Taekwondo is called "military art" in some western countries.
Literally, Taekwondo is: Taekwondo-which means kicking and kicking with your feet like a storm. Boxing-is to use boxing to attack and defend. Tao is a method, an art, a spiritual and cultural accomplishment, and a guidance of personality. It can be said that Taekwondo is an artistic method with both fists and feet, and it is called "the art of feet" because it is dominated by feet (70%). Its characteristics are swift, powerful, accurate, flexible and amazing. There are 25 kinds of moves (routines) in Taekwondo, in addition to more than ten kinds of basic kungfu such as weapons, capture, locking and self-defense. Practitioners wear special white Taekwondo clothes, and the waist system represents belts of different grades and segments, which are used for competition or training. Taekwondo requires that all exercises begin with ceremony and end with ceremony. In a word, Taekwondo is a martial art that protects the body with bare hands and feet, applies jumping, kicking, stabbing, blocking and dodging to the target of the activity quickly and appropriately, and gives the greatest blow to the technique and spiritual cultivation. Indeed, Taekwondo enables people with congenital weakness to have the strength and self-confidence to defeat strong enemies after scientific exercise. But if used improperly, it is tantamount to using a murder weapon. Therefore, we must always emphasize spiritual education and not abuse it.
Taekwondo, formerly known as "Hand Playing Play", "Tang Hand Way" and "Taekwondo Heel", first appeared in Silla 500 years ago. King Silla recruited patriotic youths to form a people's army to resist foreign forces. Their martial arts were called "Hua Dao Lang", which was later baptized and tempered for thousands of years. 19 10, 1966 After Japan invaded the Korean Peninsula, the International Taekwondo Federation (I.T.F) was established, with Cui Hongxi as the first chairman. 1973 In May, the World Taekwondo Federation was established, and Un-yong Kim was elected as its president.
As a modern competitive sport, 1988, 1992 and 1996 were included in the Olympic performances three times, and now it has become an official event of the 2000 Olympic Games, winning eight gold medals (four for men and four for women). At the same time, it is also the official event of a series of major international events, such as Olympic Games, military world games, Universiade, Asian Games, Pan-American Games, All-Africa Games, China National Games and China City Games.
Taekwondo training is divided into three stages. The primary stage is divided into nine levels. Beginners must be trained for a period of time before they can be promoted by passing the exam. Taekwondo is level 9-leucorrhea, level 8-yellow belt, level 7-yellow belt, level 6-green belt, level 5-green and blue belt, level 4-blue belt, level 3-blue and red belt, level 2-red belt, 1 level-red and black belt.
Taekwondo is divided into eight heavyweights for men and eight gold medals for women in the world championships. The competition will be played on the mat of 12m* 12m. Each game will be played in three or two innings, with a three-minute break between innings. Athletes will wear helmets, chest protectors, leg protectors and other special protective equipment, which will be scored by electronic or linesman. Because Taekwondo takes the leg as the main attack means, it fully shows the fierce confrontation of the human body and improves the difficulty of the athletes' hitting, so the competition atmosphere is tense and intense, and the difficult movements are brilliant, which is very ornamental.
"Karate is a dynamic Zen that skillfully uses fists to explore the principle of winning and losing, thus surpassing the winning and losing situation. It is also a Zen way to hone one's spirit, physique and skills and explore truth, goodness and beauty. Through persistent exercise and strict and hard competition, we can master advanced physical protection skills, cultivate strong physique and sound spirit, and practice hard with confidence and courage, thus making positive contributions to justice, peace and development of human society. This is the explanation of karate by Japanese karate experts.
Karate contains the value of fighting, fitness and personality cultivation. The original motivation of karate practitioners may be different, but karate itself is a technical system of unarmed combat, and fitness and personality cultivation are all completed by honing this technical system. In this case, is it suspected of grandstanding to prefix karate with the word "Da"? Don't! Compared with traditional karate, which takes the pattern (routine) as the main body of practice and opposes "stopping one inch first" (that is, stopping one inch before hitting the opponent), this book introduces readers to another technical system of karate.
Fighting karate absorbs the simple hitting and defending techniques in traditional karate, and forms a training system around simple and effective technical application, without practicing routines or mastering fighting techniques. In the confrontation competition, the outstanding feature of fighting karate is the direct hit system. There are direct hits with protective gear and direct hits without protective gear. Kicking is the main technique, and some schools can also use fast wrestling. It is very similar to the domestic Sanda competition now. But you can hit the elbow, the top of the knee, and hit the effect hard. Compared with our country, if you play your opponent clearly in Sanshou, you will get points. They have to knock each other to the ground or lose their defensive consciousness to be "effective".
The development of fighting karate once again shows the excellent wisdom of the Japanese nation, which is good at learning from each other's strengths. On the basis of maintaining the traditional karate etiquette, spirit and basic skills, they absorbed various advantages of unarmed boxing. They fought side by side with Muay Thai players and sent outstanding players to Thailand for training; They absorbed the characteristics of boxing training system and reformed the traditional training methods. They communicate with Korean Taekwondo and learn useful nutrients. They promote karate in Europe and America and absorb the fresh blood of those free and unrestrained national boxing; Some traditional techniques of China, such as lying on the ground to amputate legs, scratching the back and hitting the chest, also appeared repeatedly in their competitions. They attach importance to absorbing modern sports training methods and developing athletes' physical quality in an all-round way. This kind of karate instruction has been described by some competitions in Japanese martial arts as "inferior goods with no tradition and no thoughts and wearing karate clothes", but many Japanese youths believe that in order to learn self-defense fighting, they must learn "fighting karate".
