Flood disasters often occur in river basins, which will have a great impact on people's lives and work. Therefore, it is very necessary to strengthen the work of river dikes. In recent years, China's economy and society have developed greatly, and river basins have gradually become an important management object for regional ecological protection and beautiful environment. Now, people's awareness of environmental protection has improved, and the requirements for river banks are higher. Therefore, watershed management has become the focus of river management. Strengthening the management of river basin dikes has put forward higher requirements for local management ability, and at the same time, it is also to ensure that people's normal life will not be affected. There are many problems in watershed management. Analyzing these problems and taking necessary measures can better improve the level of dike work and ensure that dikes make greater contributions to urban development in the process of development.
1 Main contents of river embankment management in river basin
The main content of dike work in river basin is to ensure the integrity and safety of dike. Therefore, reasonable planning should be carried out according to the specific characteristics of the basin and the scope should be determined at the same time. Unified management can be implemented for river dikes, abandoned dikes and dams that have been treated. Therefore, the river embankment management department should be prepared for unified management. In the process of management, the situation of units and individuals occupying rivers should be dealt with. Within the safety range of the dike body and dike, caves or channels shall not be built, and production and living activities shall not be carried out to ensure the integrity and safety of the dike. In the construction of water conservancy projects, it is often necessary to carry out breakwater construction. Before construction, it is necessary to obtain the permission of the relevant dike management department, and the construction can only be carried out after the approval of the relevant superior water conservancy department. During the construction, the time and quality of construction should be well controlled, and the repair work should be carried out after the construction to ensure the construction effect.
River embankment management departments should do routine inspection, regular inspection and special inspection in their daily work. In the daily inspection, it is necessary for the professional management department to designate a special person to inspect the dangerous section of the dike and the changed area during the construction. The inspection only needs to check whether the dam moves, whether the cornerstone is lost, and whether the dam body has landslides, cracks, pests and diseases. During the inspection, it is necessary to solve the loss of trees in the berm. In the regular inspection work, we should pay regular attention to the situation of dike projects and supporting facilities in flood season or river flood season to ensure the safety of dikes. Regular inspections are mainly carried out in the process of catastrophic floods, rainstorms, earthquakes and engineering construction, so as to find problems in time and then take measures to solve them.
2. The main problems existing in the management of river embankments in river basins
2. 1 The standard of dike construction is low, and the flood control ability is poor.
The most important problem of dike management in different river basins is that different flood control dike sections have different standards in construction. Over the years, the standards of flood control planning and design have varied greatly. Many bridges and culverts can't resist the impact of floods during construction. In many township areas, there are some problems in dike construction, such as poor infrastructure, low disaster resistance of water conservancy projects and weak flood control system. The emergence of these dike projects, to a certain extent, can not adapt to the national economic construction, therefore, hindered the development of society.
2.2 Soil erosion is widespread, with siltation of river channels and elevation of river beds.
Human life and production activities have a great influence on the basin, and the main problem is that soil erosion is very serious. In the middle and upper reaches of the river basin, trees have been seriously damaged and vegetation has been greatly affected. Therefore, the decline of soil and water conservation capacity leads to the imagination space of basin siltation. In recent years, cities in China have developed rapidly. In the process of rapid development, there are more and more highway and water conservancy projects. As a result, a large amount of construction waste is dumped into the river, which leads to serious river blockage and silt, and the river bed also rises, which poses a great threat to the urban flood control safety belt.
2.3 indiscriminate exploitation of river sand and gravel, undermining the stability of river regime.
With the continuous development of the city, the demand for sand and gravel is increasing, and there are problems in the management of river embankments, which leads to a large number of sand mining vessels entering the river, and the phenomenon of indiscriminate excavation is serious, which has caused great damage to the river. In many rivers, there are problems of dike landslide and collapse, which have great influence on the safety of dikes. When the river regime is affected in the river, the normal flow pattern of the river will be greatly affected and the flood control ability of the river will be reduced.
2.4 River siltation is serious, and the flood discharge capacity decreases.
In the management of river dikes, the work situation is rather chaotic. In particular, the number of obstacles in rivers has increased. There are many buildings occupying the river, usually bridges or houses, which have caused great problems to the management of the river, resulting in serious silt in the river and limiting the flood control ability of the river.
