1. Classroom teaching evaluation has a guiding function and can promote classroom teaching reform.
The establishment and implementation of classroom teaching evaluation system can give full play to the guiding role of evaluation, promote teachers to change their educational concepts as soon as possible, give full play to teachers' awareness of educational innovation in classroom teaching, and achieve the purpose of improving classroom teaching. The establishment of evaluation system means that the choice and emphasis of various factors related to teaching and learning in classroom teaching are different. These differences will prompt teachers to pay more attention to the relevant factors emphasized in the evaluation in future classroom teaching, and take them as the focus of display and play in classroom teaching, and give play to the guiding function of evaluation.
2. Classroom teaching evaluation has an incentive function, which can strengthen the communication between teachers.
Classroom teaching evaluation can effectively evaluate the situation, advantages and disadvantages of teachers' classroom teaching. Only by letting teachers know their own strengths, highlights, characteristics and shortcomings in classroom teaching practice can we find the basis and direction for future efforts. Classroom teaching evaluation is an important way for teachers to understand their own teaching situation. At the same time, classroom teaching evaluation can also enable teachers to enhance understanding and learn from each other in class evaluation activities, and stimulate internal needs and motivation in class evaluation exchanges.
3. Classroom teaching evaluation is an important way to promote teachers' professional development.
For teachers, the level and ability of classroom teaching is the basic point of teachers' foothold. How to effectively improve teachers' teaching level and ability is one of the most important topics in teacher education. Our classroom teaching evaluation can just provide a window for teachers to know their own teaching situation scientifically, let them know their own shortcomings in teaching and the direction of future efforts, and provide a good platform for teachers' professional development. In view of the adaptability of teachers in the implementation of the new curriculum reform, classroom teaching evaluation, especially developmental classroom teaching evaluation, is an important means to ensure the smooth implementation of the new curriculum and promote teachers' professional development.
4. Classroom teaching evaluation has decision-making and evaluation functions and is an important part of school management.
Classroom teaching evaluation is an important part of teachers' job evaluation and the core content of school evaluation system. By carrying out scientific and effective classroom teaching evaluation, teachers' teaching attitude, teaching quality, working ability and professional level can be effectively identified, making school management more systematic and decision-making more scientific.
5. Classroom teaching evaluation is an affirmation to a teacher and a responsibility to students.
Classroom teaching evaluation is an affirmation of teachers' working attitude and achievements, so classroom teaching evaluation must be scientific and fair.
Brief introduction of classroom teaching evaluation;
Classroom teaching evaluation refers to the evaluation activities of the objects appearing in the process of classroom teaching implementation. Its evaluation scope includes teaching and learning, and its value lies in classroom teaching. Classroom teaching evaluation is an important means to promote students' growth, teachers' professional development and improve classroom teaching quality.
Question 2: The significance of process evaluation to the Revolution of 1911
The Revolution of 1911 was the most important part of China's old democratic revolution, and it was a big outbreak of China people's long-standing anger and hatred against Qing imperialism and its lackeys.
Since 1840 Opium War, China has gradually become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. With the deepening of capitalist imperialist aggression and the intensification of feudal oppression, ethnic contradictions and class contradictions in China have intensified day by day, and the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal national democratic revolutionary movement of the people in China has been on the rise. For national independence, democracy and prosperity, the people of China have waged a heroic and unyielding struggle for a whole century. In the revolutionary struggle, one stage after another, each stage is full of victories and defeats, advances and temporary retreats. The development of modern China from the old democratic revolution to the new democratic revolution was a complete process. The former stage is the preparation of the latter stage, and the latter stage is the continuation and development of the former stage. All the martyrs who fought and died for China's independence, democracy and prosperity are immortal, and all those who contributed to the China Revolution are revered and missed by the people.
