1, the orderly development of biomass power generation.
Develop agricultural and forestry biomass power generation in an orderly manner. In the main grain and cotton producing areas with more straw residue resources and larger per capita arable land, direct burning of straw should be developed in an orderly manner to improve power generation efficiency; In key forest areas and concentrated processing areas of forest products, combined with forestry ecological construction, the direct combustion of forest biomass will be developed by using forestry three residues and forest product processing residues, and combined with energy forest planting, a comprehensive utilization project of forest alcohol and electricity will be built; In the "Three North" area, combined with sand prevention and control, we will build shrub planting bases and develop direct-fired power generation and comprehensive utilization projects of desert shrub stubble; Promote bagasse direct combustion power generation in major sugarcane planting areas and sucrose processing areas. Encourage the combination of biomass power generation with cellulose ethanol, biodiesel and biochemical industry to realize the cascade utilization of biomass. Encourage the development of biomass cogeneration and improve energy efficiency. By 20 15, the installed capacity of agricultural and forestry biomass power generation will reach 8 million kilowatts.
Reasonably develop garbage power generation. In combination with the protection of urban ecological environment, we will choose suitable methods of domestic garbage, sludge treatment from sewage treatment plants and energy utilization to promote garbage reduction and resource utilization. In cities in the central and eastern regions with dense population and tight land resources, it is necessary to reasonably arrange domestic waste incineration power generation projects. Construction of landfill biogas power generation project in western cities of China. Vigorously promote the progress of key equipment for garbage power generation and clean combustion technology. By 20 15, the installed power generation capacity of municipal solid waste will reach 3 million kilowatts.
Actively develop biomass gas power generation. Develop distributed biomass gas power generation in villages and towns with abundant biomass resources and dense population; Relying on large-scale livestock and poultry farms, combined with pollution control, build large-scale livestock and poultry breeding waste biogas power generation projects; Actively promote the treatment of industrial organic wastewater such as papermaking, brewing, printing and dyeing, leather and urban domestic sewage to generate electricity with biogas. By 20 15, the installed capacity of biogas power generation will reach 2 million kilowatts.
By 20 15, the total installed capacity of biomass power generation will reach130,000 kilowatts, and the annual power generation will be 78 billion kwh, replacing 24.3 million tons of standard coal as fossil energy.
2. Accelerate the development of non-grain bio-liquid fuels.
Construction of non-grain energy raw material base. In undeveloped wasteland such as saline-alkali land, grassland and hillside, according to local natural conditions and crop planting characteristics, sweet sorghum, cassava, oil palm, jatropha curcas and other energy crops will be planted to build a supply base for non-grain bio-liquid fuel raw materials. By the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, 2 million hectares of oil-bearing energy forest base will be built.
Construction of non-grain biological liquid fuel demonstration project. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, a number of industrial-scale cellulosic ethanol demonstration projects will be built, and a large-scale cellulase production base will be built. Break through key equipment and integration process, improve the manufacturing capacity of complete sets of equipment, reduce the production cost of cellulose ethanol and improve economy. Standardize and guide the industrialization of biodiesel production from waste oil, and promote the demonstration project and application of biodiesel and aviation biofuel production from woody oil crops.
By 20 15, the annual output of biofuel ethanol will reach 4 million tons, and the annual output of biodiesel and aviation biofuel will reach 1 10,000 tons. Replace fossil energy with 5 million tons of standard coal every year.
3. Actively promote biomass gas.
Actively promote the centralized supply of biomass gas. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, biomass gasification centralized gas supply will be promoted in towns or villages with abundant agricultural and forestry biomass resources, easy terrain for laying gas pipe networks, good economic conditions for farmers and concentrated life. In areas with large-scale livestock and poultry farms near residential areas, priority should be given to the development of centralized biogas supply and the construction of large and medium-sized centralized biogas supply projects. Combined with the treatment of industrial organic wastewater and urban sewage, a centralized gas supply project will be built to produce biogas by using organic matter in industrial organic wastewater, urban domestic sewage and sludge. At the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the centralized supply of biomass gas reached 3 billion cubic meters per year, equivalent to 2.5 million tons of standard coal.
Steadily promote the construction of household biogas. In rural areas with suitable climate, scattered population and more livestock, we will continue to promote household biogas and provide clean domestic gas. Taking biogas as a link, we will develop the "trinity" and "quaternity" ecological agriculture models and improve the comprehensive benefits of household biogas. By 20 15, the number of rural biogas users will reach 50 million, with an annual output of 654.38+09 billion cubic meters, equivalent to 654.38+05 million tons of standard coal.