3. Strengthen the management strategy of river dikes in river basins.
3. 1 Strengthen daily operation management to ensure the safe operation of dike project.
Regularly inspect and patrol river embankments and buildings crossing embankments, and inspect relevant buildings at any time. On this basis, collect and sort out relevant safety data, and finally form the file contents of relevant documents, flood control, finance and dangerous sections. In addition, we should do a good job in engineering survey records, flood control duty, gate opening and closing, dike equipment maintenance and so on. Relevant technical personnel should also be familiar with the construction situation, timely and reasonably dispatch construction materials in flood season, and finally form a scientific and reasonable dike emergency construction plan.
3.2 Create and promote development and form a long-term management mechanism.
The goal-oriented watershed creation not only reflects the struggle process of the river embankment management department, but also reflects the whole process of local management reform and development. The use of this platform not only provides impetus for improving the level of dike management, but also clarifies the development direction of dike management. Long-term standardized management is the core of the creation work. In the process of forming a long-term management mechanism, it is necessary to improve the management system, learn relevant norms and improve the execution of relevant norms, which is the basis of the creation work.
3.3 Do a good job in embankment greening and strengthen the self-protection ability of river embankment work.
River regulation should combine the determination of greening work with the planting of water and soil resources plants according to its own actual situation. At the same time, combined with the specific situation of river basin economic development, a reasonable management model is adopted. According to the goal of greening, the blank area of the target area will be eliminated by stages and segments, and the aged trees will be updated in time. The tree species will be selected according to different tree segments, and the combination of shelter forest and economic forest will be adopted to make the dike management on the road of self-sufficiency and self-management. At the same time, it is also an important way to supplement local governance by adopting diversified management, synchronous development of water and soil resources and contracting to households. Finally, the self-protection ability of river dikes will be formed and the self-defense system of dikes will be improved.
3.4 Improve the examination and approval system of local project construction management.
Form a reasonable examination and approval level. Large, medium and small projects for river embankment construction should be divided into three categories: major impact, major impact and secondary impact according to their impact on river flood control capacity; According to the construction time, construction projects are divided into permanent projects, long-term projects and temporary projects. The management of river engineering construction projects should simplify the meaning of examination and approval procedures and improve the efficiency of examination and approval according to the reality of river construction project management and its influence on flood control capacity and construction scale.
4 conclusion
Watershed has a great influence on people's production and life. Cities depend on river basins in their development. Therefore, it is very necessary to manage the river basin. With the continuous development of economy and society, market factors have more and more influence on river embankment management. Therefore, a professional team can be set up in management, and its work should focus on watershed management to improve management level and promote the development of economic design.
Second, the supervision basis:
1, approved safety supervision plan
2. Standards, specifications, procedures, design documents and technical data related to professional engineering.
3, construction elevator special construction scheme
4, the "Regulations on the administration of production safety of construction projects" the State Council No.393rd order.
5. Construction Safety Supervision Regulation of Building Engineering DG/TJ08-2035-2008
6. Technical Specification for Safe Use of Construction Machinery JGJGJ33-200 1
7, the building construction safety inspection standard JGJ59-99
8, building elevator safety regulations (GB 10055-2007)
9. Notice of the Ministry of Construction on Printing and Distributing the Measures for the Preparation of Special Construction Scheme for Safety of Dangerous Projects and the Examination of Experts' Demonstration. 2 13 [2004].
10, the current policies, regulations and provisions of the state and this Municipality on the safety supervision of construction projects.
1 1, relevant mandatory standards, technical specifications for safe use of construction machinery (JGJ33-200 1), 2.0. 1, 2.0.5, 2.0.8, 2.0.9, 4./kloc.
Three, professional engineering characteristics and workflow
(A) Construction elevator foundation treatment
This project should be limited by the site or construction needs. If a few construction elevators are installed on the basement roof, reinforcement measures must be taken and submitted to the design review and approval.
