China Library Classification G Document Identification Code A
The article number is 0450-9889 (2013) 09a-0012-03.
Only by proceeding from reality and focusing on the future, can kindergartens make a scientific and accurate analysis of the environment in which they are located, clarify the existing characteristics and advantages of kindergartens, recognize the existing problems and shortcomings of kindergartens, and understand the difficulties and challenges faced by kindergartens, can they create development conditions and formulate development measures on the existing basis. It can be seen that it is very important for the long-term development of kindergartens to analyze the environment reasonably with scientific methods.
First, SWOT analysis method
SWOT analysis is a commonly used systematic analysis method to analyze the internal and external environment of an organization, in which S stands for strength and represents the internal strength of the organization, that is, all kinds of resources and capabilities necessary for the organization to give play to its advantages. W is a weakness, representing the shortcomings and deficiencies in the organization. O is an opportunity, representing all kinds of opportunities that already exist or will appear in the external environment. T refers to threats, which refer to external threats that may endanger the existing status and stability of the organization.
Second, the SWOT analysis process
(A) the formation of internal and external factors evaluation matrix
The external environment of kindergarten mainly refers to the factors that have a significant or even significant impact on the development of kindergarten, including policy environment, social demand, economic environment, scientific and technological environment, cultural environment, community environment, peer performance and so on. The analysis of kindergarten internal environment refers to the process of identifying advantages and disadvantages through the analysis of existing resources, students, teachers and management within a certain comparative range. Using SWOT analysis method to analyze kindergarten environment, we must first form external factor evaluation matrix and internal factor evaluation matrix. The matrix is formed in the following six steps: (1) List the important influencing factors in the internal and external environment. (2) Identify which external factors are opportunities and which are threats; What are the advantages and disadvantages between internal factors? (3) Determine a weight x(0≤x≤ 1) according to the influence degree of each factor, and the sum of the weights of each factor is 1. (4) According to the effectiveness of kindergarten coping, the scores of external factors are as follows: good score is 4, good score is 3, general score is 2, and poor score is1; Internal factors score: 4 points for important advantages, 3 points for secondary advantages, 2 points for secondary disadvantages, and 1 point for important disadvantages. (5) Multiply the weight with the score to get the weighted score of each factor. (6) The weighted total score is obtained by weighted addition of all factors, with an average of 2.5 points. The higher the weighted total score of external factors, the better the use of external opportunities and threats, and the existing development strategy can better cope with the external strategic environment; The lower the total weight score, the more it shows that the existing development strategy can not make good use of external opportunities and avoid external threats, and needs to be improved. The higher the weighted total score of internal factors, the more obvious the advantages compared with other similar kindergartens; The lower the weighted total score, it shows that there is a certain gap compared with other similar kindergartens.
(B) the formation of strategic matrix
After a thorough analysis of the strategic environment of kindergartens by SWOT analysis, kindergartens should choose appropriate strategies according to their own conditions and external environment. SWOT analysis can provide four alternative development strategies for kindergartens: SO strategy, WO strategy, ST strategy and WT strategy. Their respective characteristics are as follows: SO strategy and growth strategy should make full use of internal advantages and seize external opportunities; WO strategy, a reversal strategy, should make effective use of external opportunities and improve internal disadvantages; ST strategy and diversification strategy should make full use of internal advantages to avoid or reduce external threats; WT strategy and defensive strategy should focus on connotation development, overcome internal weaknesses and avoid external threats.
After choosing a suitable strategy, a strategic matrix is formed according to external opportunities and threats, internal advantages and disadvantages, and targeted strategic measures are put forward.
Third, Guangxi ×× kindergarten strategic environment analysis
(A) Guangxi ×× kindergarten introduction
This kindergarten is a demonstration kindergarten in C city. Since 1992 was founded, it has a history of 2 1 year. There are 20 classes in preschool, large class, middle class and small class, with faculty 10 1, of which the director 1.
(B) Analysis of external factors
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A series of policies such as the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan (2065-438+00-2020), Some Opinions of the State Council on the Current Development of Preschool Education, The Outline of the Medium-and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (2065-438+00-2020) and Some Opinions of the People's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on the Current Development of Preschool Education were issued. It reflects the importance attached by the state and the autonomous region to preschool education. In order to implement the preschool education policies of the state and the autonomous region, C city has also issued a series of policies related to preschool education, and the spring of preschool education has arrived.
2. The demand of economic development
With the rapid development of economy and the overall improvement of people's life, parents of children in C city attach unprecedented importance to education, especially preschool education. On the one hand, more and more parents send their children to kindergartens for professional early childhood education, which makes the number of students in kindergartens quite sufficient. On the other hand, some parents prefer to choose kindergartens with high-quality educational resources for their children, such as comfortable school buildings, excellent teachers, reasonable courses, superior environment and scientific teaching, so that their children can receive better education. This is a great development opportunity for XX Park, one of the demonstration parks in C City 10.
