Coal mine; Hidden dangers of accidents; cause analysis
1 preface
As one of the most dangerous industries, coal mine ranks first in the national safety production supervision. It is one of the ways to reduce coal mine accidents to find out the causes of hidden dangers of coal mine accidents and take targeted measures to control them. Now engaged in coal mine safety evaluation, combined with the local government's various coal mine safety inspection and acceptance, as well as the hidden dangers of coal mine accidents found in technical services for enterprises, the reasons are as follows:
2 specific manifestations of hidden dangers of coal mine accidents
Taking safety evaluation as an example, among the 25 coal mine safety evaluation projects completed by our company in 20 1 1 year, * * * pointed out the hidden dangers of accidents 1223, including 92 major accidents. Among the hidden dangers found in on-site investigation, ventilation, gas, flood and electromechanical transportation are the most, and the major hidden dangers are also the most, which are mainly manifested in: unreasonable and independent ventilation system, illegal series ventilation; The construction quality of ventilation facilities such as air door, air bridge and sealing is not up to standard, and the setting can not meet the needs of ventilation safety; Failing to take outstanding prevention and control measures; There are no regional measures to check and verify the effect, and the "four in one" comprehensive outburst prevention measures have not been fully implemented; Insufficient number of sensors, inappropriate installation position and untimely adjustment; Lack of mine outburst prevention management personnel and technical personnel; Insufficient number of gas inspectors; Mine hydrogeological conditions and goaf, adjacent mines and abandoned old kiln water were not found out. ; Mine hydrogeological conditions are complex, and there are no water prevention institutions or personnel; Failing to set up water prevention and control facilities such as the main water warehouse and equip them with relevant technical equipment and instruments as required; The power supply system does not realize double-loop power supply; Use winch and other equipment that is explicitly prohibited or eliminated.
3 The main causes of hidden dangers of coal mine accidents
In the process of safety evaluation, participating in various government safety inspections and providing technical services for enterprises, we conducted on-site inspections and investigations on various coal mines with different business types, scales, safety conditions and environmental conditions for production and construction, and contacted a large number of coal mine owners, managers, technicians, grass-roots workers and government supervisors. Through contact and communication, induction and analysis, we have the following understandings:
3. 1 Most coal mines (especially private small mines and mines in non-major coal-producing areas) have a weak foundation for safe production. First, coal mine safety investment is not in place. Because the construction funds cannot be put in place in time, the related safety facilities are not completely built according to the design, the mine safety facilities are incomplete or defective, and the disaster resistance is weak. Second, the quality of coal mine managers and workers is low, and technical personnel are lacking. Because it is a high-risk industry and the conditions are difficult, it is difficult to recruit professional technicians and technicians. Most workers in coal mines, especially small coal mines, recruit migrant workers, with low cultural quality, high mobility, poor safety knowledge and skills and low awareness of safety responsibility.
3.2 Coal mine safety technology foundation is weak, lack of professional and technical personnel, lack of technical data. First, I am not familiar with the laws, regulations, technical standards and norms related to coal industry and safety production, and cannot be accurately applied to coal mine production and construction, resulting in the construction of safety facilities and equipment that do not meet the standard requirements or are not perfect, or are not used in a standardized way in production, or the technical data and measures for safety production are incomplete, with errors and loopholes, resulting in hidden dangers of accidents. Second, there is a lack of information on safety conditions and basic information on safety technology. If there is no water disaster investigation data, hydrogeological type classification report, outburst risk identification and gas parameter determination, there is no special outburst prevention design; The data of mine water prevention and control are incomplete, and there are no gas drainage parameters, drilling design and completion data.
3.3 Some coal mines did not strictly implement the "three simultaneities" provisions of construction projects, and the safety investment was not in place, or they were not familiar with the basic construction procedures of coal mines, and the relevant safety facilities were not completed on schedule in full accordance with the construction organization design order.
One is not in accordance with the approved mine design and safety facilities design and construction, unauthorized changes to the construction scheme, some unreasonable changes caused by ventilation system, gas drainage system or drainage system and other large-scale systems lack of capacity, functional defects, unreliable, does not meet the relevant requirements. , thus causing potential accidents. Second, the safety facilities are seriously lagging behind the main project. For example, according to the management of coal and gas outburst, the main shaft will be exposed or exposed, but no gas drainage system or even gas monitoring system has been established; The third is to contract out the well construction project to unqualified personnel for construction. Fourth, due to the lack of funds for well construction or the short-sighted behavior of the owners, illegal production was organized in the technical transformation area, and even ventured into the area outside the technical transformation scope. When some coal mines applied for joint trial operation, they didn't even build or improve double-circuit power supply, mine safety monitoring system, gas drainage system and permanent drainage system, which led to serious accidents.