(2) Supervision workflow
Supervision of elevator installation preparation stage-visa equipment installation application materials, familiar with effective equipment certification documents and specifications-document supervision. Supervision of electrical equipment installation stage of construction elevator-check the initial registration and installation notice of construction elevator-patrol supervision and witness point supervision. Supervision in the debugging stage of construction elevator-initial inspection, use registration-examination of visa elevator debugging scheme, on-site inspection-patrol supervision and witness point supervision.
Supervision in the stage of installation quality evaluation and acceptance-sign the self-inspection data of the constructors at all levels, and issue the information of equipment quality inspection and acceptance procedures.
Four, supervision work control points:
Review relevant information
1, review the qualification and qualification (lease and loan) of the construction elevator subcontractors.
2, review the safety agreement signed by the general contractor and the construction elevator subcontractor.
3. Supervise the construction unit to establish and improve the safety production system on the construction site, and supervise the construction contractor to check the safety production system of each subcontractor.
4. Review the construction organization plan, special safety technical measures, elevator safety construction and emergency rescue plan prepared by the contractor.
5, urge the construction contractor to do a good job of safety disclosure step by step.
(two) the construction elevator installation and removal safety supervision work rules:
1, the installation and removal of the construction elevator must be carried out by qualified units and personnel.
2. Before each installation or dismantling operation, the safety supervisor shall urge the construction unit to make detailed safety technical disclosure to the operators according to different types of work and work contents.
3. Before the installation of the construction elevator, do a good job in the initial registration, installation notification, initial detection, use registration, maximum height detection and other information and procedures before the installation. The technical data and safety data of passenger and freight elevators on the construction site must be complete. The safety supervisor shall urge the construction unit to check whether the metal structure such as guide rail frame and hanging cage, gear of transmission system, speed limiter and other safety devices are complete and reliable.
(3) Check the preparation work before installation of the construction elevator.
1, there must be enough power supply at the installation site, and the elevator power box must be equipped. Each cage shall be controlled by a switch, and the current of power fuse shall not be less than 150A.
2. The special power box on site is directly powered by the on-site transformer room, and the distance is no more than 30m. Generally, each suspension cage is connected with copper wire cable larger than 25mm2×3+ 10mm2×2. If the distance is too long, the cross-sectional area of the cable should be appropriately increased.
3, should have appropriate overweight equipment and installation tools.
4. There should be roads and venues for transporting and stacking elevator parts.
5. According to the installation requirements, prepare platform accessories, such as bridge deck and safety railings.
five
6, each construction elevator installation shall not be less than 5 people, including 1 electrician, installer 4 people.
(4) Specific installation steps:
1. Clean the basic surface.
2. Use lifting equipment to lift the lifting point on the cage.
3. The elevator rises and falls in place.
4. Install the anchor bolts.
5. Measure the verticality of the guide rail frame with a level or a line drop to ensure that the verticality of each vertical plate of the guide rail frame in two adjacent directions is less than11500.
6. Insert adjusting steel plates with different thicknesses between the anchor bolts, chassis and foundation to adjust the verticality of the guide rail frame.
7. When the guide rail frame is adjusted to be vertical, press down the four anchor bolts with a torque of 350N.m
8. Adjust the verticality of the outer cage door frame in the same way, so that the verticality of the outer cage door frame is less than11000 in two directions.
9. After installing the left half according to the above method, connect the right half of the outer cage with bolts.
10, adjust the verticality of the outer cage door frame, and press the anchor bolt.
1 1. Release the brake of the motor in the cage. The method is as follows: First, remove two cotter pins, and mark the opening of the nut before removing them.
Easy to reset, and then tighten the two nuts, make sure that the two nuts rotate down in parallel until the brake is released and the brake turntable can be moved at will.
12. Lift the cage with lifting equipment.
13. Accurately position the hanging cage from above the standard section.
Reset the brake.
(5) Construction elevator installation technical measures
1, in order to ensure the safety of the elevator installation process, we must first make a good plan, and the operating team will be trained to obtain the safety qualification certificate before installation.
After acceptance by the competent department; At the same time, there should be a special person under unified command during installation, and be familiar with drawings, installation procedures and inspection points. Matters needing attention in the installation process are as follows:
A) After installing two upright posts, adjust the verticality in two directions and put the ladder cage in place.
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