The history of modern China revolution is rich and colorful. Before the Revolution of 1911, the peasant class in China waged an indomitable struggle against the cruel rule of feudal autocracy and the aggression of capital imperialism in the Qing Dynasty. The peak of these struggles was the peasant war and the Boxer Rebellion in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. 65438+In the 1980s and 1990s, the young bourgeoisie in China, faced with a deep national crisis, had to rush to the historical stage and bravely led the national salvation movement-launched the Reform Movement of 1898. But these struggles did not avoid the end of failure. The historical development of China fully shows that under the strong oppression of capitalist imperialism and feudalism, neither the old peasant war in China nor the bourgeois reform movement can save the national crisis in China. Only revolution can break the shackles imposed by imperialism on the people of China, and only breaking the shackles of feudalism can open up the road of social development. Democratic revolution, only democratic revolution, is the only way for China to get rid of imperialist slavery, feudal autocracy and national poverty and backwardness, and make the Chinese nation move towards independence, democracy and prosperity.
China's democratic revolution can be divided into two stages: the old democratic revolution and the new democratic revolution. The Revolution of 1911 is the continuation and development of China's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle since the Opium War, but it is different from any revolution in the history of China. It happened under the historical conditions that a new social economy-capitalist economy and a new social class-national bourgeoisie appeared in China. Therefore, the bourgeoisie became the dominant force in society at that time. The Revolution of 1911 led by the lower class of the national bourgeoisie not only proposed to replace the old mode of production with a new mode of production, but also proposed to replace the feudal autocratic system with a new social system-democracy and system, so it is of great significance to update the social, economic and political systems.
* * * said: "Officially speaking, China's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal bourgeois democratic revolution began with Sun Yat-sen", and Sun Yat-sen's revolution was marked by the establishment of the Congress in the 1990s from 65438 to 2009. The establishment of the Zhong Xing Society was the beginning of the formal bourgeois-democratic revolution in China. From the establishment of 1894 to the end of 19 13, the Revolution of 1911 failed. This revolutionary movement has gone through nearly 20 years, which can be roughly divided into two periods and six stages.
The two main periods are:
19 12 years ago, Zhong Xing Hui and the League launched and led the revolutionary period;
After 19 12, the Central Committee was established and * * * launched the "second revolution".
These six stages are:
From 1894, 1 1, the Huizhou Uprising led by Sun Yat-sen in Honolulu to 1900,1/failure was the initial brewing stage of the Xinhai Revolution.
From the failure of 190 1 Boxer Rebellion to the establishment of 1905 in August, it was the rising stage of the Revolution of 1911.
The development stage of the Revolution of 1911 was from 19 1 1 August, when the China League was founded, to the eve of Wuchang's first righteousness in1June.
From 19 1 1 Wuchang Shouyi in June to 1 1 the end of June, the revolutionary storm swept across the country, and various provinces and regions declared uprisings or independence in succession, which was the climax stage of the Revolution of 1911.
From late19110/0, the representatives of the governors of the retrocession provinces met in Hankou to organize the temporary * * * to19/April 2002, before the dissolution of Nanjing temporary * * *, it was the Revolution of 1911.
