As one of the three schools of traditional folk paper-cutting in China, Guangling paper-cutting is unique because of its vivid composition, vivid expression, exquisite knife cutting, exquisite materials, fine dyeing and exquisite packaging technology. It is known as "a unique skill of China folk art" and occupies an important position in Chinese paper-cutting. So what are the production techniques of Guangling paper-cutting? What are the artistic features of Guangling paper-cutting? The following article will introduce the artistic characteristics and production technology of Guangling paper-cutting. Let's have a look! Guangling County, located at the northern end of Taihang Mountain and the eastern foot of Hengshan Mountain, is the northeast gateway of Shanxi Province. As one of the three major schools of folk paper-cutting in China, Guangling paper-cutting has been circulated for more than 3,000 years and is deeply loved by the masses for its bright colors and vivid shapes. In 2008, Guangling paper-cut was listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list. In 2009, Shanxi Guangling paper-cut was jointly packaged with paper-cut projects listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list in Henan and Shaanxi. As a joint declaration project of Chinese paper-cutting, it has been approved by UNESCO and listed in the representative list of intangible cultural heritage of mankind.

First, artistic features

Guangling paper-cut has a profound cultural background, with knife carving as the main part, tailoring as the auxiliary part, combining female carving with male carving, exquisite knife work, alternating shades, contrasting cold and warm colors, distinctive artistic style, vivid imagination, expressive image, exquisite materials, fine dyeing and exquisite packaging, which is unique in the world paper-cut art gallery.

Guangling paper-cut paper-cut is a kind of color paper-cut made of rice paper and colored. Belonging to the North China School among the three major paper-cutting schools in China, it is the crowning touch of the North China School. In addition to freehand brushwork, symbolism, imagery, innovation and fashion, paper-cutting art also has its own uniqueness:

1. Although it is paper-cut, the making tool is a knife instead of scissors.

2, the manufacturing efficiency is high. Scissors can only cut one or several layers at a time, up to a dozen layers, while knives can cut dozens or dozens of layers at a time, up to about 80 layers.

3, free to use colors, you can adjust what color, dye what color. There are fifty or sixty colors, and a painting can use up to more than 30 colors, so color paper-cutting can achieve the dual effects of painting and paper-cutting.

4. The bright watercolor of wine can fully penetrate downward, and can achieve the dyeing purpose of dyeing from top to bottom.

5. When dyeing, the dark color can be above the light color or different color blocks can not interfere with each other, and the natural smoke dyeing effect can be achieved under the action of wine. However, in dyeing, intaglio lines naturally become the boundary of color interruption.

Guangling paper-cut is classified into 15 categories according to the theme and content, including zodiac, animals and plants, flowers, birds, insects and fish, facial makeup of ancient costume drama characters, folk myths and legends, folk art and dance, modern British model figures, natural scenery, tourist landscapes, places of interest and historical sites, working life scenes, etc., with more than 2,000 varieties. Guangling paper-cut is a fine work of art, with peony fragrance, plum blossom proudly blooming, bamboo standing upright, orchids elegant and fragrant, animals lifelike, human figures and gods both, mountains and rivers flowing naturally, natural scenery depicting, places of interest and historic interest organically coherent, etc. , supplemented by exquisite coloring and exquisite mounting, reached a high artistic level.

Guangling paper-cutting, the beauty lies in the exquisiteness of knife work. For example, every petal, leaf and stamen of peony flowers can be beautifully portrayed under the scissors of artists, and the combination of female engraving and male engraving can be called exquisite. Others are complemented by gold hooks, which look like gods. For example, a few paper-cuts of Guan Gong's map, the expressions of characters and horses are natural and vivid, reflecting the high expressive force and artistry. There is also a picture of a hundred tigers, which shows the shape of a hundred tigers in a positive way. The lines are smooth and natural, and the knives are quite kung fu, which constitutes the artistic conception of meticulous painting. Guangling paper-cutting broke through the general concept of folk paper-cutting and perfectly combined paper-cutting with painting skills; Moreover, the materials are exquisite, the colors are bright, the shades alternate, the cold and warm tones contrast, and the layers are distinct. Some of them combine and blend on the basis of realism, breaking through the traditional plane layer of Chinese paper-cutting, reflecting the three-dimensional effect, greatly expanding the performance space of paper-cutting art, and having high artistic appeal and appreciation. This is outstanding in the depiction of characters and scenery, which can be said to push the art of paper-cutting to a new height, showing the perfect combination of paper-cutting and painting art, and Guangling paper-cutting is also beautiful in the vivid atmosphere of composition. Generally speaking, it is not difficult to cut a small work, but it is very important to show a work completely in a five-foot, eight-foot or even ten-meter scroll. The intention is to cut the knife first, with perfect composition supplemented by knife cutting and exquisite coloring, so that the lines of the works are natural, dense and clear, vividly dyed and beautifully mounted, which reflects the extremely high three-dimensional artistry. For example, maps mainly engraved in intaglio show vivid expressive force and fine creation. These works are three-dimensional beautiful flowers, vivid characters and dynamic landscapes. They are perfect art, a perfect combination of Chinese painting, oil painting, meticulous painting and paper cutting. It can be said that "the magic knife carves thunder and lightning, and the clever pen points the clouds", which is unique. Guangling paper-cut carried forward the traditional culture, formed the cultural industry and created Guangling brand, which was listed in the United Nations representative list of intangible cultural heritage of mankind, reflecting the highest artistic taste, artistic realm, artistic style and artistic value.

