1\ Description of field instrument knowledge: choose any one to talk about.
This can be roughly described as pressure \ flow \ liquid level \ material level.
Specific pressures include pressure transmitter, absolute pressure transmitter, differential pressure transmitter, high static pressure, gauge pressure and remote transmission = =
The flow rate is electromagnetic \ differential pressure \ ultrasonic = =
There are also pressure gauges \ thermal resistors \ thermocouples \ actuators (pneumatic \ electric) \ electric doors (adjustable \ non-adjustable) \ analytical instruments = =
There are many DCS configuration software.
Configuration software: There are three abbreviations in English, namely HMI/MMI/SCADA, and the corresponding full name is HMI/HMI/Monitoring and Data Acquisition, which is translated into Chinese as HMI/Monitoring and Control and Data Acquisition Software. At present, the rapid development of configuration software has extended to enterprise information management system, management and control integration, remote diagnosis and maintenance and a series of data integration on the Internet.
1. Background of configuration software generation
With the appearance of distributed control system (DCS), the concept of "configuration" began to be recognized by the majority of production process automation technicians. In the process of continuous development and application of industrial control technology, the advantages of PC (including industrial computer) are more and more obvious than those of previous special systems. These advantages are mainly reflected in: PC technology has maintained a rapid development speed, and various related technologies have matured; The ownership cost of industrial control system built by PC is relatively low; PC has abundant software resources and hardware resources, and the software has strong interoperability. The PC-based control system is easy to learn and use, and easy for technical support. In the penetration of PC technology into industrial control field, configuration software occupies a very special and important position.
Configuration software refers to some special software used for data acquisition and process control. They are the software platform and development environment for the monitoring level of automatic control system. With flexible configuration, they provide users with a universal software tool to quickly build the monitoring function of industrial automatic control system. Configuration software should be able to support various industrial control devices and common communication protocols, and usually provide distributed data management and network functions. Corresponding to the original concept of HMI, configuration software should be a software tool or development environment that enables users to quickly establish their own HMI. Before the appearance of configuration software, users in the field of industrial control manually or entrust a third party to write HMI applications, which leads to long development time, low efficiency and poor reliability. Or buy a special industrial control system, usually a closed system, which has little choice and often cannot meet the demand. It is difficult to interact with the outside world, and the functions of upgrading and adding are severely limited. The appearance of configuration software makes users get rid of these difficulties, and we can use the functions of configuration software to build a set of application systems that are most suitable for us. With its rapid development, real-time database, real-time control, SCADA, communication and network, open data interface and extensive support for I/O equipment have become its main contents. With the development of technology, monitoring configuration software will be given new contents.
2. The development of configuration software in China and the introduction of main products at home and abroad.
Configuration software products appeared in the early 1980s and entered China in the late 1980s. However, before the mid-1990s, configuration software was not widely used in China. The reason for this is the following：
(1) Domestic users still lack knowledge of configuration software, and there is no budget for configuration software in the project, or they would rather invest manpower and material resources in long-term tedious PC programming and development for specific projects than use configuration software;
② For a long time, the software awareness of domestic users is not strong. Faced with expensive imported software (the early configuration software was mostly developed by foreign manufacturers), few users are willing to buy genuine software.
(3) At that time, the application level of industrial automation and information technology in China was not high. Configuration software provided large-scale applications, and a large number of data were collected, monitored and processed. The processing results could generate data needed for management. These requirements have not been fully formed.
With the deepening application of industrial control system, people gradually realize the original development mode of upper computer programming when facing larger and more complex control systems. It is time-consuming and laborious for the project, and it is not worth the loss. At the same time, the extensive application of Management Information System (MIS) and CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System) requires the industrial site to provide more detailed and in-depth data for the production, operation and decision-making of enterprises, so as to optimize all aspects of enterprise production and operation. Therefore, after 1995, the application of configuration software has gradually become popular in China. Here are several configuration softwares.
① InTouch: ①InTouch:Wonderware's Wonderware was the first configuration software to enter China. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, InTouch software based on Windows3. 1 made us feel refreshed, and InTouch provided a rich library. But the early InTouch software used DDE to communicate with the driver, and its performance was poor. The latest InTouch version is completely based on 32-bit Windows platform and provides OPC support.