From 19 1, Nanjing was temporarily dissolved in April 2002 to 19 13, the "second revolution" ... >>
Question 3: What are the benefits of implementing process learning evaluation? Where is the difficulty? It is absolutely beneficial for teachers and students to carry out process learning evaluation, which is far better than a decisive exam. Procedural evaluation belongs to the evaluation of individual differences, that is, "a kind of teaching evaluation that compares the past and present of each individual, or compares the relevant aspects of each individual with each other, so as to draw an evaluation conclusion." The main function of evaluation is to reflect students' learning situation in time, urge students to reflect and summarize the learning process actively, rather than give students a conclusion. Students are a developing individual, and summative evaluation is not a driving force but an obstacle to the development of some students. Students' development can be divided into morning and evening. Process evaluation records students' development, promotes students' development with good records and the joy of success, and enables students to keep moving forward in a good atmosphere. Process evaluation makes students with relatively poor intelligence at a disadvantage in all aspects, highlights their strengths and increases their self-confidence. Emotionally speaking, students are more likely to accept the process evaluation. Process evaluation has played a great role in promoting. It urges students to keep their best performance, and it urges parents to care more specifically about students' learning and strengthen communication with learning and teachers. It also urges teachers to constantly improve teaching methods and means and check their own loopholes in teaching. The difficulties of process evaluation are: evaluation is multifaceted, and teachers need to formulate various evaluation forms and consider comprehensive evaluation items and evaluation standards; To mobilize the power of learning, parents, students and society; It takes a lot of time and energy to organize various forms and portfolios, and it also takes some space to keep these materials well. In order to realize the benefits and overcome the difficulties, I think, first of all, change the current evaluation system and parents' evaluation concept. Second, teachers of the same grade in the same area should work together to make a feasible process evaluation scheme, and resources should be shared and preserved for reference in the coming year to reduce the workload in the future. Third, reduce the workload of teachers.
Question 4: What is the significance of evaluation? (1) determined or corrected value;
(2) Determining the meaning, value or state of an object (value, or generally through the conditions of caring and research) is usually determined through detailed and careful research and evaluation.
Meaning: First, the evaluation process is the process of judging the evaluation object;
Second, the evaluation process is a composite analysis process of comprehensive calculation, observation and consultation.
Therefore, evaluation is a very complicated process. Essentially, it is a process of judgment. Bloom regards evaluation as the most basic factor in the hierarchical structure model of human thinking and cognitive process. According to his model, in the model of human cognitive processing, evaluation and thinking are the two most complicated cognitive activities. He believes: "Evaluation is a process of making value judgments on certain ideas, methods and materials. It is a process of using criteria to evaluate the accuracy, effectiveness, economy and satisfaction of things. "
Synthesizing various factors, evaluation refers to the process of quantitative and non-quantitative measurement of all aspects of the evaluation object, and finally draws a reliable and logical conclusion. Among them, the so-called evaluator, also known as evaluator, is mainly the subjective agent who evaluates an object.
Question 5: What is the necessity of systematic evaluation? Whether in developed or developing countries, the success rate of information system construction projects is far less than other construction projects, which is called an it black hole. Therefore, people pay more and more attention to the problems existing in the construction of information system projects. Through the analysis of cases, it is found that although there are many reasons for the failure of information system construction, almost every failure case is closely related to the lack of timely and necessary evaluation. Therefore, information system evaluation has been put on the agenda and become a hot spot in information system project management.
Due to the different knowledge levels of evaluators and the complexity of information system evaluation, some problems will inevitably appear in the practice of information system evaluation. Common problems mainly include the following aspects:
First, the evaluation goal is unclear, and it is customary to make a big and comprehensive evaluation.
In the current practice of information system evaluation, the most common mistake is that the evaluation goal is unclear. Before the evaluation, we didn't carefully analyze the purpose of the evaluation, and didn't figure out why we should evaluate it. Instead, we adopted customary practices to conduct a large and comprehensive evaluation and set indicators for evaluating economic benefits, social benefits and technical level. Can be imagined or included in other assessments. This often leads to the result of evaluation is quite different from the original intention of evaluation. In fact, the goal is the core of evaluation; All evaluations are conducted around objectives. If the goal is not clear, the evaluation results obtained are either meaningless or useless, which is definitely a waste of people and money. For example, if the purpose of evaluation is only to evaluate the development quality and stability of information systems, it is not necessary to consider the economic benefits of information systems; Accordingly, if the purpose is to evaluate the benefit of the information system, it is unnecessary to consider the development quality of the information system. Therefore, before the information system evaluation, it is necessary to define the evaluation objectives, on the one hand, to ensure that the evaluation results meet the requirements, on the other hand, to eliminate unnecessary factors and make the evaluation easy to achieve.
Second, we don't know enough about the complexity of information system evaluation, and we often can't finish it from beginning to end.
