Tisch
First, the purpose of internship
Go deep into the production line to observe and investigate, gain the necessary perceptual knowledge, make yourself fully understand the production organization form and production process of machine tool plant, understand and master the production practice knowledge of this major, and consolidate and deepen the theoretical knowledge learned. By analyzing the machining process of typical parts and the process equipment such as machine tools, fixtures and measuring tools used in the machining of parts, we combine theoretical knowledge with practice, so that our ability to investigate, analyze and solve problems can be effectively improved.
Second, the internship requirements
According to the products of the internship factory, several typical parts are selected as the internship objects. Through the study of typical parts processing technology, master the characteristics of various machine parts processing technology, and understand the working principle, mechanism and positioning method of machine tools, tools and fixtures used in factories.
Third, internship arrangements.
(1): Get to know the general situation of the workshop and workpieces in the first week.
(2): In the first week, the processing technology of six parts of universal rocker milling machine was analyzed.
Fourth, the internship content
When machining a workpiece on a machine tool, the workpiece must be clamped by a fixture. Loading the workpiece is to determine the correct position of the workpiece relative to the tool on the machine tool. This process is called positioning. Clamping the workpiece is to apply force to the workpiece, so that it can reliably clamp the workpiece in a set position. This process is called clamping. The whole process from positioning to clamping is called clamping.
There are two clamping methods: alignment clamping method and clamping method. The method of positioning the upright fixture is to correctly position the workpiece with a marking needle or indicator based on the relevant surface of the workpiece or a specially marked line mark. Then clamp the workpiece in a vice, and align it with the marking according to the machining line marked on the side. The purpose of clamping is to prevent the workpiece from displacement or vibration under the action of cutting force, gravity and inertia force, so as not to destroy the positioning of the workpiece. Performance.
The task of workpiece positioning in the fixture is to make a batch of workpieces in the same process occupy the correct position in the fixture. The essence of workpiece positioning is to limit the degree of freedom that affects machining.
A summary of verb (abbreviation of verb) practice
The ten-day internship is over. I visited the company and learned a lot under the guidance of teachers and factory technicians. Let me have a new understanding and understanding of many things that I don't understand in textbooks through practical observation. In this era of science and technology, there are many kinds of high-tech products, and their production processes and processes are also different, but no matter what kind of products, from raw material processing to finished products, they all follow certain production principles and are completed by some main equipment and processes. Therefore, in the process of professional practice, we should first understand its production principle, make clear the production process and the structure and operation of main equipment. Secondly, under the guidance of professionals, through the design, production and development of internship products, we will initially cultivate our knowledge application ability.
After training, my working ability has been improved accordingly. This internship made me feel the application of what I have learned for the first time. The combination of theory and practice has opened our eyes, and it is also a preliminary test of what we have learned before! This visit and internship will really benefit us in our future study and job search. At the same time, it also made me realize the hardships of work. During the whole visit, we went from rough machining to finish machining, from small machine tools to large machine tools. I fully realized the whole process of a mechanical product, from scratch, and felt the shock and feeling brought by this major for the first time.
extreme
Through the production practice in xx Machine Tool Factory in xx City, and the observation and investigation in the first line of production, I can gain the necessary perceptual knowledge, make myself fully understand the production organization form and production process of xx Machine Tool Factory, understand and master the actual production knowledge of this major, consolidate and deepen the theoretical knowledge I have learned, and lay a solid foundation for the teaching, curriculum design and graduation design of subsequent professional courses.
1. In the internship process, through the analysis of the processing technology of typical parts and the process equipment such as machine tools, fixtures and measuring tools used in parts processing, we combine theoretical knowledge with practice, so that our ability to investigate, analyze and solve problems can be effectively improved.
2. Through internship, I got in touch with workers extensively, listened to the special reports of workers' technicians, and learned their good experience in increasing production, technological innovation and achievements, practical experience, and their selfless dedication in the machinery industry.
By visiting xx Machine Tool Factory, you can master the whole production process, organization and management, equipment selection and workshop layout of a machine tool from blank to product, thus expanding your knowledge and broadening your horizons.
4. By writing an internship diary and an internship report, exercise and cultivate your ability to observe problems, analyze problems and collect and sort out technical data.
First, the requirements of production practice
In order to achieve the above internship purposes, the contents and requirements of production internship are:
1. Machining of mechanical parts
According to the products of the internship factory, several typical parts are selected as the internship objects. Through the study of typical parts processing technology, we can master the characteristics of various machine parts processing technology, understand the working principle, mechanism and positioning mode of machine tools, tools and fixtures used in factories, and on this basis, specify several typical parts for key analysis and research. The requirements are as follows:
(1) Read and consult the part drawings and processing drawings of typical parts, understand the functions and working conditions of parts in machine tools, structural characteristics and requirements of parts, and analyze the processing procedures and processes of parts.
