Graduation thesis of special education
Analysis of Problems in Special Education in China
Since the reform and opening up, the special education in China has been continuously reformed and improved. With the development of economy and the demand of people, special education in China has made remarkable achievements. Most disabled children can not only receive preschool education and compulsory education, but also get good grades in secondary education and higher education. Special education is a very important part of China's current education and teaching tasks, especially in China, which is building a harmonious society. However, in recent years, faced with the growing economy of China and the special requirements of diversified domestic special talents, we still find that there are many problems in special education in China. This paper makes a simple analysis of the problems existing in China's special education and gives corresponding solutions.
Keywords: special education; Problem analysis; Effective strategy
I. Introduction
Special education is to educate children with special needs by using specially designed courses, teaching materials, teaching organization methods and teaching equipment in order to achieve general and special training goals. It can meet the educational needs of special children, so that they can learn what they deserve, acquire skills, develop their potential, improve their social adaptability and become useful talents in society. By the end of 20 12, there were 378,800 special education schools and 43,700 special teachers in China. However, with the development of China's economy, the needs of special families and special students for special education are becoming more and more diversified. In the practice of special education in China, there are many problems in teaching philosophy, management mode and national supervision mechanism. How to reform and improve China's special education is an important problem to be solved urgently by society, schools, teachers and parents.
Second, the problems of special education in China
In recent years, China's special education has made great progress, but there are still many problems such as nonstandard design of special education textbooks, weak teachers and insufficient state support. With what? Twelfth Five-Year Plan? With the release of the plan, special education in China has gradually become the focus of social attention. These problems not only can not fully guarantee the education of disabled children, but also restrict the pace of building a harmonious society in China.
(1) The design of special education textbooks is unreasonable.
The course materials of special education can only be used in special teaching after special design to ensure that special students can understand them. At present, the curriculum of special education in China still follows the contents of textbooks in ordinary schools. Although it was slightly modified and added some special education elements, it was not implemented. Disabled children can't really understand. They were originally flawed in some ways. Such unreasonable textbook design will make them particularly difficult to learn. Then the special teaching has not played a real role, can not guarantee the quality of special teaching, and students can not accept knowledge well.
(2) Special education teachers are weak.
In our country, many teachers are unwilling to work in special education schools. On the one hand, it is a question of wages. On the other hand, they feel that they will be very tired and hard to work, and they have not received professional special education training, which leads to the weakness of special education teachers in China. The country is vigorously promoting it? Studying in a regular class? , but? Studying in a regular class? There is a big problem for teachers. Teachers lack knowledge of special education background, right? Studying in a regular class? Some students can't teach students in accordance with their aptitude, nor can they take into account their physical or intellectual differences, which makes it difficult for teachers to work and students to study. Teachers can only constantly improve themselves, improve their professional ethics and professionalism, and formulate corresponding teaching methods according to the actual situation of each student, so that disabled children can better receive education.
(3) National and local support for special education is not enough.
In China, except for relatively developed cities, most provinces and cities have less support for special education. Due to insufficient capital investment, there are many problems in teaching equipment, teaching management, infrastructure and teachers, which cannot meet the needs of local special education. In addition, local special education schools only pay attention to the cultivation of students' theoretical knowledge, but ignore the cultivation of disabled people's practical ability, professional ethics education and physical and mental health, which leads to their inability to correctly treat the ridicule of normal people, thus leading to their negative inferiority.
Third, effective strategies to solve the problem of special education in China
According to the above simple analysis, we can see that there are more or less some problems in special education in China. In the teaching practice, the society, students and teachers should be soberly aware of these problems, and formulate relevant measures to actively improve them, so as to ensure that disabled students can receive the best education and enable them to study and live like normal people.
(1) Constantly improve special education textbooks.
The content of special education textbooks in China should be reformed and improved to ensure that disabled students in China can understand and learn, and teachers need not work so hard in classroom teaching. Schools can choose different teaching materials according to students' specific conditions, such as physical and intellectual conditions, and cannot choose the same teaching materials for convenience. In addition to teaching students theoretical knowledge, schools should also strengthen their practical ability and teach them corresponding skills. In addition, it is necessary to cultivate students' ideological and moral and physical and mental health, so that they can clearly understand themselves and correctly treat others' strange eyes on themselves.
(2) Strengthen the construction of special education teachers.
As the disseminator of knowledge and the leader of the classroom, teachers are the key for students to learn knowledge well. Schools should actively respond to the call of the government, build a team with strong teachers, focus on strengthening the construction of special education teams, organize teachers to hold lectures and competitions on special education knowledge regularly, and learn from the excellent experience of international special education. As a teacher, we should always be clear about our responsibilities and obligations, and should not hold a strange attitude. We must be responsible for students, take students as the main body, constantly improve our professional knowledge level, and ensure that students can better receive special education. Of course, this requires schools to increase capital investment to do a good job in teacher training, and at the same time improve the welfare of teachers, in order to comprehensively improve the overall quality of teachers.
