Extended data
Shandong, named after living at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, is the capital of Jinan. Before Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Qi and Lu, so it was renamed Qilu.
Shandong is located in the east China coast, the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the north-central part of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is the northernmost province in East China. It borders the Huanghuaihai Plain in the west, the Central Plains, Hebei Province in the northwest, Henan Province in the southwest, and Anhui and Jiangsu provinces in the south and southeast respectively. The central part is the Luzhong Mountain area, with high terrain, and Mount Tai is the highest point in the whole territory; It borders Shandong Peninsula in the east, stretches into the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, faces Liaodong Peninsula across the Bohai Strait in the north, guards Gyeonggi, faces the Korean Peninsula across the Yellow Sea in the east, faces the Yellow Sea in the southeast, and overlooks the East China Sea and the islands in southern Japan.
Shandong is the birthplace of Confucian culture. The founders of Confucianism were Confucius in Qufu, Mencius in Zoucheng, Mozi in Tengzhou and the grandson of a military strategist, all of whom were born in Shandong today. Jiang Taigong established the State of Qi in Linzi, bringing up a large number of celebrities such as Qi Huangong, Guan Zhong, Yan Ying, Bao, Sun Wu, Sun Bin and Zou Yan. Qi also founded the University, which is the first government-run and private institution of higher learning in the world.
Qilu culture has made great contributions to the formation and development of China culture. Confucius, who was born in Qufu, Ludu, created Confucianism here and became the cornerstone of China's social framework and values. Chiyou (one of the ancestors of China) and Confucius and Mencius are outstanding representatives of Qilu's contribution to Chinese civilization in many aspects.
There are many other smaller vassal states in Shandong Province, only 55 of which can be found in Zuozhuan. Among them, Lai, Ju, Zou, Teng, Cao and other countries all had great territory and power, and were later annexed by Qi and Lu. During the Warring States Period, Qi became one of the Seven Heroes. Today, most of Shandong is owned by Qi and Lu. By 22 1 year BC, Qi became the last vassal state annexed by Qin.
Shandong, known as "thousands of miles away", developed agriculture and handicrafts in the early stage, and was the economic center of China during the Qin and Han Dynasties. Shandong's grain is continuously traced back to the west along the Yellow River and supplied to Guanzhong. It is an important source of the "Silk Road" in Han Dynasty. Linzi, Dingtao and Kangfu are the three major textile centers in China. Since then, a large number of exquisite textiles have been exported to the western regions.
The Qin Dynasty was divided into 36 counties, including Qixian, Dongxian, Xuexian and Langxie counties in Shandong Province.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided the world into thirteen states, including Qingzhou in the north and Xuzhou and Yanzhou in Shandong in the south. To the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei and Western Jin Dynasty.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, wars were frequent and the economy was destroyed. Liu Songshi, Jia Jizhou, was in charge of Licheng. Later, he entered the Northern Wei Dynasty and changed Jizhou to Jizhou. The demise of the Northern Wei Dynasty belonged to the Northern Qi Dynasty and was soon merged by the Northern Zhou Dynasty.
Shandong resumed development. At that time, it mainly belonged to Henan Road (Henan Road to the south of Hejian and Hebei Road to the north). During the reign of Kaiyuan Tianbao, millions of stone millet were transported to Guanzhong every year, but the prices in Qingdao and Qi were still far lower than those in other parts of China. Embroidered silk in Yanzhou in Tang Dynasty and embroidered silk in Qingzhou are well-known fine fabrics in China. In the late Tang Dynasty, the war broke out again.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia/Shandong