Compared with pre-service normal education, the goal of on-the-job training (further study) for technicians in primary and secondary schools is much more complicated. This complex and diverse training goal determines the diversity of training modes. As far as the current situation is concerned, the main models of on-the-job training for primary and secondary school teachers abroad are: on-the-job training based on curriculum; School-based on-the-job training; School-centered (or school-oriented) on-the-job training; Cooperative training between universities and primary and secondary schools; Use the "teaching method center" for training and so on. Curriculum-based on-the-job training "Curriculum-based on-the-job training" is a traditional on-the-job training model. This model is widely used in all countries to train in-service primary and secondary school teachers. This kind of training is divided into "long-term course" training and "short-term" training according to time. "Academic training" and "degree training" both belong to this category. This course-based on-the-job training is generally carried out according to the courses and teaching materials decided by the training institutions, and knowledge and skills are mainly taught by lectures (or TV or correspondence). Among them, "long-term course" training usually lasts for one to three years, and certificates are issued after graduation, while "short-term" training only lasts for a few weeks or months, and generally no certificates are issued. The advantages of this training mode are that students can systematically learn the theoretical knowledge of some courses and improve their theoretical level and academic qualifications; Its disadvantage is that students are in a passive acceptance position.