② Fix: Intel Solution company started with Fix configuration software, and/kloc-0 was acquired by Emerson in 1995. Now it is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Emerson Group. Fix6.x software provides familiar concepts and operation interfaces for industrial control personnel, and provides complete drivers (to be purchased separately). Intel Solutions named its latest product line iFiX. In iFiX, Intel solution provides powerful configuration functions, but the new version is not completely compatible with the previous 6.x version. The original scripting language was changed to VBA(Visual Basic For Application), and Microsoft's VBA development environment was integrated inside. Unfortunately, Intellution does not provide a tool to convert the 6. 1 scripting language into VBA. In iFiX, Intellution products are closely integrated with Microsoft's operating system and network. Intellution is also one of the founding members of OPC(OLE for Process Control). OPC components and drivers of iFiX also need to be purchased separately.
③ Citech: CITECH of CIT Company is also a product that entered the China market earlier. Citech's operating model is simple, but its operating model is more oriented to programmers than industrial users. Citech provides a scripting language similar to C language for secondary development, but unlike iFix, Citech's scripting language is not object-oriented, but similar to C language, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of secondary development for users.
④ WinCC: ④WinCC:Simens is also a complete configuration development environment. Simens provides C-like scripts, including a debugging environment. WinCC embeds OPC support and can configure distributed systems. However, the structure of WinCC is more complicated, and users should be trained by Siemens to master the application of WinCC.
⑤ Kingview: Kingview is the first influential configuration software development company in China (most of the earlier brands have been annihilated). Kingview provides a resource manager-style operation main interface and script language support with Chinese characters as keywords. Kingview also provides a variety of hardware drivers.
⑥ Contox: Controx2000 of Huafu Computer Company is a 32-bit configuration development platform, which provides powerful functions such as real-time curve, historical curve, alarm, data report and report for industrial users. As the earliest software developer who joined the OPC organization in China, Controx has built-in OPC support and provided dozens of high-performance drivers. Provides an object-oriented scripting language compiler, supports plug-and-play of ActiveX components and plug-ins, and supports connecting external databases through ODBC. Controx provides both network support and WevServer function.
⑦ Force Control: Daqing 3D Company Force Control. In the concept of time, force control is also one of the earliest configuration software in China. Just because the early force control has not been widely promoted as a formal commodity, it is not known to most people. About 93 years ago, the first version of Force Control was formed, but it is still a version based on DOS and VMS. Later, with the popularity of Windows3. 1, a 6-bit Windows version of force control was developed. But until the birth of the Windows95 version of Force Control, it was mainly used for some projects within the company. The 32-bit version of Likong 1.0 has obvious advantages in architecture. Its biggest feature is that it is based on the three-tier structure of real distributed real-time database, and its real-time database structure is configurable and flexible. During the period of 1999~2000, force control has made great progress, and the latest version 2.0 has greatly improved its rich functions, ease of use, openness and the number of I/O drivers. In the design of many links, force control can start from the perspective of domestic users, that is, pay attention to practicality without losing the specification of large-scale software. In addition, the company has also invested a lot of manpower in product training and user technical support. It is believed that in a short time, force control software products will have a great impact on the industrial control software industry.
Other common configuration softwares include Cimplicity of GE, RsView of Rockwell, LookOut of NI, Wizcon of PCSoft and some domestic configuration software companies, etc., each with its own characteristics.
3. Functional characteristics and development direction of configuration software.
At present, all configuration software can accomplish similar functions: for example, almost all configuration software running on 32-bit Windows platform adopts a window structure similar to a resource browser to configure and edit various resources (devices, number of tags, screens, etc.). ) in industrial control system; Provide a variety of data drivers; All of them use scripting language to provide secondary development functions, and so on. However, from a technical point of view, various configuration softwares provide different methods to realize these functions. From these differences and the development trend of PC technology, we can see the future development direction of configuration software.
