1, in the north of China
There are abundant wild hazelnuts in the distribution area. According to incomplete statistics, in 1950s, there was hazelnut forest 166.7 mu in the northeast with an annual output of 2500 10000 kg, which sold well at home and abroad. However, due to lack of management, small nuts and poor quality, the development of wild hazelnuts is slow.
In foreign countries, western Asia, Europe, Mediterranean, North America, Europe and other countries, hazelnut has been cultivated for more than 700 years, with a wide variety, which is one of the four major international trade markets for dried fruits.
The cultivation of hazel trees is the development of industry. Since the early 1970s, varieties planted by Liaoning European Hazelnut Forest Research Institute have been introduced. Through the cultivation of new varieties, seedlings suitable for planting have been domesticated, and the original parts produced by hybridization with our hazelnut have been cultivated, which are cold-resistant, high-yielding, and hybridized with new varieties with large fruits. These varieties (lines) are suitable for the Yellow River basin south of 36 north latitude. The Yangtze River has a similar climate and cultivated land, and has made greater development in recent years.
2 cultivated land awareness
Hazelnut is a kind of tree with wide uses and high economic value. According to the analysis, hazelnut contains 5 1.4% 66.4% fat, 6.6% protein carbohydrate, 2.8% 5.8% moisture and 17.32% 25.92% multivitamins and minerals. Vitamins C, VE, VB and other hazelnuts dissolved in hazelnut oil can be eaten raw or fried, which is not only delicious, but also high in calories. Hazelnut is a high-quality raw material for chocolate, candy, cake and other processed foods in the food industry. The edible oil extracted from hazelnut is used as raw material and various industrial oils, and its oil content is about 54%, which is 2 to 3 times that of soybean. Hazelnut returns medicine. Diet can be used for animal feed or fertilizer, as well as activated carbon made from raw shells. Bark contains tannins and fruit buds (8.5% 14.5%), which can be used to make tanning materials, and hazelnut leaves can be used to raise silkworms. You can use wooden crutches and umbrellas.
3 Planting characteristics
Hazelnut flowers are monoecious, that is, unisexual flowers, which bloom first and then leave. Male catkin, born in the axils of new leaves, slightly inflorescence between females, born on the upper limit or stimulating terminal branches a year ago, pollinated with the wind. Therefore, in hazel orchards, because the pollination tree structure of the same or similar flower varieties is established, three suitable varieties are usually adopted, which is in direct proportion to 56 identical orchards: 1.
Different kinds of hazelnuts have different requirements for temperature. European hazelnut likes warm and humid climate. The suitable average temperature is 13 15℃, and the absolute minimum is-10℃, 38℃, and the extreme high temperature area. Pingou is more hardy than Corylus heterophylla, and is suitable for cultivation in areas where the annual average temperature is 7.5 13℃ and the lowest temperature can reach -30℃. Hazelnut is a light-loving plant, which usually needs 2 100 hours of sunshine for several years, otherwise it will form flower buds and the yield will be low. Hazelnut likes fertile sandy loam and grows well, especially in the soil with high requirements for hybridization between Europe and China, dry sand, clay, swamp, saline-alkali land and low-lying places, and hazelnut orchards have not been established. European hazelnuts with soil pH of 6.5 to 7.5 and 5.57 are needed for flat-European hybridization.
Hazelnut branches take root easily, and roots and buds sprout easily. Therefore, layering or grafting is usually used to cultivate strong seedlings. Using early spring layering, June layering and new shoots as raw materials. Grafting, multi-stage hazelnut seedlings as rootstock.
Hazelnut is easily broken, and the rate of fruit and empty shell is high. The main preventive measures are: ① when the mother tree is well sown; When artificial pollination is used to supplement the distribution of pollination in arboretum; ③ Strengthen adequate nutrition management.