4. Promote the industrialization of biomass briquette.
Biomass briquette has the characteristics of wide range of raw materials, strong scale adaptability and easy transportation and storage. As a heating fuel, it is an economical and practical way. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, we will focus on promoting central heating of biomass briquette in northern heating areas, vigorously promote the transformation of urban coal-fired boilers into biomass briquette boilers, reduce urban coal consumption, and expand the large-scale biomass briquette market; In rural areas where the population is scattered and it is not suitable for laying gas pipe network, the household biomass briquette will be popularized to solve the problem of energy consumption for cooking and heating. By 20 15, the annual profit of biomass briquette will reach100000 tons, which will replace 5 million tons of standard coal as fossil energy.
(two) to promote the industrialization demonstration of advanced biomass energy comprehensive utilization.
We will build a number of demonstration projects and several demonstration areas for comprehensive utilization of biomass energy in a cascade way, and promote the transformation of biomass energy utilization from a single raw material and product model to a circular economy cascade comprehensive utilization model with diversified raw materials and products, so as to obtain better comprehensive benefits of biomass resources utilization.
1, demonstration of co-production of cellulosic raw materials and biofuels
Actively promote the industrialization demonstration of comprehensive utilization of agricultural and forestry residues (cellulose) to produce bioethanol as the main product. We will build a demonstration zone for the comprehensive utilization of cellulose biofuels, make use of abundant local crop straw resources, and build an industrial demonstration project for the comprehensive utilization of cellulose hydrolysis to prepare liquid fuels and biochemical products, ethanol and electricity.
Relying on demonstration projects, we will promote the large-scale production of chemical products such as bioethanol to replace petroleum raw materials. Biogas and biogas power generation are produced by anaerobic fermentation of wastewater, or microalgae energy crops are cultivated by wastewater, and finally the biomass residue is used for combustion power generation and heating, so as to realize the overall comprehensive utilization of biomass in a cascade way.
By the end of 20 15, a number of demonstration zones of biofuel polygeneration industrialization with agricultural and forestry residues (cellulose) as raw materials will be formed.
2, microalgae biofuel polygeneration demonstration project
Encourage the demonstration of microalgae carbon fixation biofuel industrialization. In areas with suitable conditions, large-scale oily microalgae farms will be built by using industrial wastewater and waste gas rich in carbon dioxide and adopting advanced aquaculture technology, and demonstration of microalgae biofuel co-production will be carried out.
Relying on the demonstration project, we will promote the commercial production of microalgae biofuels, and at the same time produce bio-based products such as nutritional algae powder and feed algae residue with high added value. Through the co-production of microalgae biofuels, the organic combination of carbon dioxide emission reduction, industrial sewage treatment, bioenergy preparation and bio-based product development will be realized, and a demonstration base of circular economy with multi-industry combination will be built.
By the end of 20 15, several demonstration projects of microalgae biofuel polygeneration circular economy industrialization will be built.
3, biomass thermochemical conversion to prepare liquid fuel and polygeneration demonstration project
Accelerate the technological progress of biomass gasification to synthesize alcohol ether, biomass pyrolysis and liquefaction and direct catalytic conversion to prepare hydrocarbon fuel, build a demonstration zone of biomass thermochemical preparation of liquid fuel industrialization, use all kinds of agricultural and forestry residue resources, and carry out a demonstration project of multi-generation system of 10,000-ton biomass thermochemical preparation of liquid fuel, gas, heat, electricity, biomass charcoal, polyol bio-based chemicals, etc., so as to realize the cascade comprehensive utilization of low-cost large-scale biomass resources.
Relying on demonstration projects, we will break through key technologies such as large-scale biomass gasification, advanced and efficient purification and component modulation integration, bio-refining catalyst and corresponding reactive distillation separation, and reduce the production cost of biofuels. Combined with the heat demand of chemical projects and industrial parks, integrated biochemical technology is used for comprehensive refining, producing biodiesel, naphtha, aviation kerosene and other biofuels, heat energy, electric energy, fine chemical raw materials and products, pharmaceutical products and other products, expanding the application market of related products, comprehensively promoting the cascade comprehensive utilization of various agricultural and forestry biomass resources, and enhancing the economy and competitiveness of biomass energy and comprehensive utilization.
By the end of 20 15, a number of demonstration zones of liquid fuel and polygeneration circular economy industry will be formed by thermochemical conversion of biomass from agricultural and forestry residues.
