Jinggu Village, with 444 households 1986 people, is an ordinary village in Kangle County, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province. The continuous Huang Tu, barren yellow land, the villagers "cultivated land to the top of the mountain and cultivated land to the horizon". It has been difficult to get rid of poverty because of the lack of technology and industry. At the end of 20 13, the incidence of poverty was as high as 3 1%.
Tackling the deep poverty of "three districts and three states", the science and technology policy accurately landed in Jinggu Village: skills training, science and technology entering households, industrial dividends ... The villagers' happy events continued one after another. "In five years, 106 households with 469 people were lifted out of poverty, and this year the whole village took off its hat." Wang Lianhai, secretary of the Party branch of Jinggu Village, is full of confidence.
How to break the bottleneck of resources?
The technological revolution has changed from relying on the weather to eating, and the dry sloping land has become a stable farmland.
The newly built village road has been extended to Daodao Mountain Ridge, and the corn in the slope is already more than one person high. The stout petiole indicates another bumper harvest year.
The deeper the poverty-stricken areas, the weaker the development ability. What can grow on a dry hillside? In recent years, the villagers have tried Chinese herbal medicines and planted fruit trees, but they are all tinkering. Wang Lianhai knew: "There is a shortage of scientific and technological talents. Without technology, Jin Gangzuan will not go up and the industry will not go up. "
The first problem of getting rid of poverty in Jinggu Village is technology.
A technological revolution has broken through the bottleneck of resources. Jinggu village popularized the dry farming technology "full-film double-ridge furrow sowing of corn". Ding, a resident science and technology reporter, said that two rows of ridges, mulching with plastic film and planting corn in ridges and ditches can not only keep the ground temperature, but also seize the sowing time and preserve moisture, which has changed the situation of relying on the weather to eat.
The land needs different planting! "Cover the film and the corn can be planted. It's amazing. " Guo Shunqing, a poor household, tried planting in that year, and the yield per mu was 1000 kg. The villagers looked at the bumper harvest and were eager to try the next year. They plowed, ridged and covered with plastic film, and followed suit.
When the dry land is harvested, the villagers are more looking forward to the "new purse".
Hou Yuxiong, a "soil expert", talked about several technologies: from soil preparation and fertilization to seedling screening and plastic film mulching, there are norms, subsoiling and ventilation, water storage and moisture conservation; Both dense planting and sparse planting should be 0.3 cm -0.5 cm. As long as it is well managed, the yield per mu can reach 800 kilograms and the benefit can reach 4000 yuan.
Use poverty alleviation policies to lay a solid industrial foundation. Land consolidation was implemented in Jinggu Village, and 2,200 mu of cultivated land was divided into small pieces and large pieces. Mechanized roads were built to turn low-yield fields into stable fields with "water, soil and fertilizer conservation".
The villagers' hearts are alive. Han Lin, a poor household, is 50 years old. He and his wife can't do heavy work, and they can't give up their land, so they can only let their son stay at home. Now it is labor-saving and worry-free. "Three points per acre" is no longer a shackle. My son will be relieved to go out to work. Lao Han's family grows angelica. "My son earns more than 5,000 yuan a month outside, much better than at home!"
Wang Lianhai admitted that Chinese herbal medicine is a poverty alleviation industry: "People in cities are paying more and more attention to health. There is no pollution here, and the genuine medicinal materials planted will definitely not be sold. "
How do new technologies land?
Let poor households become "sensible people" and grow "green banks" on the loess slope.
How to make poor households master new technologies is another difficult problem.
Yang Tianxiong, deputy head of Kangle County, said frankly that among the remaining 23,000 poor people in the county, 56% have primary school education or below. The situation in Jinggu Village is similar. Most of the old people and women left behind in the village have not read any books, so it is not easy to accept new things.
Before the spring sowing of 20 14, the village promoted the "cultivation technology of angelica sinensis by film" for the first time, held a lecture and gave subsidies, but it still hit a wall, and less than half of the people came to participate.
Zhang Huicheng, a poor household, was afraid of taking risks. He mentioned planting angelica and shook his head again and again: "I have never planted it, and I dare not plant it."
Poor households insisted on old experience, and cadres were rejected by him several times: "I only recognize diamide. You spend 60 yuan more on an acre of plastic film, and the seedlings are still less 10 kg. Don't lose money! "
"Science and technology promotion is a slow job. We must do a good job and improve the mechanism. " Hu Anjun, the captain of the resident team, believes. Task forces, village cadres, university student village officials, and science and technology commissioners plunged into the fields, making decisions according to households, helping and bringing, and explaining policies thoroughly and technologies clearly.
