused of plagiarism have become old "hooligans" who have the right to speak. . .
In the domestic data communication equipment market (routers, switches, firewalls, etc. ), especially the national backbone computer room, due to national security reasons and various factors such as cost and service, the proportion of equipment from foreign manufacturers is decreasing, and domestic brands such as Huawei are expanding rapidly.
As mentioned above, whether the certification issued by any manufacturer can be recognized is based on market share.
Therefore, Huawei certification has become a very popular and popular certification, and it is still heating up.
Like Cisco, Huawei's certification system mainly includes three levels: engineer, senior engineer and expert.
HCNA: Entry-level certification, basically aimed at new employees or junior engineers, aimed at improving the basic knowledge and skills required for the position.
HCNP: Intermediate certification for senior engineers, aiming at improving professional knowledge and skills in different technical fields.
HCIE: Advanced certification of technical experts, aiming at learning complex technologies and improving the design ability of solutions.
The positioning of the three levels is basically consistent with that of Cisco.
Like Huawei's huge product line, Huawei's certification covers a wide range, including routing switching, wireless local area network, wireless and other 17 technical fields, and even the Internet of Things and network energy. . .
Attention, because Huawei was born as a mobile communication equipment, it is now the "Nanbo Bay (No.1)" among telecom equipment vendors, so it is an absolute authority in the wireless field such as LTE. Telecommunications professional certification is the best. In this respect, Cisco can't compare with Huawei (Cisco doesn't develop and produce telecommunications equipment such as base stations, mobile phones, MSC and EPC, but its strength is data communication equipment).
In addition, many students have always thought that Huawei certification is Huasan certification, which is wrong. There are also many students who do not understand the relationship between Huawei and Huawei.
Xiaozaojun took the opportunity to popularize this history for everyone:
200 1, Huawei launched the certification training system.
In June, 5438 +065438+2003 10, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. and American 3Com Company jointly established Huawei 3Com in Hangzhou. Huawei's certification training system and all related businesses are under the responsibility of Huawei 3Com Training Center, and the name of Huawei's certification brand is changed to Huawei 3Com certification.
In June, 2006 165438+ 10, Huawei sold all the remaining 49% shares to 3Com for 882 million dollars, and withdrew from the joint venture company, thus restarting the exclusive Huawei certification training system of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ..
On April 27th, 2007, Huawei 3Com officially changed its name to Hangzhou Huasan Communication Technology Co., Ltd., and its corporate logo was replaced by "H3C".
20 10 in April, HP completed the acquisition of 3Com, and its subsidiary Hangzhou Huasan was formally merged into HP.
In fact, the non-competition clause between Huawei and 3COM ended on September 29th, 2009. Therefore, H3C has nothing to do with Huawei now, and H3C certification has nothing to do with Huawei certification introduced by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ..
In addition to professional certification, Huawei also has "professional certification" for channel partners, including: sales expert certification, pre-sales expert certification, solution expert certification, after-sales expert certification, secondary development expert certification and business expert certification. As a college student, you only need to know, not pay attention.
In terms of specific examination institutions, Huawei certification examination is represented by Prometric Examination Service Company. Different levels and directions of certification examination items have different examination requirements and processes.
The whole process is as follows:
Take HCIE as an example, including written test, laboratory test and interview. If the fee is 10200 RMB, it will be about 5000 RMB if you want to make up the exam in the interview. . .
Although the investment is large, the investment will pay off, and the salary will come back in a few months. . . I can't bear to be separated from my children. . .
Many students will struggle between CCIE and HCIE. Which one should they choose?
This is really hard to choose.
My personal suggestion is that if you plan to enter the field of mobile communication, you can consider Huawei certification more. Generally speaking, cisco certified still has a little advantage over Huawei certification. However, in China, the upward trend of Huawei is obvious, and its value is also emerging. If it is possible to go abroad for development in the future, at present, cisco certified still carries considerable weight. However, with the continuous expansion of Huawei overseas, even in the international market, the market share is increasing, and the value of Huawei certification overseas will continue to increase.
Among domestic telecom equipment vendors, besides Huawei, there is ZTE. At least in the domestic telecom equipment market, ZTE and Huawei still have market share.
After so many years of fighting, the domestic telecommunications industry has experienced ups and downs and many enterprises have closed down. Now it is basically the world of ZTE and Huawei. ZTE and Huawei together account for more than half of the bidding results of main equipment every time.
ZTE also launched its own authentication system.
I don't need to say the certification level of ZTE. Everyone is guessing. Yes, just like Cisco and Huawei. . .
