On February 13, Russia announced its plan to jointly build a lunar research station with China. Recently, the two sides are studying the technical implementation plan of the project. The United States is also running a similar project, which is progressing rapidly, and soon the American moon base will be unveiled. 202 1 year is the year when mankind conquered Mars. Mars has been one of the most visited planets since mankind began space exploration. The American Mariner IV spacecraft sent back the first photos of the surface of Mars as early as 1964. From the beginning of February 20021year, probes from three countries (United Arab Emirates, China and the United States) wanted to land on Mars, while the probe "Hope" from the United Arab Emirates entered the orbit around Mars in February 20021year, making history. The next day, China's "Tian Wen-1" probe will follow closely and land on Mars in May.
China, the United States, Russia, the European Union, Japan, India, the United Arab Emirates and other countries have launched probes to the moon and Mars or are preparing to launch probes to them, providing new demand jobs for aerospace aluminum materials. High-end aluminum materials and aluminum-based composites play an extremely important role in the manufacture of spacecraft equipment and launch rocket systems, and are indispensable materials. At present, many domestic enterprises can prepare various aviation aluminum materials in batches. In the net weight of rocket materials, aluminum accounts for more than 94%, and in the net weight of spacecraft structural materials, aluminum and aluminum-based composites also account for about 75%.
Aluminum: the pillar and structural component of spacecraft launching rockets.
Aerospace aluminum can be roughly divided into two parts: one is used for launching rockets, and the other is used for the structure of spacecraft itself. Since the beginning of the aerospace industry, aluminum and aluminum-based composites have formed an indissoluble bond with the aerospace industry. They are not only widely used, but also indispensable key materials. Although it cannot be said that there would be no such prosperous aerospace industry without aluminum, it is no exaggeration to say that without aluminum alloy, the earth-shattering aerospace industry like today would be delayed for at least twenty or thirty years.
The main aluminum alloys used in spacecraft and rockets are 7078, 2024 and Al-Li alloy. The liquid hydrogen tank, liquid oxygen tank, control device and strengthening connecting ring used for rocket launching are all made of this alloy material.
Changwuben space aluminum material construction guang
201165438 2006+1At 20: 43 on October 3, China's largest new generation launch vehicle Long March 5 was launched from Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan Province, China, and entered the scheduled orbit about 30 minutes later. The first launch mission of the Long March V carrier rocket was a complete success. This earth-shattering noise shocked the whole earth, marking that China has crossed the threshold of a space power and entered the club of world space powers.
What aluminum alloy is used to weld the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen tanks of the Long March 5 rocket? Although there are no media reports, the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen tanks used to launch large rockets in foreign countries, whether in the United States, Japan or Europe, are all welded with 22 19 alloy, so the author thinks that the low-temperature fuel and combustion-supporting liquid oxygen tanks of Long March 5 should also be welded with 22 19 aluminum alloy thick plates (6mm 10mm), which should be affiliated to China Aluminum Group. They have 60 years of technology and experience in producing aviation aluminum, and have passed the certification of aerospace department. In addition, the space matching ring forged by a company in Wuxi in 20 15 is made of 22 19 alloy, with an outer diameter of 8.7 meters and an inner diameter of 8.32 meters.
Many countries landed on Mars, and aerospace aluminum ushered in new demand. China Aerospace Aluminum ranks among the world powers.
As China ranks among the world's space powers, all the aluminum materials, aluminum-based composite materials and aluminum parts (except some parts) needed by the space industry are self-sufficient, and some of them are the first in the world, ranking the leading level in the world, such as the whole ring of aluminum alloy with a diameter of 10m for rocket systems, the large-diameter spray-deposited aluminum-lithium alloy ingots and their extrusion forging blanks.
A large forged ring with a diameter of 10m was made in China.