(3) Increase national and local support.
At present, China pays more and more attention to special education. Local governments should increase capital investment and improve the corresponding teaching facilities and infrastructure of special schools, so that they can enjoy the same treatment as normal people. The state has expanded a large number of special education schools in various places, and reduced the tuition fees for disabled children, so that disabled children in all families can afford books and read good books. For students who can't go to school due to physical conditions, the state has also formulated? Send the teacher to the door? The new plan will enable them to enjoy equal educational rights, enable them to learn knowledge and skills and better adapt to social life. For example, Dai is a student with vision problems. After studying acupuncture and massage techniques in Shandong Special Education School, he returned to his hometown to open his own massage shop. Now there are four chain stores, which have improved the employment skills of more than 40 blind people.
Fourth, summary.
It is said that every disabled child is an angel with broken wings. Special education gives them invisible wings and a good environment for them to learn knowledge, develop their potential and improve their personality. Special education bears the heavy responsibility of cultivating special students. Therefore, we must recognize the problems existing in the development of special education, formulate corresponding effective strategies and constantly improve them, so as to provide the best teaching environment for disabled children, so that they can receive the best education, improve their skills and better adapt to social life.
References:
[1] Cheap? A Summary of the Research Status of Special Music Education [J]. Hundred Schools of Art, 20 12, S 1:400-402.
[2] He Yanchun. Present situation, problems and countermeasures of special education [J]. Science and Technology Information, 2013,25:198+200.
[3] Na Ren Qimuge. Reflections on the current situation of special education [J]. Inner Mongolia Education, 2009, 09:55-56.
[4] Zhuang Di. Research on the Equity of Special Education in Compulsory Education [D]. Northeast Normal University, 20 1 1.
Graduation thesis of special education II
Analysis of Special Education Curriculum
Abstract: With the development and progress of society and the improvement of civilization, special groups have the same educational opportunities as normal people. With the support of national policies and all walks of life, China's special education has achieved rapid development, enabling special groups to enjoy the opportunity of education, mastering some basic life survival skills through learning, and changing their living conditions. An important part of special education is special education curriculum, which directly determines the learning content of learners. However, there are still some problems in the special education curriculum in China. In order to better promote the development of special education, it is particularly important to determine the curriculum objectives of special education.
Keywords: special education; Curriculum setting; Planned goal
Although Chinese and foreign educators have different definitions of curriculum, one thing is the same: curriculum is the intermediary link between teaching and learning and the foundation of teaching activities. As the carrier of knowledge, curriculum plays an important role in the process of imparting knowledge, and the selection of curriculum content should be based on educational objectives. Educators choose goals, not set them. In order to make a wise choice of educational goals, there must be information from three aspects: research on students' physical and mental development; Research on contemporary social life; Advice from subject experts.
First, the source of special education curriculum objectives
Taylor, a curriculum theorist, chose the curriculum source mainly for ordinary students. Of course, the courses of special groups of students can also be used as a reference, but they must also be biased according to their characteristics. Because special group students are different from ordinary students in congenital conditions, intelligence, psychology, growth environment, learning ability and practice, our curriculum should take care of their particularity. So, how can we take care of the differences of special education students? We should choose the curriculum objectives of special education according to its characteristics.
(A) based on students' research and choice to develop curriculum objectives
The training goal of talents is achieved through the knowledge and ability carried by various courses. The choice of courses should be based on students' learning, and the characteristics of students' physical and mental development and their learning ability should be studied. The theory of Vygotsky, an educator in the former Soviet Union, shows that our teaching should consider the characteristics of students' physical and mental development and the possible areas of development, and teaching should promote students' development. Similarly, our curriculum can also be inspired by this theory, considering students' possible development areas. The curriculum is based on the laws of physical and mental development, memory thinking, understanding ability and learning ability of students at different ages, so that the courses studied by students are neither too advanced nor too backward. Therefore, our special education curriculum should take into account the particularity of students' physical and mental factors, and only in this way can we better achieve the curriculum objectives.
(B) Based on the study of students' future social life, set curriculum objectives.
The purpose of knowledge acquisition is to solve the problems of survival and life, so that people can get a happy life. As the main way for us to acquire knowledge, courses should pay attention to our real life. The problem is not to teach students all kinds of knowledge, but to cultivate their interest in learning to ask questions, and when this interest is fully increased, teach them the methods of learning knowledge. There is no doubt that this is a basic principle of all good education. We should seriously study the actual situation of special education in China, proceed from the reality of special education, develop curriculum resources according to the difficulties and needs of special groups and their parents, help them solve practical problems, and help them acquire necessary life skills to better adapt to life.