(2) Understand roughly the manufacturing process of the blank, and find out the parting (die) surface of the cast (forged) parts and profiles.
(3) Have a deep understanding of the manufacturing process of the parts and what treatment is needed before the parts are manufactured, and understand the on-site processing technology;
(4) Further analyze the processing procedures and processes of the main parts, and make process cards and process cards.
2. Assembly process
(1) Understand the organizational form of mechanical assembly, assembly technology and methods, and the requirements of accuracy, parallelism and verticality that should be paid attention to in the assembly process.
(2) Understand the advantages and disadvantages of assembly methods and how to avoid them; As well as the assembly method, use types and requirements.
(3) Understand the working principle, structural characteristics and usage of typical assembly tools in assembly methods.
3. Basic knowledge; Characteristics and application range of milling.
(1) Basic structure and machining range of universal milling machine with rocker arm.
(2) Type, structure, application and installation of milling cutter in rocker universal milling machine.
(3) Working principle, processing method and application of common accessories of rocker universal milling machine.
(4) Installation and positioning mode of workpiece of rocker universal milling machine.
(5) Milling methods, dimensions, some important precision tests and the selection of milling parameters for plane and groove guide surfaces.
Second, the production practice schedule
(1) Get to know the general situation of workshop and workpiece in week X.
(2) The processing technology of six parts is analyzed in X week.
Third, the content of production practice
1. The main feature of rocker universal milling machine is that it can rotate at any angle, and the application situation is generally single piece and small batch production;
2. The six parts of the rocker universal milling machine are cantilever beam, turntable, lathe bed, workbench, saddle and lifting table; The guide rail of milling machine is divided into displacement guide rail and sliding guide rail, in which the sliding guide rail needs quenching treatment, and generally the longer guide rail needs quenching;
3. When milling gears, the rocker universal milling machine needs to install the dividing head, and when loading the cutter, the cutter is closely combined with the conical surface of the spindle, which is not easy to deform; At the same time, the 7: 24 taper of milling machine cannot be self-locked, while the Morse taper can be self-locked.
4. The processing efficiency of shaper is low. To process narrow and long-face workpieces, universal grinder can grind shaft outer cylinders, holes and conical surfaces; And handle other things;
4. Attention: parallelism, flatness, accuracy, etc. When machining the workbench; The surface of the workbench needs quenching treatment; When installing, it is necessary to adjust the accuracy with a dial indicator, and the accuracy adjustment should be compared with the national standard;
5. Install the upper and lower semicircles of the saddle bearing on the boring machine before machining;
6. The purpose of designing labyrinth oil groove between lifting platforms is to make lubricating oil not easy to benefit, so that the workbench can be effectively lubricated;
7. The universal rocker milling machine moves the lead screw in the X-axis direction, and the nut does not move; The screw rod in the Y-axis direction does not move, but the nut moves; The screw rod moves in the Z-axis direction, but the nut does not move; When the screw does not move and the nut does not move, it is a stuck phenomenon;
8. Different characteristics of milling machine and planer for machining workpieces: the milling machine is used for machining large curved surfaces (such as the bottom surface), and the machining efficiency is high; Machining T-shaped groove and narrow long surface (such as guide rail surface) by planer;
9. The datum plane of rough grinding and fine grinding is unified, and it is in contact with the dial indicator when positioning. If there is a problem with the accuracy of the machine tool itself, it is necessary to manually adjust the accuracy;
10. Clamping is closely related to the size of the hole, the area of the contact surface and whether the horizontal plane is horizontal;
1 1. Generally, the workbench is processed by casting blank, and the material number is ht250. Only the first step, clamping (marking) is divided into two steps: first, mark the edge line and center line of the table on the basis of marking; Second, the rest are required to draw allowance processing lines around; This process is completed in a large workshop and processed on a milling machine or planer;
12. There are two kinds of guide surfaces of lifting platform: horizontal guide surface and vertical guide surface;
13. Over-travel groove of grinding wheel: set for convenience of machining. The grinding wheel overtravel groove is machined on the planer; The purpose of setting is to prevent tool damage when machining dovetail guide rail;
13. Efficiency, cost and accuracy need to be considered when processing workpieces, and the specific requirements depend on the factory situation;
14. When machining a workpiece on a machine tool, the workpiece must be clamped by a fixture. Loading the workpiece is to determine the correct position of the workpiece relative to the tool on the machine tool. This process is called positioning. Clamping the workpiece is to apply force to the workpiece, so that it can reliably clamp the workpiece in a set position. This process is called clamping. The whole process from positioning to clamping is called clamping.