Since 2003, with the rapid development of China's space industry, the diameter of aluminum alloy forging rings for high-thrust rockets and spacecraft has been increasing, and forging rings with a diameter of more than 5m are urgently needed. In addition to the aerospace field, large-diameter aluminum alloy forged rings are also needed in weapons fields such as medium-and long-range strategic missiles and ship-borne artillery. Previously, due to the limitation of equipment capacity, Northeast Light Alloy Co., Ltd. (referred to as "Donglight Company") could only produce forged rings with a maximum diameter of 2.9m The production process was backward, the feed ratio was large, and the yield was low, which could not meet the needs of the development of China's space industry. As an Al-Mg alloy processing base in China, Dong Qing Company decided to independently develop the ring rolling production line. In 2004, Dong Qing Company listed the ring rolling production line as one of the key construction projects of that year, and started equipment manufacturing in June 2005. In March 2006, the ring rolling production line was installed. In June, 2006, the leaders of China Aerospace First Academy visited Dong Qing Company to inspect the progress of Dong Qing Company's participation in the Chang 'e Project to develop the extra-large diameter aluminum alloy forging ring, and fully affirmed the design scheme and a series of work of Dong Qing Company. On September 12, 2006, Dong Qing Company successfully trial-produced and rolled an aluminum alloy forging ring with a diameter of 4m. Not only did the ring mill meet the design requirements, but the maximum temperature difference of the quenching furnace was only 29, which completely met the design standards.
On June 30th, 2006,65438+February 30th, 2006, Dong Qing Company designed and manufactured the ring rolling production line with completely independent intellectual property rights, and produced the largest forged aluminum alloy ring in China at that time. The forging ring has a diameter of 5.15m, a width of 340mm and a thickness of100mm, which is the pioneer of China rocket forging ring.
20 14 12, Wuxi pike heavy casting and forging co., ltd also successfully rolled the largest aluminum alloy ring forgings in China. The forging has an outer diameter of 8.7m, an inner diameter of 8.32m and a height of 0.35m.. It is the largest 22 19 aluminum alloy ring forging in China at present. Its appearance has broken through many key technologies of domestic 22 19 aluminum alloy ring rolling, reaching the leading level in the industry.
Large ring forgings can be widely used in leading cities such as wind power generation, petrochemical industry, mining machinery, energy power stations, aerospace, nuclear gas turbines and so on. The largest 22 19 aluminum alloy ring forging forged by Parker is the key component of a rocket. The successful development of the ring has promoted the successful transformation of this private high-tech enterprise and entered the leading city of space supporting.
It is reported that the aluminum alloy ring involves many leading cities and a number of key technologies. Later, the company continued to carry out research on heat treatment, stress relief and overall processing of ring parts to ensure that the shape and performance of parts meet the technical requirements and use requirements of products.
2065438+At the beginning of August, 2005, Guangxi Nannan Aluminum Processing Co., Ltd. passed the appraisal and acceptance of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Industry and Information Technology Committee, meeting the requirements for producing large-size aluminum alloy integral rings, which is the key material needed for the national major projects of heavy rockets that were focused on during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period.
By introducing absorption and re-innovation, Nannan Aluminum Company has built the world's most advanced hard aluminum alloy casting production line, and developed technologies such as melt linkage refining, degassing, filtration and multi-stage homogenization heat treatment of ingots, which solved major technical problems such as high purity and purification of melts, semi-continuous casting of high-performance super-large-size ingots, and control of microstructure uniformity, and produced super-large-size hard aluminum alloy ingots with a diameter of 1.320mm and a mass of more than 20t, which were applied to aerospace.
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Industry and Information Technology Committee organized an acceptance expert group composed of aerospace design and application units to identify and accept the project. The expert group believes that the project has completed all the indicators proposed in the task book, and the overall technology has reached the domestic leading and international advanced level, and it is unanimously agreed to pass the appraisal and acceptance.
In April 14, 10, 1 1: 39, the first 9m-class super-large aluminum alloy integral ring jointly developed by Chinalco Southwest Aluminum and Tianjin Special Steel Precision Forging Co., Ltd. was successfully developed. This is the largest aluminum alloy integral ring in the world at present.
The development of 9m-class super-large aluminum alloy integral ring is another historic breakthrough in the field of new aerospace materials since Chinalco successfully developed 5m-class ring rolling technology and ended the history that China could not produce large-scale aluminum alloy giant rings!
In recent years, with the development of national major machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, there is an urgent demand for high-performance large-scale ring parts, and the manufacturing capacity of large-scale ring parts has become the symbol of national basic manufacturing capacity and an important guarantee for national defense. In 20 12, when China aerospace science and technology corporation conducted material research, it put forward the demand for 9m-class super-large aluminum alloy rings.