In information system evaluation, it is also an easy mistake to lack understanding of the complexity of information system evaluation. At the beginning of taking over the evaluation task, the person in charge always wants to make this evaluation better than any previous evaluation, set lofty goals and set some goals, hoping to list all aspects involved and establish the best model, but the result is often counterproductive. With the deepening of the evaluation work, they found that things were far from simple, and the deadline was approaching, so they had to end it hastily and deal with it. The main reason for this error is that the complexity of information system evaluation is not fully recognized.
The complexity of information system evaluation is determined by many factors, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, the high risk and uncertainty of information system development make it difficult to determine the cost, schedule and completion deadline; Secondly, the benefits of information system are scattered, that is, the beneficiaries of information system include many objects, which increases the complexity of evaluating its benefits; Thirdly, after the information system is put into use, it has been integrated into the organization and business process of the enterprise, and the actual impact on the enterprise is difficult to subdivide or even evaluate independently; In particular, the intangible benefits, indirect benefits, long-term benefits and lagging benefits generated after the completion of the information system cannot be directly measured. In addition, there are many subjects involved in the information system, and the content of evaluation may be quite different. At different stages of evaluation, the applicable evaluation methods are different. Evaluators should fully realize the complexity of information system evaluation and pay attention to key and core issues when considering problems. Give up if it has nothing to do with the evaluation purpose or has little to do with it, and you can't "grab your eyebrows and beard". This can not only simplify the evaluation, but also ensure that the evaluation results are closer to the essence of the problem because all key and core issues are considered. At the same time, the evaluation work will be carried out in an orderly manner because of careful consideration in advance.
Thirdly, paying too much attention to the rationality and regularity of the evaluation process leads to the decrease of the operability of the evaluation.
In the process of information system evaluation, it is also a common phenomenon to pay too much attention to the rationality and regularity of the project evaluation process, but not to the operability of the information system evaluation method. In fact, no matter which evaluation method is chosen, whether it is operable or not is one of the important criteria to measure its scientificity. In practice, some evaluators put a lot of energy into the determination of quantitative indicators and the selection of mathematical models, while ignoring the operability of evaluation methods, leading to evaluation failure or ... & gt
Question 6: What is the purpose and significance of performance appraisal? First, several factors affecting performance management
1, I don't know why performance appraisal is needed.
At present, the assessment purpose of most enterprises is not clear, some are for assessment, and some are even for bonus or deduction of employees' performance salary and bonus. Neither the enterprise appraiser nor the examinee fully and clearly realize that performance appraisal is only a management tool, and it is not a management purpose in itself.
At the same time, the unscientific performance appraisal system is also manifested in the confusion and contradiction of the appraisal principles. It is irrelevant, unscientific and unreasonable in the evaluation index content, project setting and weight setting, and often only reflects the will and personal likes and dislikes of the Chief Executive. Moreover, the performance appraisal system lacks seriousness and changes at will, making it difficult to ensure the continuity and consistency of policies.
2. Lack of performance appraisal standards
At present, the performance appraisal standards of most enterprises are too vague, such as the unscientific index system, which is characterized by lack of standards, distortion of standards and difficulty in accurate quantification. It is easy to make an incomplete and impersonal judgment when evaluating the appraisee with missing or irrelevant standards, and it is difficult to convince the appraisee with fuzzy performance evaluation standards.
On the one hand, the performance appraisal managers of some companies lack experience and ability and don't know how to assess. The assessment criteria are unscientific, unreasonable and lack of basis.