4, large-scale biogas comprehensive utilization demonstration project
Accelerate the technical progress of large-scale biogas projects and improve the manufacturing level of large-scale biogas production complete sets of equipment, biogas purification equipment, biogas pipeline gas supply and canning complete sets of equipment. In areas with resources and market conditions, we will build a large-scale industrial demonstration zone for the comprehensive utilization of biogas with mixed raw materials and introduce biogas into the urban natural gas pipeline network. Set up biogas supply service stations in towns and villages to provide domestic gas for surrounding residents by supplying canned biogas; Explore the use of biogas as fuel for urban public transport vehicles; Promote the comprehensive utilization of biogas slurry and biogas residue in large-scale biogas projects, expand the organic fertilizer market, support the development of organic vegetable and fruit planting, and develop a large-scale circular economy ecological park with comprehensive utilization of biogas.
By the end of 20 15, a number of large-scale circular economy ecological parks with multi-purpose and comprehensive utilization of biogas will be formed. Box 4 Demonstration of Industrialization of Advanced Biomass Energy Comprehensive Utilization Demonstration of Bio-fuel Co-production with cellulose as raw material: demonstration projects in Henan, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shandong and other places, with crop straw as the main raw material, liquid fuels such as ethanol and butanol are prepared through cellulose hydrolysis, and the rest are made into biogas or burned to generate electricity. Through the demonstration, the technical bottlenecks such as pretreatment of cellulose raw materials and enzyme preparation were broken, and the industrialization foundation was laid.
Demonstration of microalgae biofuel co-production: in areas with suitable water quality and sufficient light, accelerate the progress of advanced aquaculture technology, select high-quality microalgae with high oil content, extract bio-oil, produce bio-fuel through greasing and reforming, and at the same time produce bio-based products such as nutrient algae powder. Through demonstration, the breeding, reproduction and popularization system of biological oil algae will be formed to promote the industrialization of biological oil algae.
Demonstration of thermochemical conversion of biomass into liquid fuel and polygeneration: Construction of demonstration projects in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou and other places, using agricultural and forestry residues as raw materials, thermochemical gasification and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to produce biofuels. Through the demonstration, the production capacity of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst will be formed to a certain scale, and the industrialization process of thermochemical preparation of bio-oil will be accelerated.
Large-scale demonstration project of comprehensive utilization of biogas: in areas with large livestock and poultry breeding scale and rich organic waste residue and wastewater resources such as Henan, Guangxi and Sichuan, demonstration projects of centralized gas supply and pipe network facilities in cities and large villages and towns will be built, and biogas will be purified and canned as dispersed civil gas and vehicle fuel. Through the construction of specialized large-scale biogas projects, a new mode of commercial application of biogas is explored. 1, urban biomass heating project
Combined with the urban atmospheric environment control and the construction of new energy demonstration cities, biomass briquette and special boilers will be promoted in cities to replace regional central heating and decentralized boilers to burn coal.
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, biomass heating projects will be built in northern cities with stable biomass resources supply and strong heating demand. Using resources such as agricultural and forestry residues, urban domestic garbage and organic sewage, livestock manure in farms, and adopting technologies such as biomass briquette heating boilers and biomass gas heating boilers, we will comprehensively develop various types of biomass heating, reduce the direct combustion of coal in cities, and improve the atmospheric environment and urban appearance.
By 20 15, there will be 50 cities that consume more than 654.38+10,000 tons of biomass fuel for annual heating, and the average total heating area of biomass heating in each city will reach more than 1 10,000 square meters. Correspondingly, each city will replace 50,000 tons of fossil energy standard coal on average every year. The total heating area of biomass heating in China has reached 50 million square meters. In that year, fossil energy replaced 2.5 million tons of standard coal.
2, rural life fuel cleaning project
Biomass energy technology is considered as an important means to realize high-quality, clean and modern energy consumption in rural areas and promote the equalization of urban and rural energy services. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, combined with the construction of green energy demonstration counties, we will promote the cleaning project of rural domestic fuels, make full use of local biomass resources such as crop straws, livestock manure and forestry residues, and promote technologies such as biomass pyrolysis and gasification, biomass dry distillation, biomass briquette, large and medium-sized biogas projects, household biogas digesters and firewood-saving stoves to provide clean domestic fuels for local residents.
In areas with abundant biomass resources and concentrated rural residents, we will build centralized biomass gas supply projects, lay biomass gas pipe networks, and promote rural gas property management and services. In the northern rural areas with heating demand, biomass briquette heating technology is mainly promoted. In forest areas and areas returning farmland to forests, combined with ecological protection projects, we will focus on developing distributed biomass energy technology, make full use of forestry residues to build biomass gasification and briquette projects, provide clean living fuel for forest areas, reduce forest fuel consumption, and consolidate the achievements of returning farmland to forests. Actively support the popularization and application of clean biomass fuel in rural schools, hospitals and other public facilities and institutions.
