Our government attaches great importance to marine environmental protection and ship pollution prevention, and has long been committed to establishing a trinity of "prevention, emergency response and compensation" ship oil spill emergency management model.

(a) continue to build a long-term system to deal with accidents.

1. Strengthen ship safety inspection.

Over the years, the Maritime Safety Administration of the Ministry of Communications has always attached importance to ship safety inspection, and it is necessary to intensify the inspection, focus on improving the inspection quality, further improve the safety status of ships sailing along the coast, and severely rectify low-standard ships.

Since 2003, the total number of port state supervision and inspection of foreign ships in China has remained at around 4,000, and the total number of defects investigated during inspection has increased by 67.29%, and the number of stranded ships has increased by 95.38%. The total number of safety inspections of registered coastal transport vessels in China has not changed much. The total number of defects investigated has increased by 23.2 1%, and the number of stranded vessels has increased by 254.87%.

2. Strengthen water traffic management to reduce ship accidents.

In recent years, the Maritime Safety Administration of the Ministry of Communications has increased investment and built 24 ship traffic management systems and 65 radar stations in coastal and Yangtze waters. Ship routing system has been implemented in key waters such as Chengshantou waters, Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River, Pearl River estuary, Yangtze River estuary and Three Gorges reservoir area. By strengthening ship traffic management, accidents such as ship collision and grounding have been effectively reduced.

3. Carry out special rectification.

In view of the outstanding problems affecting water traffic safety, the Maritime Safety Administration of the Ministry of Communications has carried out in-depth special rectification to improve the water traffic safety environment. Through the special rectification of low-quality ships, more than 10,000 shipyards 1 10,000 were inspected nationwide, 303 were shut down and transferred, 29 1 ship was rectified, and 406 were being rectified, which improved the level of China's shipbuilding industry. Through the 100-day special rectification campaign for ships carrying dangerous goods, 2845 times of container unpacking inspection were carried out, and hidden dangerous goods 120 boxes were seized; Check 2 156 liquid cargo terminals and 32 unqualified terminals; 24 105 small oil tankers were inspected, of which 235 were stranded, which improved the safety of ships carrying dangerous goods.

4. Strengthen tanker management

At present, there are still a certain number of single-hull tankers along the coast of China. The technical conditions, crew quality, communication and navigation level of these ships are relatively low, and the risk of oil spill accidents is high. Therefore, the Maritime Safety Administration of the Ministry of Communications should take comprehensive measures to strengthen the management of oil tankers. First, strictly implement the regulations formulated by the International Maritime Organization to eliminate single-hull tankers; Second, it is forbidden to import foreign single-hull tankers; Third, formulate policies to speed up the elimination of domestic single-hull tankers and old tankers, and comprehensively improve the overall safety level of China's tanker fleet.

(two) to strengthen the construction of ship oil spill emergency system, effectively deal with ship pollution accidents.

In recent years, China has earnestly implemented the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as OPRCl990), established a national oil spill emergency response system, carried out international oil spill emergency cooperation, and continuously improved China's oil spill emergency response capability.

The construction of ship oil spill emergency system and the emergency treatment of ship oil spill accidents in China are mainly undertaken by the Maritime Safety Administration of the Ministry of Communications and the coastal provincial and municipal governments. Over the years, the Maritime Safety Administration of the Ministry of Communications and the local governments of coastal provinces and cities have comprehensively strengthened the construction of China's ship oil spill emergency management system under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development and the relevant national environmental protection policies, and improved the emergency response capability of major ship pollution accidents in China; A number of major oil spill accidents from ships were successfully handled, which effectively guaranteed the cleanliness of the marine environment and the safety of life and property, and actively promoted the sustainable development of the shipping economy.

1. Initially establish a ship oil spill emergency plan system.

Emergency plan is an action guide for ship oil spill emergency response and a programmatic document in the ship oil spill emergency system. The emergency plan basically covers the responsibilities of various departments, the distribution of sensitive resources within the jurisdiction, the composition of emergency forces and emergency action procedures.

In order to implement the relevant requirements of the OPRCl990 Convention and the Marine Environment Law, the Maritime Safety Administration of the Ministry of Communications has carried out the construction of emergency plan systems at all levels nationwide, and has basically completed the construction of national, provincial, port and ship emergency plan systems at four levels.

On April 1 day, 2000, the Ministry of Communications and the State Environmental Protection Administration jointly issued and implemented the China Oil Spill Emergency Plan. In 2004, according to the requirements of the State Council to formulate relevant emergency plans, the Ministry of Communications made major revisions on the basis of the original China Ship Oil Spill Emergency Plan, and formulated the China National Emergency Plan for Ship-Contaminated Waters, which expanded the applicable area from the sea to all waters, and expanded the applicable pollutant categories from oil pollution to oil pollution and toxic and harmful chemicals.

The China Emergency Plan for Ship-polluted Waters is a programmatic document for the construction of the ship oil spill emergency plan system in China. Under its guidance, by the end of 2006, five provincial-level emergency plans for ship pollution in Shanghai, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and Zhejiang and three1coastal cities had been promulgated and implemented by local governments. According to the requirements of the Maritime Safety Administration of the Ministry of Communications, China will complete the preparation of emergency plans for all coastal provinces and cities by the end of 2008.