15 ... There are two clamping methods for workpieces, namely, straight-ahead clamping method and fixture clamping method. Alignment (the clamping method is to position the workpiece correctly with a marking needle or indicator according to the relevant surface of the workpiece or specially drawn line marks, and then clamp the workpiece in a vice, and align it with a marking needle according to the machining line marks drawn on the side.
16. Overview of working clamping:
The purpose of clamping is to prevent the workpiece from displacement or vibration under the action of cutting force, gravity and inertia force, so as not to destroy the positioning of the workpiece. Therefore, a correctly designed clamping mechanism should meet the following basic requirements:
(1) Clamping shall not destroy the correct positioning of the workpiece;
(2) The clamping device should have sufficient rigidity;
(3) The surface of the workpiece should not be damaged during clamping, and the workpiece should not be deformed beyond the allowable range;
(4) The required clamping effect can be obtained with a small clamping force;
(5) Good manufacturability, simple structure and convenient manufacture, maintenance and operation on the premise of ensuring productivity. Manual clamping mechanism should have self-locking performance.
17. The task of workpiece positioning in the fixture is to make a batch of workpieces in the same process occupy the correct position in the fixture. The essence of workpiece positioning is to limit the degree of freedom that affects machining.
18. Processing technology of the plastic-coated guide rail in the processing center: roughening, sliding milling, drying, gluing and final compaction, generally 48 hours;
19. When testing whether the dovetail is 55 degrees, contact grinding (coloring method) should be standardized;
20. Whether the working face is level or not requires level detection. Put the level gauge on the bridge plate end to end and measure it in turn;
2 1. If there are sand inclusions and air holes in the trimmed important working face, drill them out first and then plug them;
22. When introducing the measurement of the flatness of the workbench, first establish an imaginary plane, and put three equal-height blocks on it, which requires a level and an adjustable measuring block, as shown in the figure:
23. Blue treatment: forced oxidation measures;
24. The grinding wheel of the lifting platform must be processed before quenching, because the workpiece is difficult to process after quenching;
25. Machining the workbench first, and then machining the guide rail surface based on the workbench;
26. Boring machine fixture Boring machine fixture, also known as boring die, is a kind of precision fixture, which is mainly used to process holes or hole systems on box parts.
27. Boring machine fixture is composed of main parts, which should be composed of fixture body, positioning device, clamping device, guide bracket with guide elements, sleeve, boring bar and other main parts.
28. The common forms of workpiece positioning on boring machine fixture are cylindrical hole, outer cylindrical surface, plane and V-shaped surface, and the joint positioning of cylindrical pin and V-shaped guide surface, cylindrical pin and plane and vertical surface.
29. The main type of jig is called jig, which is mainly used to process holes and threads. It mainly consists of a drill sleeve, a drill template and a clamp body of a positioning and clamping device.
The above is what I learned during my internship, far more than what I knew at school. After this internship, I feel that I am one step closer to entering a formal job. I will be more strict with myself and let myself go up a storey still higher.
Tisso
The three-day locksmith training is over. Although we are very tired in training, we are very happy because we have learned a lot of useful things and also exercised our practical ability. Although the training period is only two weeks, it is only a small part of our three-year college life, but it is a very important part. It's hard for us to forget. After all, it is a real experience of society and life.
As college students, after more than ten years of theoretical study, we have been told more than once that there is a gap between theoretical knowledge and practice, but we have never taken this sentence seriously and have no chance to verify the actual gap. Locksmith training gives us an opportunity to master knowledge and feel the workshop atmosphere without the rigorous environment in the classroom. The studious eyes of the students and the careful and patient operation of the instructor constitute the common scenery in the workshop. After staying in class for a long time, we feel the importance of practical ability. You can't finish the actual work just by thinking and thinking with your head. Only when you have a scientific knowledge system and master the practical ability, including the continuous accumulation of mechanical operation and experience, can you apply what you have learned to practical work flexibly and effectively. Fitter training is an effective way to cultivate students' practical ability.
To carry out locksmith training, safety issues must be put in the first place. Through the teacher's explanation, we learned about the dangerous operation actions that students are easy to make in practice. For example, fooling around in the workshop, operating the machine tool without the permission of the master, incorrect operation method and posture, and so on. An unintentional action or a small negligence may lead to mechanical accidents or even personal safety accidents.
Through this locksmith training, I learned the basic knowledge and operation methods of metalworking. Mainly studied the following aspects of knowledge and operating procedures.
A, safety technology operating procedures
(a), before entering the factory, must wear work clothes, girls must wear a working hat for training before entering the factory.