On the other hand, the assessment purpose of some companies is not "people-oriented", but "money-oriented": Ms. Chen Xiaoping, a tenured professor at Foster Business School of Washington University, said in the second chapter "Paradox of Management" of Determinants of Happiness: "People-oriented" management emphasizes treating employees well and caring about all aspects of their work and life, whether it is health insurance or leisure facilities. Whether it is paid vacation or child care service, free drinks or flexible working hours, technical training or tuition reimbursement plan ... all reflect the heartfelt concern of the management of the enterprise for the growth of employees, and hope that employees will love their work more and be dedicated to their jobs, so as to improve work efficiency and performance, have more creativity and thinking about their work and create value for the development of the enterprise. The behavior caused by the business philosophy of "money first" is an extreme deduction of all aspects of employees' treatment: wages are at the bottom line, and overtime is often not paid; Punch in at work, and deduct money for being late for one minute; Deduct the bonus if you can't finish the task. There is very little training. Once it's your turn, you should sign a contract: if you leave your job within a few months after training, you should pay the training fee in full, and you can't default on a penny. If you resign before the contract expires, you must pay a fine. In a word, we can reduce labor costs, save costs and maximize enterprise benefits through various means. The harsh measures taken by the management of the enterprise will only make employees feel strongly disgusted. Deep down, it is just a simple employment relationship to distance themselves from the enterprise and understand their relationship with the enterprise. To be in such a state of mind, employees should devote themselves to the work of the enterprise with great enthusiasm and create value for the enterprise, which is simply daydreaming, which is completely impossible to achieve.
3. Employees lack understanding of the performance appraisal system.
Some enterprises do not pay attention to timely, meticulous and effective communication with employees when formulating and implementing new performance systems. Employees' unclear management thought and behavior orientation to the performance appraisal system often leads to all kinds of misinterpretation and hostility, which strongly questions the scientific, practical, effective and objective fairness of the implemented performance system and leads to psychological and operational distortion of the understanding of the system.
Of course, there are many factors that affect performance management, such as formalization of assessment process, improper selection of assessment methods, improper use of assessment resources, and no feedback on assessment results.
Second, the purpose and significance of performance management
The purpose and practical significance of performance appraisal is for the progress of enterprises and employees, not just for the planning and design of salary system; The fundamental purpose of performance management is to improve the performance ability of organizations and employees. In addition to serving as the basis of salary and bonus distribution, it has more abundant uses:
1, achieve the company's goals through performance management.
Performance management is the most direct bridge between employees' personal behavior and organizational goals. For example, 20 10, our company wants to achieve the sales volume of 1 100 million in yi county, Huangshan City. Our company has a total of five sales staff, so after decomposition, it is the sales target of 20 million per capita. In order to achieve this sales target, the sales staff must sell at least 100 sets of commercial housing (each set is about 200,000 yuan on average) ... >>
Question 7: How to understand the teaching value and significance of goal, evaluation and emotion? My understanding of evaluation is this. In recent years, the majority of front-line educators have been exploring and trying to produce a new teaching evaluation method with the new curriculum as the background. It permeates the process of classroom teaching, and it is a process of processing and evaluating all kinds of information displayed by students in classroom teaching. It is an indispensable part in the teaching process and directly affects students. As a timely and effective way of communication between teachers and students, classroom evaluation runs through mathematics classroom teaching. Timely, accurate, positive and effective "instant evaluation" method not only plays an important role in guiding and inspiring mathematics classroom teaching, but also promotes students' self-awareness and self-confidence and can promote students' development more efficiently. The value and significance of emotional education I understand is that it is a bridge to students' inner world. In the education of students, the mastery of knowledge, the development of ability or the cultivation of moral character are closely related to students' emotional experience, that is, the so-called "love their teachers and believe in their ways". "Touching people, don't worry about love first." Teachers care for students with positive emotions, and students will have sympathy for others through "empathy", which are conducive to cultivating students' love for others and the collective, and can promote the generation of students' good emotions and the cultivation of healthy personality. In the usual teaching, if we can make good use of emotional education, we can correctly guide and promote students' thinking, and students can form a sound personality, which is conducive to mobilizing students' enthusiasm for learning and allowing them to experience the joy of harvest in their study.