Second, the theoretical basis of special education curriculum
Theory is the guide of our actions, and the role of correct theory lies in reducing the blindness of people's behavior and increasing the consciousness of behavior. With the correct theoretical guidance, the curriculum can better achieve the curriculum objectives.
(A) Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
Howard, a famous educator and psychologist at Harvard University in the United States? Gardner believes that human beings have at least eight kinds of intelligence, namely linguistic intelligence and logical intelligence. Mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, limbs? Kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, introspective intelligence and natural observation intelligence. Every kind of intelligence represents a unique mode of thinking. Every student has some development potential. As long as they are provided with proper education, their potential can be brought into full play. However, due to the differences in innate qualifications, personal growth environment and personal historical and cultural background, everyone's ability development and degree are different. We should face up to and accept these differences. The curriculum should take into account the characteristics of special groups, for example, the hearing of the blind is often more sensitive than that of ordinary people, and some organs of the disabled are missing, but the corresponding functions of other organs will be particularly developed. Although special groups of students may have defects in some aspects, we should not isolate them from ordinary students in general, but should find their bright spots. There are many kinds of students' intelligence, not a single one, so our curriculum should take into account the development of their special abilities.
(B) Cognitive structure learning theory
Bruner, a professor at Harvard University in the United States, believes that people acquire knowledge and realize learning through the process of cognitive representation. People interact with the environment according to categories or classification systems, or deal with foreign information with existing categories, or form new categories with foreign information. He believes that human knowledge evolves along the path from generalization to differentiation, so curriculum writing can also be carried out in the order from abstract knowledge to concrete knowledge. Therefore, the structure of knowledge is very important, and the compilation of our courses should follow the logical structure of knowledge, so as to facilitate students to build their own knowledge system, so that teachers can teach more easily and students can learn more easily.
III. Curriculum objectives of special education
The curriculum goal is the navigation of our curriculum setting, and it is also a necessary condition to realize the educational goal. Clear curriculum objectives are conducive to better achieving educational goals. Based on the characteristics of special curriculum objects, special education curriculum should focus on cultivating the following objectives.
(a) Basic survival skills
Now we often emphasize that education should return to life and pay attention to our life problems. Students of special groups may not be able to live independently for some reasons, and even have some problems in survival, so our courses should be based on real life and help them solve real life problems. We should pay attention to the cultivation of students' basic knowledge, basic ability and citizens' basic moral quality in special groups, so as to lay a foundation for their future study and life. The growth of some special groups of students basically depends on their parents. In this case, we should strive to let them master a skill and attach importance to the knowledge of problem-solving skills. In the course, we can explain how people solve problems in life, so that they can master how to deal with similar problems in life and live independently.
(2) lead a happy life
Happiness is the eternal pursuit of human beings, and the purpose of education is to make people live a happy life. Due to some defects of students in special groups and incorrect evaluation of people around them, some of them may have some extreme understandings that life is unfair to them and life owes them, but they are in a state of complaining all day and lose confidence in life, which leads to their misunderstanding of themselves and life. Happiness is largely determined by the way of thinking. Therefore, our curriculum should pay attention to convey correct cognitive methods to them and encourage them to establish confidence in life. Teachers can choose some successful examples of special groups in the course content to encourage them. For example, Guanyin with a Thousand Hands, a dance art that touched the world and made the world admire, was performed by a group of deaf people. Anyone who has seen this program knows that it is actually very difficult, but it was performed seamlessly and beautifully by a group of deaf people. There are Shi Tiesheng, Zhang Haidi and Hawking. They are examples of physical disability and determination. Our course is to make students realize that they have the confidence and ability to pursue a happy life, realize that they have the idea of living a happy life, and finally live a happy life.
References:
1. History, Curriculum Theory? Basic principles and problems of curriculum [M], Education Science Press.
2. Liu Rude, Contemporary Educational Psychology [M]. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press, 2008.51
3. Chen Beiqin, Tan Xiu, Yong, "Evolution of Special Education Concept and Curriculum Development" [J], "Special Education in China"
The third part of special education graduation thesis
Chinese teaching in special education primary schools
Students in special education schools are different from other students. Therefore, in Chinese teaching, we should create conditions to guide students to study in a planned way. In the classroom, we should pay special attention to the special education students, cultivate their self-confidence and stimulate their enthusiasm for learning Chinese according to their different characteristics.
First of all, it puts forward Chinese teaching in special education schools.
The training of students receiving special education should meet the objectives of special education. According to the ability of special students, we should compile special educational Chinese textbooks and curriculum standards that meet the psychological and life needs of special students. When special freshmen enter school, the school should first test their Chinese ability and make a comprehensive evaluation of their Chinese level, including their written language ability and oral communication ability.