3. 1 data acquisition method
Most configuration software provides a variety of data acquisition programs, which users can configure. However, in this case, drivers can only be provided by configuration software developers or written by users according to the interface specifications of some configuration software, which puts too high demands on users. OPC specification proposed by OPC Foundation is based on Microsoft OLE/DCOM technology, which provides a complete solution for software component interaction and data sharing in distributed systems. In the system supporting OPC, the data provider is the server, the data requester is the client, and the server and the client communicate through the DCOM interface, without knowing the details of each other's internal implementation. Because COM technology is implemented at the level of binary code, the server and client can be provided by different vendors. In practical application, the data acquisition program as a server is often provided by the hardware equipment manufacturers together with the hardware, which can give full play to the full efficiency of the hardware. The configuration software as a customer can seamlessly interface with the drivers of various manufacturers through OPC, which fundamentally solves the problem that the drivers with special formats always lag behind the hardware update. At the same time, the configuration software can also serve as a server to provide data for other application systems (such as MIS). OPC has been supported by well-known foreign manufacturers, including Interllution, Simens, GE, ABB, etc. With the popularization of configuration software and hardware equipment supporting OPC, using OPC for data acquisition will surely become a more reasonable choice in configuration.
3.2 the function of the script
Scripting language is an important means to extend the function of configuration system. Therefore, most configuration software provides the support of scripting language. There are three ways to realize it: one is the built-in C/Basic-like language; The second is to use Microsoft VBA programming language; Thirdly, a few configuration softwares use object-oriented scripting language. C/Basic-like language requires users to write scripts with statements similar to high-level languages, and use the combination of function calls provided by the system to complete various system functions. It should be pointed out that most domestic configuration software that adopts this method does not have perfect support for scripts. Many configuration softwares only provide the statement structure of IF…THEN…ELSE, and do not provide loop control statements, which brings some difficulties to writing scripts. Microsoft VBA is a relatively complete development environment. Configuration software using VBA usually uses Microsoft VBA environment and component technology to realize the objects in the configuration system as components, and access these objects through VBA programs. Because VisualBasic explains execution, some grammatical errors in VBA programs may not be discovered until execution. Object-oriented scripting language provides an object access mechanism, and objects in the system can be accessed through their properties and methods, which is easier to learn, master and expand, but it is more complicated to implement.
3.3 Scalability of Configuration Environment
Extensibility provides users with the ability to add new functions to the system without changing the original system, which may come from configuration software developers, third-party software providers or users themselves. The most commonly used means to increase functions is the application of ActiveX components. At present, only a few configuration software can provide a complete function of importing ActiveX components and realize the access of scripting language to imported objects.
3.4 Openness of configuration software
With the popularization of management information system and computer integrated manufacturing system, the application of production site data is not limited to data acquisition and monitoring. In the manufacturing process, a large number of field data are needed for process analysis and process control in order to adjust and optimize the production process. The existing configuration software can only provide most of these requirements in the form of reports, or export the data to an external database through ODBC for other business systems to call. In most cases, it still needs to be redeveloped. With the increasing demand for information in production decision-making activities, it can be predicted that configuration software will be more closely integrated with management information system or leadership information system, and it is likely to appear in configuration software in the form of modules that realize data analysis and decision-making functions.
3.5 Support for the Internet
The production of modern enterprises has tended to an international and distributed production mode. Internet will be the foundation of distributed production. Whether configuration software can jump out of the original LAN operation mode and support the Internet is an important topic for all configuration software developers. Limited by the current network infrastructure and industrial control applications in China, the author thinks that for a long time, the browser's monitoring of industrial sites through the Internet will remain in the monitoring stage in most applications, and the actual control function should be realized through more stable technologies, such as dedicated remote clients, ActiveX controls provided by professional developers or Java technology.
3.6 Control function of configuration software
With the improvement of automatic control integrated system technology with industrial PC as the core and the continuous improvement of the level of engineers and technicians using configuration software, users' requirements for configuration software are no longer mainly focused on the screen as in the past, but some substantive application functions, such as software PLC and advanced process control strategy, should be considered.
Soft PLC product is a control device based on PC open structure, which has the characteristics of hard PLC in function, reliability, speed and fault finding. Using software technology, the standard industrial PC can be transformed into a fully functional PLC process controller. Soft PLC integrates the functions of computer and PLC, such as switch control, analog control, mathematical operation, numerical processing, communication network and so on. Through a multi-task control core, it provides a powerful instruction set, fast and accurate scanning cycle, reliable operation and an open structure that can connect various I/O systems and networks. Therefore, it can be said that soft PLC provides the same functions as hard PLC and has various advantages of PC environment. At present, the internationally influential products are: ISaGRAF software package of French CJ International Company, WinPLC of PCSoft International Company, Paradym-3 1 of Wizdom Control Intellution Company of the United States, ProcessSuite of Moore Process Automation Solution Company of the United States, InControl of Wonder ware Controls Company of the United States, SoftPLC Company, etc. There is no configuration software for soft PLC products in China. If domestic configuration software wants to surpass foreign competitors, it must innovate and launch products with similar functions.