Question 8: What is the evaluation formed in the teaching process (1) According to the different functions of evaluation in teaching activities, teaching evaluation can be divided into three types: diagnostic evaluation, formative evaluation and summative evaluation. [2] Diagnostic evaluation Diagnostic evaluation refers to the definitive evaluation of the learning preparation of the evaluation object before the start of teaching activities, so as to take corresponding measures to make the teaching plan smoothly and effectively implemented. The implementation time of diagnostic evaluation is usually at the beginning of the course, the beginning of the semester, the beginning of the school year or when needed in the teaching process. There are two main functions: first, to determine the degree of preparation of students for learning. Second, properly arrange students. Formative evaluation Formative evaluation is an evaluation of students' academic performance in order to adjust and improve teaching activities and ensure the realization of teaching objectives in the teaching process. The main purpose of formative assessment is to improve and perfect the teaching process. The steps are as follows: ① Determine the objectives and contents of formative learning unit, and analyze its key points and hierarchical relationship. ② Implement formative test. The test includes all key points of the unit under test. After the examination, teachers should analyze the results in time and work with students to improve and consolidate teaching. ③ Implement parallelism test. Its purpose is to review and consolidate what students have learned, ensure mastery, and lay a foundation for later study. Summative evaluation Summative evaluation is based on the pre-set teaching objectives, and evaluates the degree to which the evaluation object achieves the objectives, that is, the teaching effect. Summative evaluation focuses on students' overall mastery of a subject, with a high degree of generalization and a wide range of tests, which are often carried out in the middle or end of the semester with few times. According to the evaluation criteria: (1) target reference evaluation (2) norm reference evaluation. (2) According to the different evaluation methods and standards, it can be divided into relative evaluation and absolute evaluation. [3] Relativity evaluation Relativity evaluation method is an evaluation method that selects one or several objects from the evaluation objects * * * as the benchmark, compares the rest with the benchmark, sorts them, and compares the advantages and disadvantages. Relative evaluation method is convenient for students to judge their own position in mutual comparison and stimulate their sense of competition. Absolute evaluation Absolute evaluation method is an evaluation method that determines an objective standard outside the * * * of the evaluated object, compares the evaluated object with this objective standard, and judges its achievement degree. Absolute evaluation sets objective standards other than the evaluation object and examines whether the teaching objectives are achieved, which can prompt students to have clear goals, take the initiative to learn, and find the gaps in time and adjust themselves according to the evaluation results, which has obvious educational significance.
Question 9: What is the role of the evaluation of students' learning process in teaching evaluation? Teaching process is not only the process of knowledge acquisition, but also the process of emotional communication between teachers and students. In particular, the evaluation of students not only affects the feelings of teachers and students, but also affects the development of students. Good and positive evaluation is the driving force for students' healthy growth. It is of great significance to make good use of evaluation in the teaching process.
In the past, I didn't pay much attention to the evaluation of students in teaching, and I always felt that students were not talented and smart. Until one day, my preschool children happily said to me with a score of 100; "The teacher praised me." Only then did I realize the importance of evaluation to children. It is not that students are not clever, but that teachers are not sure. It's because I didn't use the evaluation of students well in the teaching process and ignored their needs. Therefore, in the future teaching, I must meet the following requirements for the evaluation of students.
First, the significance of learning evaluation to students.
Learn educational theory and understand the significance of evaluation. Especially the effect of evaluation on students' development. And how to evaluate students.
Second, give more positive comments.
Positive evaluation can stimulate students' learning, build self-confidence, and enhance the feelings between teachers and students.
Third, the evaluation should be targeted.
In the process of teaching, giving appropriate evaluation to different students will get good results. For poor students, we should pay more attention to their excellent performance and give positive comments in time.
Fourth, the way of evaluation.
The evaluation methods should be flexible and diverse, including teacher evaluation, group evaluation and mutual evaluation between teachers and students.
Fifth, improve the evaluation mechanism.
In order to achieve the purpose of evaluation, a perfect evaluation mechanism is needed. Only in this way can we evaluate students reasonably and properly.
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