(Can you be a little creative? )
In terms of product classification, ZTE provides 9 technical fields such as bearer, wireless, core network, access, multimedia, energy support, cloud computing, terminal and ICT integrated design, and 2 1 technical direction training certification.
Like Huawei, the main advantage of ZTE certification lies in the field of telecom equipment.
ZTE's examination institutions have gradually changed from ZTE's own organization to the organization of third-party examination institutions such as Pearson VUE. Candidates can buy test coupons and take the test at VUE test sites all over the country. At present, ZTE's certification examination is mainly written examination and telephone interview.
It should be noted that there are many cooperative companies (third parties) in the industry. If you want to cooperate with Huawei ZTE, the relevant personnel need to meet the requirements of Huawei ZTE, which is usually reflected in company certification and personnel certification.
For example, employees of a company need to participate in ZTE's projects through labor cooperation, so this employee must pass the corresponding certification of ZTE. Moreover, the dispatch fee is also linked to the certification level.
Therefore, for students with low academic qualifications, it is very important to take the certification of Huawei and ZTE. Huawei and ZTE recruit employees in their own schools, basically regardless of whether you have their company certification or not.
Well, enterprises in the communication industry issue skills certification, which is mainly the above. As for the IT technology certification such as Oracle certification and Redhat certification, IT is mainly in the direction of IT and software, so Xiao Zaojun will not introduce it much.
National certificate
Let's talk about the certificate issued by the state.
In the communication industry, the national certification does not contain much gold. At present, the certificate issued by the state mainly refers to the "National Professional Level Examination for Communication Professionals".
The exam is a national exam organized by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. It is divided into three grades: junior, middle and senior.
Examination content: Both the primary and intermediate vocational level examinations have two subjects, namely, the comprehensive ability of communication specialty and the practice of communication specialty, and the advanced vocational level is evaluated by combining assessment with assessment. Among them, the intermediate examination "Communication Professional Practice" is divided into five professional categories: switching technology, transmission and access technology, terminal and service, internet technology and equipment environment, and candidates choose one according to their work needs.
The biggest feature of this exam is that it is both a professional qualification exam and a professional title qualification exam.
Obtain the certificate of primary level, and can employ technicians or assistant engineers; Get intermediate level certificate, can be employed as an engineer.
Because it is related to professional titles, this exam is more valuable in national enterprises and institutions. If you work in such a unit, you'd better get this certificate. However, in private enterprises and foreign companies, there is basically no one to control. The national examination is not so complicated, and it basically depends on rote memorization. Ha ha.
Another feature of this kind of inspection is that it is cheap. . . Compared with the examination fee of tens of thousands of enterprises, the national advanced examination is only in 200 yuan. . . Nothing can be tested and played. . .
Oh, by the way, there is also a "national computer technology and software professional technical qualification (level) exam", referred to as "national soft exam", which is also related to the communication major. It is also an exam organized by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. It is also divided into three grades: junior, middle and senior.
Communication major mainly focuses on the professional category of "computer network".
Well, the certificates issued by the state are probably the above two kinds.
PMP project management
Nowadays, the social competition is so fierce that technology alone is not enough. Therefore, in addition to technical certificates, non-technical certificates have gradually become popular in the communications industry. For example, our "PMP" certificate. . .
PMP certification, that is, project management professionals (PMP), is a global project manager qualification certification system introduced by project management institute (PMI), and the certified project manager is called "PMP".
The purpose of PMP certification is to provide unified industry standards for project managers, promote the healthy development of project management industry, and at the same time, it is also an affirmation of personal achievements in project management.
Not everyone can shoot PMP. According to different academic qualifications, the conditions for examination registration are different. Mainly the length of project management experience.
Those with a bachelor's degree or above or equivalent have at least 4,500 hours of project management experience in the five major project management processes (start-up stage, planning stage, implementation stage, control stage and closing stage), and the accumulated project management months in the 6 years before the application date have reached at least 36 months; He has more than 35 hours of project management learning and training experience, covering nine knowledge fields in the American project management knowledge system.
Therefore, the people who take the PMP exam are mainly the old employees who have worked in the communication industry for a certain period of time.
One of the main reasons why PMP is particularly popular in the domestic communication industry now is that Huawei operates projects according to PMP mode. . . As the old saying goes, whoever is awesome will follow. . .
Ok, the introduction is over!
In fact, there are many other certificates, such as the climbing certificate needed to climb the tower (there really is). Limited to space, I won't introduce them one by one.
Everyone must remember that certificates do not necessarily represent abilities, and abilities do not necessarily require certificates. . .
I hope you can choose the right certificate according to your professional direction, career planning and economic ability.
More fresh dry goods are in the fresh jujube class. Welcome to play.