Zhao Gaixia, a poor household, works outside and has seen the world. She was the first person to act. "Anyway, the fertilizer is free. Try it for one year first." The science and technology correspondent taught me by hand, from open air to plastic film mulching, changing chemical fertilizer into special fertilizer and controlling insects with biotechnology. A year later, I tasted the sweetness: "The same kind of angelica, others received 1000 kg, I received 2000 kg, and other parents were 3 cm. My energy has doubled, and vendors are scrambling for it. Earned 6000 yuan an acre. "
Zhao Gaixia became a demonstrator of science and technology, and her family got rid of poverty by 10 mu of medicinal materials. When it comes to technology, it is clear: plant angelica and choose the right plot; Once every three years, before planting, the soil must be deeply loosened to more than 25 cm ... no matter who has problems, she will call.
Every household in the village takes care of each other, learns from each other and competes with each other. Zhang Huicheng is also tempted. Last spring, he took out 5 mu of land to grow angelica. "The income is good and the technology is not difficult. I planted 10 mu in one breath this year. " Lao Zhang said cheerfully, "We have become' sensible people'."
Agricultural technology promotes the full coverage of a network and makes new technologies "visible and tangible". After getting the technical understanding paper, Huang, a 52-year-old poor household, gave a thumbs up: "This technical wall chart is good, and we can understand it even if we can't read. Just follow the picture. When encountering pests, just pick up a leaf and ask the technician, and the door will be cleared immediately. "
In recent years, Jinggu Village has cultivated 106 households with 247 people, and many poor households have become "knowledgeable people" in technology. 15 practical technology was extended to the fields, and Chinese herbal medicine 1070 mu was developed in the village, including more than 300 mu of angelica sinensis on the membrane side, and a "green bank" grew on the loess slope.
How did the money bag swell up?
Create more rice bowls and increase income, and villagers will become "three-salary" farmers.
Science and technology enable the village head of Jinggu to develop new industries. Wang Lianhai is thinking about how to make industrial development more stable and increase the income of poor households.
As soon as the policy is warm, the phoenix returns to its nest. Zhao Wenhui, an able man, went back to his village and built a poverty alleviation workshop. A workshop "kill three birds with one stone": slicing raw materials, doubling the added value; Stabilize the market, and the medicinal materials planted by villagers are not worried about selling; It can also attract 46 poor households to work nearby.
33-year-old Chen Shu moved to the poverty alleviation workshop. She is very satisfied with this business: "The villagers are very happy to work together and sing' Flowers' when they are tired. Who can take care of each other and work at home without delaying the care of children and the elderly. " Now, she has become a skilled worker. She can do all the sorting and machine washing work, earning more than 2000 yuan a month. The poor family has recovered.
Branding improves efficiency. Yu Wei, a villager bank, took the lead in setting up a Chinese herbal medicine planting cooperative, opened an online shop and registered a trademark. "The medicinal materials we buy are definitely not used for pharmacy, and green products can fetch a good price." Cooperatives promote industrial upgrading, and green planting technology is gradually popularized.
Let left-behind women earn money at home. Zhang Xiuying, a poor household, became a craftsman through the training of cutting silk and enamel. On her desk, there are various lifelike handicrafts. "This is a meticulous work. It takes one day to take a photo, and it is paid by piece. " In the past, life was tense just by farming, but now with craftsmanship, life is easy.
Families lacking labor did not fall, and photovoltaic poverty alleviation allowed poor households to share dividends. "Without watering or fertilizing, the sun will get into the purse. How can you be unhappy? " Zhang Xiaoping, a poor household, just received a dividend of 2,000 yuan, praising the poverty alleviation policy again and again.
With one skill, going out to work has become a "hard-core crop" to get rid of poverty and get rich. Villager Bai once worked as a worker near the county seat. His income is not high, his job is unstable and his family is hard up. After the county organized free training, he got the professional qualification certificate of junior welder and went to Lhasa to open an electric welding shop, earning 654.38+10,000 yuan a year. "The adobe house at home has been renovated into a second floor, and the days are getting better and better." Over the past five years, more than 500 people in the village have gone out to work through skills training, achieving more stable and higher-paying employment.
With the combination of poverty alleviation through science and technology, poor households in Jinggu village no longer rely on digging holes in the soil and become "three-salary" farmers with income-increasing methods such as farming, working, shareholding and dividends. The poverty alleviation account in the village is becoming more and more clear: the remaining 52 poor households, 28 industrial poor households, 20 employment poor households and 4 households are all out of poverty this year.
"The village has changed a lot in recent years, but the gap with the outside is not small." Wang Lianhai said that the development of the village is very peaceful. The Chinese herbal medicine industry has just started, and the scale of cooperatives is not large. There are still many shortcomings to be filled in the development of e-commerce. "But more and more people have learned skills and straightened their backs. I believe that the good days are definitely not far away! "
(Article source: People's Daily)
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