Taste Guangling paper-cutting, appreciate not only paper-cutting, but also the successful practice of cultural setting up and economic singing. It is of great enlightening significance to enter the cultural field in the way of large market industry operation and build a brand to drive economic development.

Second, the production process

Guangling dyed paper-cut belongs to the category of "dyed paper engraving" in paper-cut. Pattern processing is mainly based on positive engraving, supplemented by negative engraving, with exquisite carving, realistic modeling and gorgeous colors. The formation of paper-cutting should go through the processes of design, sample selection, smoking or drying, carving, cutting and dyeing. The first step in carving is to draw a sketch. When drawing on white paper, connect the unconnected lines in the picture (such as eyes, nose, mouth and eyebrows of characters, and between characters and scenery) reasonably, and then draw the picture with ink pen to see the expected cutting effect first. After careful pruning in this way, the cut works will have better effects. If you are skilled in cutting and carving, you can also cut and carve directly on the drawing without drawing ink (but check the pencil single line into double lines). Step two, cut the paper and put it under the drawing, then fix it together with staples or paper twist needle and thread, and put it on the wax plate of the engraving table. When carving, you should start from the center of the painting, carve the details first, and then carve other places. For example, when carving figures, we should start from the facial features and clothing lines, gradually proceed outward, and finally cut off the outer edge. After cutting and carving, remove the fixed nails or lines, and slowly uncover the works one by one with tweezers. The lines shall be clear, bright, stretched and smooth, and burrs or gouges are not allowed. In the facial makeup of drama characters, the hundred whiskers are as thin as spider silk, which are evenly and continuously arranged, and there is a method of deep line penetration.

Color paper-cutting: Color paper-cutting is based on monochrome paper-cutting as the outline and various color papers as the backing. Generally choose black or monochrome paper-cutting, and then cover the reverse side of colored paper face down. Draw the outline of the required part on electro-optic colored paper (such as colored rice paper dyed with advertising color is preferred) with a pencil, and cut it out for later use. Then paste the colored paper block on the back of monochrome paper-cut according to the required position, and pay attention to neatness when pasting the colored paper.

Dyed paper-cutting: that is, color paper-cutting. Its method is to cut and carve with white paper with good water absorption (preferably raw rice paper), and then render with advertising color (this dyeing method can only dye one piece at a time).

Guangling paper-cut supplies are colored paper-cut dyed with white wine, which changes the original red, blue and yellow monochrome paper-cut and forms a unique local folk art. The advantage of coloring articles with a little alcohol is that more than a dozen pieces can be dyed at a time, and it only permeates the lower level, not around. After one color is dried, it is dyed with another color to avoid cross-color. After years of exploration, folk craftsmen add pigment to cooking wine and dark color to alum, so that the color of window grilles can be preserved for a long time, and a small amount of rock sugar is added to the lighter color, which increases the brightness of the color.

Three. Historical inheritance

Guangling paper-cutting has a long history, and its roots can be traced back to Zhou Chengwang, where tung leaves were cut into seals. Zhou Chengwang cut tung leaves into a "reed" shape and gave them to his younger brother Yu Shu, who was named the Tang King. This kind of tung leaf "Gui" is the earliest paper-cut product on the land of Sanjin, with a history of more than 3,000 years. According to experts' research, the prototype of Guangling paper-cut can be traced back to the early Tang Dynasty. "Carving gold to capture customs, cutting ribbons to promote the wind" is exactly the true portrayal of Guangling paper-cutting by Li Shangyin, a poet at that time. Formed in the Ming Dynasty, its unique style matured in the Qing Dynasty, and it has become the epitome of Shanxi paper-cutting.

Guangling paper-cutting, commonly known as window grilles, evolved from traditional embroidery techniques. In Guangling countryside, almost everyone can cut window grilles. When busy with crops, once I have leisure, I will dance with scissors and cut out the paper-cut works that have been formed in my heart. Over the years, when local people painted their houses and pasted new paper with window grilles during the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Spring Festival, many people cut window grilles to decorate their windows to express their yearning for a better life. Although Guangling's paper-cutting is well-known, she is still like a nun who is "hidden in the boudoir" and can't walk out of the curtains to show her unique artistic charm. Before 2006, only two workshop-style paper-cutting enterprises, Zhang Duotang and Gao Qinghong, struggled to maintain the survival and inheritance of Guangling paper-cutting. Guangling paper-cut is difficult to inherit and develop, and is in danger of being lost.

In 2006, Guangling County Party Committee and government incorporated the paper-cut industry into the county's cultural construction plan and the 11th Five-Year Plan, and took effective measures to increase the excavation, protection and inheritance of paper-cut art, making Guangling paper-cut a folk art treasure.