3.4 part of the coal mine management confusion. First, the safety management organization is incomplete or nominal; Second, the safety production management system, safety production responsibility system, safety operation rules, safety technical measures and accident emergency rescue plan are not perfect; Third, the implementation of safety production management is weak, the on-site management is lax, the phenomenon of "three violations" is widespread, and the implementation of safety measures is not in place. Many hidden dangers of accidents are caused by the illegal command and operation of the squad leader and on-site operators. Fourth, the investigation and management of hidden dangers are not taken seriously, the rectification of hidden dangers is not timely, and major hidden dangers are not handled or reported.
3.5 Safety training and education is not in place, and a large part of it is a mere formality. Employees' safety awareness and self-protection ability are poor, and there are no rules to follow.
Most front-line workers in coal mines are migrant workers, with poor cultural foundation and great mobility. Moreover, because the salary during the training period is not as good as going to work, many trainings are boring and tiring (such as the training of ambulancemen), the initiative of employees is poor, some employees are nervous, and workers do not have enough time to be transferred for training. In many cases, enterprises often pay for training, but employees don't study and train, just get their certificates back. The training work is not in place, which leads to poor safety awareness and independent protection ability of workers, and there are rules to follow.
3.6 The construction quality of some safety facilities does not meet the requirements, such as poor quality of ventilation facilities, unreasonable setting or poor maintenance and management; The construction quality of gas drainage drilling hole is poor, and the sealing quality is poor; The construction quality of the pump house and its ancillary facilities is poor, or the setting is unreasonable; The quality of the protective device of sports car for transportation is poor.
3.7 Some coal mines have serious natural disasters and poor conditions for safe production.
If some coal mines are outburst mines and coal seams are mined at close range, and the coal in each coal seam has spontaneous combustion tendency, gas drainage should be carried out in adjacent coal seams at the same time to reduce the influence of gas in adjacent coal seams on the working face of this coal seam. In addition, it is necessary to bury pipelines in the working face to drain the goaf. How to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal seam in goaf at the same time will lead to accidents. Some small coal mines have complex geological structure, deep burial depth, large roof stress, insufficient mining technology and safety facilities, and the gas drainage effect can not meet the production needs.
3.8 A few enterprises mainly focus on production efficiency, realize output value and profit, ignore hidden dangers and weak links in production safety, slack off, even turn a blind eye to hidden dangers, become accustomed to serious violations, and the phenomenon of "three violations" is repeatedly prohibited.
3.9 A few coal mines produce while building, or refuse to carry out regulatory instructions for illegal production.
3. 10 The technical parameters of safety condition data such as coal and gas outburst risk appraisal report made by a few intermediaries are incomplete, the judgment basis is insufficient, or the conclusion is not clear, which can not correctly guide the work of coal mine outburst prevention.
3. 1 1 There are defects in the design of individual coal mines, or because the construction period is too long, new relevant technical standards and specifications are constantly introduced during the construction process, and some design contents no longer meet the requirements of existing relevant technical standards and specifications, resulting in defects in related safety facilities.
3. 12 government supervision needs to be strengthened. First, it is necessary to improve the professional quality of grass-roots supervisors and strengthen their ability to find and solve problems in the process of supervision and law enforcement. Second, some local governments' understanding of coal mine safety production is biased, and they can't correctly handle the relationship between safety production and local economic development and fiscal revenue, which leads to industry leaders and safety supervision departments to relax supervision, or human interference, and law enforcement is not in place.
4 conclusion
The hidden dangers of coal mine accidents are mainly caused by weak safety production foundation, insufficient safety investment, inadequate safety production management, illegal or even illegal production and construction, and also involve natural safety conditions, government supervision, technical service institutions and so on. As the main body of safety production, coal mines must implement the safety production law, adhere to the policy of safety first and prevention first, put an end to blind pursuit of output and economic benefits, firmly establish the idea of "safety first, safety is the greatest benefit" and actively take various preventive measures. At the same time, the investigation and management of hidden dangers of accidents adhere to the principle of "safety first, prevention first and comprehensive management", and comprehensively manage hidden dangers of coal mines in conjunction with government supervision departments to improve the level of safe production in coal mines.