With the requirements of high flexibility and high efficiency put forward by enterprises, the control scheme based on classical control theory can no longer adapt. After the advanced control strategy represented by multivariable predictive control was put forward and successfully applied, advanced process control attracted wide attention of process industry. Advanced process control (APC) refers to an operation and control strategy implemented in a dynamic environment, which is based on models and fully relies on computer capabilities to maximize chemical plants. Advanced control strategies mainly include: dual control and valve position control, pure lag compensation control, decoupling control, adaptive control, beat control, state feedback control, multivariable predictive control, reasoning control and soft-sensing technology, intelligent control (expert control, fuzzy control and neural network control) and so on. Especially intelligent control has become a hot spot in development and application. At present, many large domestic enterprises have invested in the implementation of advanced control in equipment automation systems. Many foreign control software companies and DCS manufacturers compete to develop advanced control and optimal control engineering software packages. According to the data report, an ethylene plant invested 6.5438+0.63 million dollars to implement advanced control, and the expected income after completion is 6 million dollars/year. As can be seen from the above, the configuration software that can embed advanced control and optimized control strategy will be greatly welcomed by users.
4. Concluding remarks
The demand of users has promoted the continuous progress of technology, especially in configuration software. The future configuration software will be an open system, which will provide more powerful configuration functions in a distributed environment, fully support ActiveX, have strong expansibility, support industrial standards such as OPC, have powerful control functions, and can be accessed through the Internet.
HMI is the abbreviation of man-machine interface.
In fact, HMI is broadly defined as "the interface between users and machines for exchanging, transmitting and receiving information".
For example, in a factory, we need to collect the temperature, humidity and machine status in the factory.
And so on, through a master controller to monitor and record these parameters, and can handle some unexpected situations.
This is a typical application of SCADA/HMI. Generally speaking, HMI system must have several basic functions:
Real-time data trend display-displays the captured data on the screen immediately.
Automatically record data-automatically store data in the database for later review.
Trend display of historical data-visually present the data in the database.
Report generation and printing-data can be converted into report format and printed.
Graphical interface control-The operator can directly control the machine and other equipment through the graphical interface.
Alarm Generation and Recording-Users can define some conditions for alarm generation,
For example, if the temperature is too high or the pressure exceeds the critical value, the system will generate an alarm and notify the operator to handle it.
When the electrical equipment or circuit cannot be overhauled, the switch should generally be turned off to ensure safety. In some cases, when live maintenance is needed, the maintenance personnel should have some basic knowledge of live maintenance and pay attention to the following safety matters:
1. Live maintenance should be supervised. In case of an accident, the guardian can unplug the power socket immediately. Or pull the knife switch. In addition, when the guardian finds that the operator may contact the charged body, he can remind him in time to prevent electric shock accidents.
2. Tools with insulated handles should be used for live working. Stand on dry insulation such as wooden boards, stools and bamboo ladders, and wear gloves, rubber shoes or plastic shoes. Be careful not to stand on ladders and stools made of metal such as iron and aluminum.
3. During live maintenance, generally do not work with load, that is, turn off the power switch of load (such as household appliances, lighting lamps, etc.). ) before the operation.
4. During maintenance, the human body shall not touch two wires at the same time, and form the habit of one-handed operation. The other hand can put on gloves, hold the insulated part of the equipment or do some auxiliary work.
5. Maintenance period. Pay attention to the human body not to touch the wall, metal bracket, etc. And don't touch the roof, ceiling or other conductive objects to avoid electric shock.
6. Standing ladders and stools should be firmly placed. In order to prevent the people working above from slipping, someone should help hold it below, but be careful not to touch the body of the maintenance personnel, so as not to cause an electric shock accident.
7. When maintenance personnel at heights need others to transfer tools and supplies on the ground, they should keep their hands away from conductors or charged bodies. They should not transfer tools when holding conductors or contacting charged bodies, so as not to cause two people to get an electric shock at the same time.