Zhang Duotang, the fourth generation descendant of Guangling paper-cutting founding family, took on the heavy responsibility. He led the establishment of Guangling Paper-cut Culture and Art Development Co., Ltd., and built the only paper-cut national intangible cultural heritage industrial park in China-China Guangling Paper-cut Culture Industrial Park and the first paper-cut art museum in China. Guangling paper-cut has gradually formed a complete cultural industry chain from research and development, production, packaging, training, observation and sales. This has built a platform for Guangling paper-cutting to go out of Shanxi and go to the world.

Aiming at the shortage of paper-cutting talents, Guangling County established the first paper-cutting training school in China-Datong Guangling Paper-cutting Vocational and Technical School, which effectively solved the problem of artists' ignorance. And introduced a series of preferential policies to encourage and support the majority of young people to actively participate in the paper-cutting cause. Guangling paper-cutting training class has trained more than 700 students, laying a talent foundation for the inheritance and development of Guangling paper-cutting art.

With the establishment and growth of paper-cutting art companies such as Qinghong Paper-cutting Company and Hua Hui Art Development Company, Guangling Paper-cutting has gradually formed a new pattern of cultural industry, including product research and development, production, exhibition, personnel training, paper-cutting art museum and paper-cutting cultural experience park. Driven by the business model of "company+base+farmers", there are10.48 million farmers in Guangling County, and more than 2,500 farmers are engaged in the paper-cutting industry, with an average household income of more than 8,000 yuan. In 2009, the sales revenue of paper-cutting in Guangling County reached 35 million yuan, accounting for 3% of the county's GDP.

In June 2006, "Guangling Paper-cut" became a registered trademark, and the development of Guangling Paper-cut industry had an umbrella. Good wine fears the deep alley. In order to make Guangling paper-cut go out of the house and have greater influence, Guangling paper-cut has participated in China (Shenzhen) International Cultural Industry Expo, Shanxi (Shanghai) Economic Cooperation Project Promotion Conference, Shanxi (Hong Kong) Investment Fair, Shanxi Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Achievements Exhibition and other large-scale exhibitions, and has carried out extensive folk cultural exchanges with Germany, the United States, Japan, South Korea, the United Arab Emirates and other countries. At the same time, Guangling County, CCTV Travel Channel and Shanxi Satellite TV respectively produced programs such as Guangling Paper-cut and Guangling Paper-cut Cultural Industrial Park, created the website of "China Guangling Paper-cut Art" and registered the mobile phone domain name network, which greatly improved the popularity of Guangling Paper-cut.

In 2007, the third China Datong Guangling International Paper-cut Art Exhibition was successfully held, which made Guangling paper-cut famous at home and abroad, and its brand effect was prominent. Guangling County was awarded the title of "International Hometown of Paper-cutting Art" by the Eastern and Western Artists Association.

In 20 10, Guangling paper-cut finally appeared at the Shanghai World Expo. Through exhibitions, performances and exhibitions, people all over the world appreciate the artistic charm of Guangling paper-cutting. Yan Chongnian, a famous scholar, wrote "Guangling paper-cutting, glory the world" after seeing Guangling paper-cutting. Art lies in innovation, and art without innovation is lifeless. Guangling paper-cutting advances in innovation and exploration. The modern new realistic multi-layer paper-cut developed by Hua Hui Folk Culture and Art Development Co., Ltd. in Guangling County combines various art forms and greatly expands the expression space of paper-cut art. This innovative form has won the national intellectual property patent. The company's carefully designed and produced paper-cut portrait of US President Barack Obama has been highly recognized by Obama. Guangling's collection of paper-cut works "Eight Cultural Brands in Shanxi" won the highest prize-special prize in the 5th International Paper-cut Art Festival.

Guangling paper-cut is based on the market demand and constantly innovates, and its varieties, styles and specifications have expanded from dozens to thousands. The content has also developed from posting decorations to fashion handicrafts, tourist souvenirs, paper-cut painting scrolls and other artistic treasures and national gifts with ornamental, collection and practical value. In 2009, Guangling Paper-cut signed a supply and marketing agreement of 8 million yuan with Hong Kong Yuhua International Trade Co., Ltd.; At the 6th China International Cultural Industry Expo on 20 10, Guangling Paper-cut signed an order contract of 3.2 million yuan with Hong Kong Yuhua International Trade Co., Ltd. and Beijing Axlon Cultural Development Co., Ltd., and also signed letters of intent for cooperation with six gift companies. Guangling paper-cut has been exported to more than ten countries and regions such as Japan, Singapore, Italy, Britain, Germany and the United States.

Relying on Guangling paper-cutting, the construction project of Guangling Modern Paper-cutting R&D Center was listed as a national key promotion project by China Paper-cutting Art Committee, Guangling Paper-cutting Cultural Industrial Park was listed as one of the eight top-quality projects in Datong and a key industrial base construction project in the 11th Five-Year Plan, and Guangling Paper-cutting Project was listed as a key export project of China cultural industry in 20 10.

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