First of all, the assessment process of the American Heart Association does not actually apply to all emergencies-or it is not the best method in emergencies. ? Strictly speaking, the American Heart Association judges reaction, not consciousness. Simple and rude shouting+patting the shoulder can obviously only be divided into reactivity and non-reactivity. Consciousness can be divided into lethargy, lethargy, shallow coma, moderate coma and deep coma, and there are many grading methods. To judge the level of consciousness, emergency personnel often use two methods, AVPU and GCS. AVPU is recommended by St. John of England to ordinary people, but there are also some trauma training recommendations. However, some trauma training does not recommend the use of AVPU for emergency personnel because its quantification is not clear. If you are interested, you can learn about it. ? It is true that patients with suspected spinal injuries recommend mandibular compression, but the American Heart Association and most mainstream associations do not recommend it for ordinary people. Traumatic cardiac arrest itself is a very complicated situation. The American Heart Association does not discuss it at all in the course, and the guide is only a little long, involving many issues such as concept, etiology and technical conditions. Why not look at the guides of other trauma associations and resuscitation associations, and you may get more gains. ? Second, the American Heart Association and other associations emphasize that the risk of artificial respiration infection is extremely low. But you can do it without doing it.

? Third, it depends on local regulations and actions. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, simple trauma treatment and the use of AED by the public or medical personnel are unlikely to constitute illegal medical acts, but they may not be exempted from responsibility, depending on local laws and regulations. Some places recognize the first aid certificate, while others do not. It must be illegal to use drugs and intubation by non-medical personnel, such as ACLS. ? Finally, I would like to remind you that many questions you ask are matters needing attention on the edge of public first aid. The public is the public, and the public's first aid ability is limited. Neither the American Heart Association nor the courses organized by other associations can teach the public to deal with all emergencies. Recognize your limitations and do as you are taught in the course. Just like the American Heart Association itself, it can only focus on three major areas: cardiovascular first aid, cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular health. Non-cardiovascular first aid advice is only for the public, and other audiences such as EMT, nurse practitioner, advanced nurse practitioner, first aid physiology, etc. cannot use it. Occasionally, some ideas only appear in the Guide, and seldom appear in the course. Emergency personnel can refer to the guidelines of other associations.