3. The growth of school-age population
Population and education are inextricably linked, and the change of school-age population directly affects the development of kindergartens. Through the statistics of the number of preschool children around kindergartens, it is found that the number is on the rise, and it may reach about 3000 in 2065,438+03, which is about 500 more than that in 2065,438+065,438+0, and the number of students is quite sufficient.
4. The surrounding kindergartens are seriously inadequate.
At present, there are no other public kindergartens near the area where the kindergarten is located, only a few private kindergartens. The number of children that these private kindergartens can accommodate is quite limited, and the hardware facilities such as school buildings, activity venues and teaching toys are relatively poor, and the level of teachers is relatively low (some teachers do not even have kindergarten teaching qualifications). The class size also seriously exceeds the national requirements, but the fees are relatively high, which obviously cannot provide a good education for the surrounding children and meet the needs of parents. The lack and weakness of competitors is a great development opportunity for the park.
5. Lack of preschool teachers
The shortage of preschool teachers is mainly manifested in two aspects: first, the continuous rise of preschool population leads to a large gap in the number of preschool teachers. Second, today's society pays more and more attention to the education of preschool children, and has higher requirements for preschool teachers and nurses, and the demand for excellent teachers is growing. However, there are not many universities in this area that can train qualified kindergarten teachers. In addition, there are fewer excellent preschool teachers who graduate from colleges and universities every year, and tend to stay in relatively developed cities such as Nanning and Liuzhou, and even fewer teachers are willing to come to C. The lack of preschool teachers, especially excellent preschool teachers, will inevitably affect the introduction of teachers in the park. Step 6 take care of grandparents
On the one hand, with the development of economy, more and more C city residents go out to work, resulting in a large number of left-behind children. For example, nearly 10% of the children in XX Garden have parents in other places, and they entrust their children to their grandparents. On the other hand, although some children's parents are at home, they have no time to look after them because of various reasons such as busy work. Children often live with their grandparents and are taken care of by them. These children, who are taken care of by grandparents, hardly have any education, which often leads to various problems, such as personality disorder, psychological disorder, selfishness, indifference of parent-child relationship and so on. For the education of young children, these old people don't realize its value, and think that letting children enter the park is just "reading and literacy, getting busy and looking for a place to care about it." After these children enter the park, there will be various problems, and how to deal with these problems has become a difficult problem.
7. Social education concept
Influenced by traditional exam-oriented education, there is also a utilitarian concept in kindergarten education. I hope that children can learn to write more words and calculate more complicated numbers in kindergarten, so as to judge whether a kindergarten is good or not and whether the teachers are good or not, which leads to the "primary school" trend of kindergarten education. How to strike a balance between adhering to the scientific and reasonable concept of early childhood education and the social concept of kindergarten education is a problem that the garden must carefully consider.
8. The influence of private kindergartens
With the introduction of various pre-school education policies at all levels, such as the state, autonomous region and C city, the state has given more and more support to private kindergartens and encouraged social forces to organize private kindergartens in various forms. Governments at all levels even provide various forms of support to standardized private kindergartens that meet the layout planning, provide inclusive services to the public and charge reasonable fees. In this way, private kindergartens will increase year by year, which has a great influence on the development of kindergartens.
external factor evaluation matrix
After analyzing the external factors of the park, it is clear that the park will face four opportunities: the support of education policy, the demand of economic development, the growth of school-age population and the serious shortage of surrounding kindergartens; There are four threats: the lack of preschool teachers, the care of ancestors, the influence of social education concepts, and the impact of private kindergartens. According to the influence of these factors on kindergartens, we think that the weights of the four opportunities are 0.25, 0.05, 0. 15 and 0.15 respectively; The weight scores of the four threats are all 0. 1. According to the effective response of the park to these factors, we give the scores of four opportunities in turn: 3, 1, 3, 2; The scores of the four threats are 2, 3, 2 and 2 respectively. Matrix calculation shows that the total weighted score of external matrix evaluation is 2.45, which is lower than the average total weighted score of 2.5, indicating that the existing development strategy of the kindergarten can not fully cope with external opportunities and threats, and the existing strategy should be adjusted.
(D) Analysis of internal factors
1. Good social reputation
As the only municipal demonstration kindergarten under C City, the park has a history of nearly 2 1 year. Years of experience in running a school, scientific and reasonable curriculum arrangement, one-day activities combining static and dynamic activities, and good teaching effect have won the trust of the society and parents, formed a good reputation among the people around the kindergarten, and laid the foundation for the development of the kindergarten.
2. Experienced team of teachers
Among the 47 full-time teachers in the park, 45 kindergarten teachers graduated, obtained the qualification certificate of kindergarten teachers, and mastered the systematic theoretical knowledge of preschool education; Forty-three students have more than five years' working experience in early childhood education and rich practical experience in early childhood education and teaching. These excellent teachers are full of enthusiasm for early childhood education and love for children, and can control their daily activities with ease; At the same time, we can also guide and train young teachers in kindergartens to help them grow up as soon as possible.