According to the requirements of the Convention, ships on international routes and domestic routes in China completed the emergency plan for oil pollution on board in 1995 and 1996 respectively, and ships carrying toxic and harmful liquid chemicals completed the emergency plan for marine pollution on board in 5438+0 in 2006. At the same time, in order to better implement international conventions and strengthen international contacts and cooperation, China and neighboring countries and regions have jointly studied and compiled the Northwest Pacific Regional Action Plan, which has now come into effect. In order to better integrate domestic resources and strengthen domestic regional cooperation, the Maritime Safety Administration of the Ministry of Communications presided over the preparation and implementation of cooperative action plans such as the Emergency Plan for Marine Oil Spill in the Pearl River Estuary Region, the Emergency Cooperation Plan for Ship Oil Pollution in Taiwan Province Strait Waters, and the Emergency Cooperation Mechanism for Ship Pollution in Bohai Sea.

The completion of these emergency plans provides institutional guarantee for the comprehensive construction of China's ship oil spill emergency system.

2. Establish the organization and management of ship oil spill emergency response.

The organization and management of ship oil spill emergency refers to the specialized agencies that organize the construction of emergency system and coordinate the emergency response actions of oil spill accidents. At present, all the coastal ports in China have set up specialized organizations and command bodies for ship oil spill emergency response, some coastal provinces and cities have set up ship oil spill emergency centers, and some provinces and cities have linked oil spill emergency response functions with maritime search and rescue centers, and set up oil spill emergency sub-centers, with the central offices generally located in local maritime departments.

From 1973 to 2006, among the 69 major ship pollution accidents in China, various maritime departments, oil spill centers or sub-centers undertook the organization, command and decision-making, and organized and implemented emergency actions, which achieved good results and ensured the rapid and efficient emergency actions.

3. Establish a ship oil spill monitoring system.

Oil spill monitoring system refers to a monitoring network that undertakes the function of oil spill monitoring at sea and provides information support for accident discovery, oil spill tracking and emergency decision-making. It is an indispensable part of the oil spill emergency system. The Maritime Safety Administration of the Ministry of Communications, as the competent authority for the prevention and control of ship pollution in China, has branches or agencies in major coastal and inland ports throughout the country, forming a ship oil spill monitoring system covering the whole sea area. On the basis of traditional ship cruising, the maritime administrative department has built 24 ship traffic management systems along the coast and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, set up closed-circuit television monitoring systems in major coastal ports, and gradually explored the use of a number of modern application technologies such as computer oil spill diffusion model, satellite remote sensing monitoring and helicopter aerial monitoring, which expanded the monitoring means of ship pollution and improved the accuracy of oil spill monitoring.

4. Build an emergency equipment library to provide technical support for emergency operations.

At present, China has successively built two national oil spill emergency equipment depots in Yantai and Qinhuangdao, and established an emergency technical exchange demonstration center. The two centers are equipped with satellite monitoring system, monitoring system and oil spill removal control system respectively, as well as advanced surface oil spill recovery vessels, various oil collectors, oil booms of various specifications, oil absorption materials and oil spill storage equipment. And carry out oil spill monitoring and oil fingerprint identification, as well as satellite remote sensing and aerial remote sensing of oil spill on the sea surface. The establishment of the two centers has enabled China to have a medium-scale oil spill control and clearance capacity in the northern waters, and provided strong technical support for the oil spill emergency work in China.

Coastal provinces and cities have also given full play to their subjective initiative and carried out various forms of emergency force construction. Some provinces and cities, led by local governments, have invested in the construction of large-scale emergency equipment warehouses. Some provinces and cities actively guide the development and growth of local professional cleaning companies through policy support. Some provinces and cities have strengthened the training and management of part-time emergency forces of port and shipping enterprises, and made good integration to form a joint force. For example, in Shenzhen, in the absence of state capital investment, the maritime department manages the ship pollution emergency team according to market rules, and the social professional clean-up units, mainly Hilong, Longshan, Hangpeng and Lin Yashi, are the backbone of Shenzhen's marine pollution emergency, which makes the Shenzhen sea area have the emergency ability to resist 50-ton oil spill accidents. The four companies operate in full accordance with the market mechanism, and each company has established a professional decontamination team and an anti-pollution emergency equipment library, and some even established an emergency base with a total area of 2,500 square meters.

According to statistics, by the end of 2006, China's coastal emergency capacity included: 260,000 meters of oil booms, 30/kloc-0 oil collectors, 520 tons of oil-absorbing felt and 260 tons of oil dispersant. Major coastal ports have basically possessed the emergency ability to control and eliminate oil spill accidents of small and medium-sized ships in port areas and coastal waters.

5. Carry out exercises continuously to improve actual combat capability.

Since 1980 held the first international oil pollution emergency training course in Beijing, the maritime department has organized pollution prevention and emergency training for ships of different sizes in major coastal ports every year, including three oil spill emergency trainings in cooperation with the International Maritime Organization and East Asia Emergency Company. The Maritime Safety Administration of the Ministry of Communications organized five large-scale maritime oil spill emergency drills, including the "6.5" maritime rescue and oil spill emergency drill in the Pearl River Estuary in 2000 and the joint search and rescue drill in the South China Sea in 2004. Through these efforts, China has trained a number of oil spill emergency commanders and relatively skilled cleanup workers, effectively improving the emergency response capability of oil spill at sea.

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