In Japan, fighting karate is also called "actual combat karate", "fighting karate", "extreme karate" and "hard karate".
Introduction of karate school
There are countless major schools in Japan, such as rigid-flexible stream, Xie Dongliu, Songtao Pavilion stream, harmonious stream, Shinto natural stream and Shaolin Temple stream.
The origin and system of these schools can be roughly divided into three schools: the ceremonial hand, the Naha hand and the Bo hand. These three systems are always called "Okinawans" or "Ryukyu Boxing", but the matrix of Ryukyu Boxing is China Boxing.
Rigid-flexible flow
Martial artist Dong Enna went to Fuzhou, China to study martial arts at the age of 22 (1874). Returning to Okinawa at the age of 37, professor. The martial arts he taught was honored as "Na Ba Hand"; After "Na Ba Shou" was spread to his first disciple, Miyagi Changshun, it was officially renamed as Rigid and Soft Flow on 1930, and he was also honored as the ancestor of Rigid and Soft Flow.
Miyagi Changshun, the founder of Gang Rouliu, was born in Ryukyu Prefecture in the 21st year of Meiji (1888). At the age of fourteen, he joined the famous Na Ba player Dong Enna. At the age of eighteen, he went to Fujian Province to study ancient boxing in China for two years. After returning to China, he systematized Tang's unique techniques. Before the Wushu Festival in the tenth year of Showa (1935), the school was called "Rigid and Soft Flow". At present, the more active schools are Rigid-Flexible Club, Rigid-Flexible Pavilion, Rigid-Flexible Alliance, Orthodox Club and Ryukyu Rigid-Flexible Flow.
Shangdiliu
Shangdiliu is based on China Boxing which was introduced to Japan in Taisho era. Liu Qi in Shangdi originated from Shangdi (1877~ 1948), and basically inherited China Nanpai Boxing. Shangdi Wan Wen also went to China several times to study martial arts.
Kudongliu
Dongliu Department was founded by Mo Wen Renxian, his two teachers Zhou Anheng's Xiaolinliu (first-hand) and Dongyongna's combination of rigidity and flexibility (first-hand). It was named "Dongliu Department" with the first word as its name and combining the advantages of the two schools. Mo Wen Ren Xian River (1890~ 1952) is the founder.
Songtaoliu
Songtaoge, a school directly under Funakoshi Gichin, was the first hero who introduced Okinawa's empty-handed teacher to Japanese mainland. Funakoshi Gichin, the founder of Songtao Pavilion, inherited the mantle of "Bu" Zhou Anheng, and established the prototype of Songtao Pavilion empty-handed. Renxian and He often communicate with Sichuan and Guangdong, so they are similar to those used by Songtao. Sichuan and Vietnam also renamed the Tang hand empty-handed, and brought the ribbon system of judo into karate.
Liu Shinto natural pity his way
Shinto's peaceful flow and natural flow are two new schools combined on the basis of ancient flow jujitsu. Its founders Otsuka Ji Bo (He Daoliu) and Xiaoxi Liangzhu (Shinto Natural Flow) are still alive.
He Daoliu was created by Otsuka Ji Bo. Ji Bo Otsuka (1892~ 1982) was a master of jujitsu in A Jiu before joining Songtao Museum. In order to add actual combat to the course of Songtao Museum, he almost turned against the ship. Later, he combined jujitsu with karate and created his own six-way.
Extreme truth school
Extreme Reality Club was founded by Dashan Peking University (1923~ 1994). Dashan was originally a Korean, and moved to Japan during the Japanese occupation. After studying Songtao at Waseda University, he founded the Extreme Reality Club, which focuses on actual combat.
Karate history
At present, more than 5 million people practice karate in the world.
Karate originated in China, and became a modern karate hundreds of years later in the land of Ryukyu, and was widely spread under the promotion of many famous teachers. Today, karate is not only one of Japanese martial arts, but also an international martial arts that attracts worldwide attention, and its organization is quite unified.
Karate era (1400 ~ 1800)
The development of karate was 1400 years ago when Master Dharma taught monks in Shaolin Temple. 1392, there were 36 people living in Ryukyu in China, especially in the era of the unification of Okinawa and the Upper Eight Branches. Because of the policy of banning weapons, the Tang hand appeared to replace the development of weapons.
The Secret Age of Karate (1800 ~ 1900)
From such a secret era to the Meiji era, many celebrities returned empty-handed. Such as Kobayashi Liuji, Matsumura Zongxiu, Zhou Anheng, An Anheng, Zhao and Dong Enna's generosity. (Song Liu), Miyagi Changshun (Rigid Liu), Ren Xian River (Dongliu), etc.
Open era of karate (1900 ~ 1920)
Entering the twentieth century, entering the open era, ending the era of empty-handed secrecy. In 190 1 Okinawa, because it is better than physical education class, it is used in regular classes in schools, which is also a sound martial art. The open karate in Tokyo is in the Taisho era.
Modern karate (1920 ~ 1945)
After that, Funakoshi Gichin Normal University opened Songtao Pavilion in Tokyo, which entered the popularization stage. At present, Keio University, Waseda University and Tuoda University all have empty-handed departments, and at the same time, the "Tang hand" has been changed to "empty-handed".
The era of sports karate (1946 ~ now)
In the future, it will adopt the competition system and become a sport. 1970, the first world karate rights conference was held in Tokyo, becoming "the karate of the world".