Second, try a pleasant teaching mode in special education schools.
1. Teachers in special education schools stimulate students' interest.
Teachers are a great profession, and it is every teacher's bounden duty to love students. Especially healthy children, should receive special care from teachers. Only when teachers sincerely dedicate themselves to students can they win the trust and love of students, establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students, and stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning Chinese. Children in some special schools are boarding students, and they need more care and help from teachers. Teachers also play the role of mothers for these children. Our teachers need to help these children in life, guide them to learn to deal with some specific problems, care for and respect these students, and let them feel the love of teachers. If students can feel deep love at school, they generally don't feel homesick, and especially like living on campus, which is conducive to helping these students build up their self-confidence in their study and life, maintain a happy mood, and improve their learning enthusiasm.
In addition to giving students the necessary care, teachers need to give students more care, encourage them to do what they can, give them more praise and encouragement, let students enhance their self-esteem and stimulate their desire for positive progress. For children with defects, we should not be too strict with them, let alone think that they are inferior. We need to have appropriate requirements for them, understand the situation of these students and treat students with different Chinese levels differently. If a teacher has no sense of responsibility for his profession and demands too much from these children with physical defects, it will seriously affect their enthusiasm for learning, make them lose confidence in their own learning and seriously affect the teaching effect of Chinese teaching.
2. Clever use of intuition teaching
Children with mental retardation have poor self-control. If they want to listen to the teacher all the time, they need the teacher to design some interesting games and intuitive teaching methods in class. There are many teaching forms of intuitive teaching method, which can stimulate mentally retarded children, create a relaxed and lively atmosphere for them, stimulate their interest in learning, improve their enthusiasm for learning and make them learn easily. Children with mental retardation are full of interest in Chinese, which is also conducive to improving teaching effect. When teaching, letting students contact with real objects can help students understand the content of the text, guide students to practice correctly, and then let students express their practice according to their own ideas and exercise their language expression ability.
Third, pay attention to the psychological reconstruction of mentally retarded students in Chinese learning.
1. Encourage students to ask more questions.
Students' learning is actually a kind of psychological reorganization, and the most critical step in a complete creative process is to be good at asking questions. Chinese teachers in special education schools should first cultivate students' ability to find and ask questions in the teaching process. Only by asking a good question can the problem be solved well, and asking a good question itself is of great value. In Chinese teaching, teachers should strive to create a relaxed atmosphere, let students dare to ask questions, be good at discovering themselves and expressing themselves in the process of constantly discovering problems, stimulate students' subjective initiative in learning, and realize the teaching objectives stipulated by special education.
2. Encourage students to speak more.
Cultivating students' oral ability is one of the important goals of special education schools. The process of students' speaking is actually to communicate their inner thoughts and emotions with the outside world in the form of language. The process of speaking is the process that mentally retarded students express their language on the basis of fully understanding the language, which can reflect the ability of mentally retarded students to use the language. There are some defects in the congenital brain of mentally retarded students, coupled with the lack of education, which leads to mental retardation children's slow thinking, slow response to external stimuli, slurred speech, unclear pronunciation and difficult language expression, which affects their language development. Therefore, our special education school should strengthen the training of students' speaking ability when teaching Chinese, and organize some activities for these children to give them more opportunities to speak. If we can effectively improve students' comprehensive Chinese ability, our Chinese teachers need to give children a chance to speak in the teaching process.
Chinese teachers should grasp the key points of teaching and explain some key words when teaching. When explaining these words, they can play some pictures so that students can grasp the meaning through the pictures. This will not only help to develop these children's thinking ability, but also help these children's language ability, so that students can experience the sense of self-creation in the study of texts, stimulate students to actively participate in classroom teaching, improve teaching effect, and let these children understand the content of articles more thoroughly.
Special education schools treat students through Chinese teaching. Ask and read? The cultivation of students' ability can establish a good psychological process of learning Chinese. Through these children's questions that they don't understand, teachers can patiently answer them, which can stimulate students' enthusiasm for independent learning and love learning, and help encourage them to set their own small learning goals. Reading is an important way to train students' ability to understand texts. It can help students understand what they have learned. It is said that students can apply what they have learned in class to their lives. Chinese teachers in our special education schools need to teach according to the learning ability of these children, so that these children can really gain something in their school study.
Four. conclusion
Education has a very important influence on children in special education schools. These children's language ability can be exercised by studying at school. In Chinese teaching, schools can stimulate students' interest in learning through intuitive teaching, let students experience the joy of harvest, improve the teaching effect of Chinese teaching, let these children gain something, and promote the development of special education in China.