The traditional manufacturing processes of super-large ring parts are mainly casting and welding, but these two processes can not meet the performance requirements required to withstand heavy load, high impact, ultra-low temperature and other harsh working conditions, so the overall manufacturing process must be adopted. However, at this time, the research and development technology of 9m-class integral ring parts is still blank in China, and the ring parts range from 5m to 9m, and the technical span is huge. In order to meet the needs of the country and occupy the commanding heights of the industry, in 20 14, Chinalco set up a ring technology research and development team in Southwest Aluminum Industry, and the pre-research work was officially started.
In order to meet the requirements of ring design, we must break through many key core technical problems such as ring ingot casting, rolling forming, heat treatment, cold deformation and so on, and all development work must start from scratch.
This is the first "hard bone" that the R&D team must chew to meet the requirements of the whole ring for ingots. In 20 14, the R&D team began to tackle the problem of super-large alloy ingots. In a short period of three months, the R&D team independently innovated and developed the supporting casting tools, explored the key casting technology and process, overcame the difficulty of forming super-large ingots, and cast round ingots with a diameter of 1.350mm that met the requirements of technical standards, which laid a solid foundation for the success of the later development work. In the following six months, Southwest Aluminum Company broke through the two key technologies of forging blank and rolling forming, and successfully rolled the aluminum alloy integral ring with the size fully meeting the design requirements. The surface of the ferrule is smooth and defect-free, the size is up to standard, and the accuracy exceeds the expected effect.
On August 25th, 20 16, Southwest Aluminum Company successfully rolled off the production line of 10m class integral aluminum alloy rings for heavy-duty launch vehicles, setting a new world record for integral aluminum alloy rings. This means that the hardware capability of China's deep space exploration equipment has been greatly improved, and Southwest Aluminum has once again achieved a major breakthrough in the development technology of super-large integral ring parts.
In recent years, Southwest Aluminum has provided a large number of key materials for China's major national projects such as "Long March" series rockets, "Shenzhou" series spacecraft, "Chang 'e" series lunar exploration satellites, domestic large aircraft, and the world's largest caliber radio telescope, and made outstanding contributions to China's national defense construction and space development.
10m aluminum alloy forging ring
It is understood that the 10m super-large aluminum alloy ring is the key structural part connecting the tube section, the front and rear bottom section and the inter-box section of heavy-duty launch vehicle, and it is also the key material for making new breakthroughs in the development of heavy-duty launch vehicles in China, and its manufacturing technology is a major problem that needs to be broken through urgently.
"The rocket body structure of the heavy-duty launch vehicle is a super-large thin-walled structure with difficulties such as large geometric size, low structural stiffness, high shape accuracy and harsh service environment, which means that the manufacturing process of the integral ring as a key structural part is facing new technical challenges." Li Yong, general manager and deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Southwest Aluminum Company, said that the 10m monolithic aluminum alloy ring has to bear more heavy load, high impact and ultra-low temperature than the 9m monolithic aluminum alloy ring, and it is more difficult to develop with the increase of its diameter.
95% of aluminum alloy forging rings for various launch vehicles currently used in China are provided by Southwest Aluminum. Southwest Aluminum Company constantly refreshes the product specifications, technical performance and domestic and foreign records of aluminum alloy forging rings for aerospace, which provides reliable material guarantee for the development of China's aerospace industry.
Aluminum alloy composite devices have been successfully applied to Beidou system.
Many related materials and devices of Shenyang Institute of Metals, Chinese Academy of Sciences have been successfully applied to Beidou-3 global satellite navigation system. A series of multicomponent aluminum-based composites developed by the metal matrix composites research group have been successfully applied to the optical structure of Beidou satellite and the cooling carrier of more than 20 Beidou satellite power modules. Compared with traditional aluminum and titanium alloys, aluminum-based composites have the advantages of low expansion, high thermal conductivity, high elastic modulus and good dimensional stability, which can better meet the requirements of laser system for high precision and high reliability of structural parts. Compared with W-Cu and Mo-Cu heat dissipation materials, the low density of aluminum matrix composites can reduce the weight of power module heat dissipation carrier by more than 70%. The above aluminum-based composites have played an important role in laser communication accuracy and satellite lightweight design.