(2) Before going to work, don't drink, don't wear slippers and high heels, and don't fight.
(3) Don't touch the electricity with wet hands, and don't touch the three incoming wires above the air switch.
(4), smell the smell of coke, hear the sound, see the smoke, should immediately stop, cut off the power supply, report to the teacher, to be processed before operation.
Second, the locksmith safety technology operating procedures
(1) When filing, don't touch the working face with your hands to avoid slipping and injury, and don't blow iron filings with your mouth to avoid flying into your eyes and injury.
(2) Don't use the grinder without authorization. If you want to use it, you can operate it under the guidance of the teacher. People should stand on the side, the workpiece must be clamped firmly, and the force should not be too great.
(3), drilling, it is forbidden to wear gloves, the workpiece must be clamped.
(4) During the training, the tools should be put in order, and the tools and measuring tools should be put away after the training, and the hygiene should be improved.
Third, the fitter theory and tasks
This course is an integrated course of theory and practice for mechanical and electromechanical majors, a compulsory course for basic skills training, and an important teaching link for cultivating students to master the basic operating skills of fitters and become familiar with the basic knowledge of fitters. Fitter is an extremely important and indispensable type of work in modern industry. Its task is to enable students to have the mechanical common sense and fitter skills of this major, and initially form the ability to solve practical problems related to mechanical knowledge of this major, so as to lay the foundation for learning other professional knowledge and vocational skills.
Its contents include: scribing, chiseling, filing, sawing, drilling, countersinking, reaming, tapping, filing, scraping, grinding, correcting, bending and riveting, as well as basic measurement skills and simple heat treatment, and installation, maintenance and debugging of equipment and components. Its task is to enable students to fully grasp the process knowledge and operation skills required by intermediate fitters, and to have the ability to write the fitter's processing technology of parts with medium complexity and complete its processing independently.
Fourth, the teaching objectives of the training course
According to the key requirements of the syllabus, students should be trained and exercised from three aspects:
(A) knowledge mastery point
1. Understand the position of locksmith in industrial production.
2. Master the basic knowledge of fitter and fitter process theory.
3. Master the use of common locksmith tools, measuring tools and equipment.
(2) Key points of ability training
1. Focus on mastering the basic skills of locksmith processing, and be able to perform basic locksmith processing according to drawings;
2. Be able to understand the general mechanical drawings within the professional scope.
3. Able to correctly debug, maintain and use the simple equipment, common tools, measuring tools and fixtures of the fitter.
4. Be able to complete the disassembly method and assembly skills of simple parts according to the drawings.
5. Understand the basic operation methods of locksmith.
(3) Key points of quality training
1. Cultivate students to form the habit of safe and civilized production.
2. Cultivate students' awareness of safety and quality and strengthen their awareness of professional ethics.
3. Cultivate students' behavior habits and hard-working spirit, and stimulate students' interest in locksmiths.
4. Have a style of study that loves science and is realistic, and have a sense of innovation and spirit;
V. Practical teaching content
(1) Introduction to Locksmiths
Familiar with common equipment (vice, vice, grinder, drilling machine, etc.). ) In the fitter's workplace, understand the tasks of fitter training and keep in mind the safety technical rules of fitter training. Know what a locksmith is and its classification; Cultivate students' interest; Understand the work tasks of locksmith in factory production; Understand the equipment of fitter training site and the tools commonly used in the operation of this type of work; Understand the rules and regulations of the training site and the requirements of safe and civilized production; Understand the locksmith's learning methods;
(2) Common measuring tools
Understand the types and length unit standards of common measuring tools, and master the use and maintenance methods of vernier calipers.
(3) Underline
Understand the types of marking, be familiar with marking tools and their usage, master the basic marking methods, and be able to draw the plane of general parts. Clear the underline when the size error of plane line drawing is not more than 0.3mm; Cultivate hands-on ability;
(4) Chiseling and heat treatment
Familiar with cutting tools, their use and heat treatment, able to cut plates and bars correctly and cut planes with low technical requirements.
(5) sawing
Can use hand saw and master the methods and essentials of sawing plates, bars and pipes. Master the structure of hand saw; Master the selection and installation method of saw blade; Master the correct sawing operation posture to achieve a certain sawing accuracy; Familiar with the reasons and preventive methods of saw blade fracture; Master the use of steel tape measure and height vernier caliper;
(6) filing
Master the type, structure and selection method of files. Master the posture and action of standing when filing the plane; Master the method of applying force with both hands when filing; Master the use of knife edge ruler, knife edge angle ruler and vernier caliper; Master the knowledge of safety and civilization in file maintenance and filing. Master the maintenance methods of knife-edge ruler, knife-edge angle ruler, vernier caliper and feeler gauge.