By 20 15, the rural domestic fuel cleaning project will benefit 1000 townships and 100 households, and replace 100 tons of standard coal with fossil energy every year.
3, biomass energy crops and energy forest base construction
According to the requirements of "not competing with the people for grain and not competing with grain for land", according to the characteristics of China's land resources and agricultural and forestry production, based on non-grain raw materials, combined with the development of modern agriculture and forestry and ecological construction, we will implement biomass energy crops and energy forest planting projects in conditional areas, rationally select and scientifically plant energy crops, develop marginal land according to local conditions, plant various non-edible grain, sugar and oil crops on a large scale, and build a biomass energy raw material supply base.
Focusing on semi-desert areas, sandy areas and other marginal areas in the "Three North" area, combined with ecological construction, we will build a woody energy forest base with shrubs as the mainstay; Large-scale planting of sweet sorghum in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Shandong and other regions; Planting potato crops and plants such as canna taro and pueraria lobata in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan; In Hainan, Fujian, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hebei and other places to build oil palm, jatropha curcas, Pistacia chinensis and other oil plants planting bases; Strengthen the research and development of oil-rich algae culture technology and carry out algae raw material culture projects.
By 20 15, 5.2 million hectares of wood energy forest base, 500,000 mu of sweet sorghum raw material base, 8 million mu of cassava and other potato crops base, 2 million hectares of oil energy forest base and 300,000 mu of other non-grain raw materials (energy grass, etc.) will be built. ) the base was built. Planting energy crops and forests can meet the raw material demand of biodiesel with an annual output of 6.5438+0.4 million tons, replacing fossil energy 6.5438+0.4 million tons of standard coal.
(4) Strengthen the construction of biomass energy technology and equipment and industrial system.
1, build a technology research and development system.
Integrate existing biomass energy research technology and capacity-building resources, strengthen the construction of national biomass energy technology research institutions, focus on building a research and development experimental platform for biomass energy comprehensive utilization technology and an advanced non-grain bio-liquid fuel technology research and development platform, engage in basic research, organize joint research, and overcome key technologies and technical problems in industrial development.
Relying on key enterprises, research institutes and universities, key laboratories covering technologies such as biomass power generation, biomass gas and bio-liquid fuel will be established to promote the research of biomass energy application technology and the construction of related technological innovation platforms. Establish biomass energy innovation centers or engineering technology centers in large enterprises, carry out applied research and system integration, and promote the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. Encourage enterprises to strengthen the digestion and absorption of imported advanced technologies and gradually establish an independent innovation technology system.
2. Develop key technical equipment.
In terms of biomass gas, we will develop technologies for efficient preparation and comprehensive utilization of biomass gas, focusing on breaking through wet fermentation and dry fermentation technologies of high-concentration mixed fuels, as well as gas purification and high calorific value conversion technologies, and develop high-power biomass gas generating units; In the aspect of bio-liquid fuel, we will focus on breaking through the key technologies of producing ethanol and other petroleum alternative fuels from lignocellulose, producing biodiesel and aviation biofuel from various raw materials, and mastering clean and efficient production technologies; In planting energy crops and energy forests, we will focus on breaking through the techniques of improved seed selection and directional cultivation, and cultivate a number of new varieties of biomass energy crops and energy forests.
In terms of biomass energy equipment, we will focus on the development of complete sets of equipment such as the collection, storage, transportation and primary processing of non-grain raw materials, the processing and transformation of non-grain fuel ethanol and microalgae biofuel, the preparation of liquid fuel by thermochemical transformation of biomass, and the preparation and comprehensive utilization of biomass gas by heat, electricity and chemistry of agricultural residues, so as to overcome the technology of high efficiency and slagging-resistant combustion of biomass molding fuel and improve the service life of vulnerable parts of molding machine to more than 500 hours.
3. Improve the industrial service system.
Accelerate the formulation and improvement of biomass energy technology and product standards, and form a unified, standardized and national biomass energy technology standard system. Construction of biomass energy equipment and product testing center, the establishment of key equipment and product certification system. Establish and improve the quality control and supervision system of biomass energy products, form an effective quality supervision mechanism, and improve the quality of products and services.
Carry out biomass energy technology training, and organize various forms and levels of biomass energy technology, equipment and product application training throughout the country. The professional qualification system shall be implemented for professional and technical posts engaged in biomass energy utilization, and all localities shall be organized to carry out biomass energy vocational skill appraisal and certification. Improve the socialized industry organization of biomass energy, give play to the role of industry associations in industry self-discipline, personnel training, technical consultation, information exchange and international cooperation, establish communication and contact between enterprises, consumers and government departments, and promote the healthy development of biomass energy industry.