3. The geographical advantage is obvious.
The park is located in the downtown area of C, surrounded by many enterprises and institutions, including banks, primary and secondary schools, urban construction bureau, finance bureau, education bureau, Xinhua Bookstore, commercial places and so on. Dense population and convenient transportation and life. On the one hand, there are many school-age children in this area, and the quality of parents is relatively high. On the other hand, considering the convenience of going to work, picking up and dropping off children and the choice of high-quality parks, parents outside some areas will also choose parks, which has brought sufficient students to the development of parks.
4. Students are of high quality.
Because the park has a good social reputation and is the only city-level demonstration kindergarten in the city under C, many parents want to send their children to the park, but the limited capacity of the kindergarten indirectly gives the kindergarten the opportunity to choose excellent students. Compared with other kindergartens, the quality of children and parents in this kindergarten is relatively high, which lays the foundation for the management and education of kindergartens.
5. Backward hardware facilities
The park was transformed from an idle primary school teaching building, and now there are only two teaching buildings and 20 classrooms. The activities, teaching and rest of each class are in the same classroom, and the gathering density is too large and the activity area is small, with an average of less than 0.5 square meters; The indoor activity space is insufficient, and some teaching activities are not easy to carry out; Outdoor activities are mainly based on cement hardened ground, and the green area is small, so playing outdoor games is prone to safety accidents. In addition, there are relatively few teaching AIDS and toys in this kindergarten, which is difficult to meet the needs of teaching activities.
6. Insufficient deposits
Because the government's investment in preschool education has been less, the park is basically in a state of self-financing, that is, the tuition income of children entering the park is the overall operating cost of the kindergarten, including teachers' salaries (teachers are mostly supernumerary, and their salaries are paid by the kindergarten), the transformation of kindergartens and other infrastructure, the purchase of teaching toys, teacher training and so on. The annual tuition income of the park is about 900,000 yuan, and the teachers' salary, housing accumulation fund and other benefits need about 600,000 yuan. On the premise of ensuring teachers' salaries and basic benefits, there are few left, and it is difficult to pay for infrastructure construction and teacher training, which seriously hinders the development of the park.
7. The structure of teachers is unreasonable
Among the 47 faculty members in the park, the aging trend is obvious from the age structure. Nearly 30% of teachers are over 40 years old and there are not enough young teachers. From the perspective of gender structure, all of them are female teachers, and it is urgent to introduce male teachers. From the academic level, there are 6 undergraduate students and 35 junior college students, and the rest of the teachers are all secondary school or below, which needs to be further improved. From the perspective of stability, it is difficult to attract kindergarten teachers with formal education to join because of poor treatment, and some excellent teachers have left the kindergarten for various reasons, such as entering primary and secondary schools or better kindergartens and finding other jobs. , leading to frequent teacher flow and poor stability in the park.
8. Primary school teaching tends to be serious.
Influenced by social education concepts and parents' needs, there has always been a serious tendency of primary school teaching in the park. From the teaching content, mainly pinyin, literacy, English, mental arithmetic and so on. From the organizational form, the class schedule is basically the same as that of primary schools, with four classes in the morning and two classes in the afternoon. Children, like primary school students, sit in a row and listen to the teacher. In terms of teaching methods, Chinese generally focuses on reading aloud, reciting and practicing calligraphy, while mathematics focuses on counting and calculating. This kind of primary school teaching ignores the law of children's physical and mental development and is not conducive to children's physical and mental development.
9. The protection level needs to be improved.
Although the park is equipped with specialized nurses, these nurses have not received professional training in conservation knowledge, and the level of conservation needs to be improved. From the sanitary situation, there is no special tableware disinfection cabinet in the kitchen, and the disinfection is not strict. From the point of view of nutrition collocation, few children's diets are reasonably matched from the point of view of children's growth needs, which can not meet the standard of nutrition supply. From the medical point of view, although there are specialized health care personnel, the level of health care is not high. The child is ill and can only be escorted to a nearby hospital for treatment.
Matrix analysis of internal factors
After analyzing the internal influencing factors of kindergarten, we can make it clear that the kindergarten has four advantages: good social reputation, experienced teachers, obvious geographical advantages and high quality of students; There are five internal disadvantages: insufficient hardware facilities, insufficient funds, unreasonable teacher structure, serious tendency of primary school teaching and the level of conservation needs to be improved. According to the importance of each factor to the future development of kindergartens, we think that the weights of the four advantages are 0.2, 0.05, 0. 1, 0.05 respectively; The weights of the five disadvantages are: 0. 15, 0.3, 0. 1, 0.05, 0.05. According to the effective response of the park to these factors, we give the scores of four advantages in turn: 4, 3, 4 and 3; The scores of the five threats are: 2, 2, 2, 1, 1. According to the matrix calculation, the total weighted score of internal matrix evaluation is 2.8, which is slightly higher than the average total weighted score of 2.5, indicating that the overall advantage of this kindergarten is slightly higher than the average level of similar schools, and there is great room for development.
SWOT matrix
According to the analysis of the above strategic environment, we can draw a conclusion that the kindergarten has good internal advantages and numerous external opportunities, and should adopt the growth strategy (SO strategy) to form the following SWOT matrix.