Doing a good job in production quality management may be difficult, whether you are a beginner or have been in this industry for many years. I have compiled the basic principles of quality management for you, hoping to help you:
First, the bottom line principle.
The so-called bottom line principle is to build the bottom line of enterprise quality management and not cross it. The bottom line of quality management usually includes:
1, meet the requirements.
That is to meet the product quality requirements agreed with customers.
2. Prevent accidents
Quality accidents refer to a large number of defects. Preventing quality accidents is far more meaningful than pursuing zero defects. Quality accidents will hit the morale of employees and even hurt their vitality.
3. Minimum resources
In order to meet the requirements of quality and process control, the decision-making level of an enterprise should at least be equipped with minimum quality management resources. These resources include personnel, inspection instruments, necessary training and corresponding authorization.
Cheating is forbidden.
This kind of fraud includes forging inspection data and replacing materials that are not approved by customers. Fraud is usually the main source of quality accidents. Fraud includes enterprise behavior and employee behavior. Corporate behavior refers to the fact that enterprises instruct employees to falsify in order to show more beautiful data in front of customers, while employee behavior refers to the behavior of employees to falsify independently. For example, in order to cope with the inspection, employees fill in reports that are not filled in time with hypothetical data.
If an enterprise can keep the bottom line principle, the quality is generally not terrible.
Second, the principle of stability
Unstable quality means that enterprises will pay unbearable quality costs. The key to pursuing quality stability is simple standard operation, which means:
1, kissing principle
Keep it simple. Stupidity means writing the standard homework as succinctly as possible so that everyone who graduated from the third grade of primary school can see it clearly.
2, on behalf of the optimal operation
Standard operation must be carried out by engineers who are familiar with field operation and find out the best operation mode.
3. Employees are the approvers who never put pen to paper.
That is to say, we should actively listen to employees' feedback on standard operations and update valuable feedback to standard operations.
Third, the system principle.
System principle means that quality management forms a system, which is no longer a single operating point, no longer depends solely on quality control means, but also needs to emphasize quality assurance means. The advantage of forming a system is more preventive work and continuous improvement.
The method for forming the system is as follows:
1, quality planning, establishing feasible quality objectives, quality organization, quality development roadmap, etc. ;
2. Conduct systematic training for personnel;
3, organically unified with production management, customer service, procurement management, design optimization and other work affairs;
4. Establish a quality big data system, including production line bad data, customer complaint data, improvement tracking data, file record data, potential fault update data and quality monthly report;
5. Establish enterprise quality culture, that is, learning culture and improving culture.
Fourth, the early bird principle.
When there is a quality problem, the earlier it is found, the smaller the loss. This is the principle that the early bird catches the worm. The early bird principle in quality management mainly includes two aspects: one is to expose the problem, and the other is to control the problem from the source.
Exposing problems is to solve them. The problem is still a problem if it is not completely solved. If you pass the buck, it will cause more problems. If you can't find the problem, that's the problem. The people who are most likely to find problems are front-line workers, who are engaged in inspection, production and operation, and are most likely to find problems on the spot, including material problems, personnel conditions, equipment problems, packaging problems and so on.
Production exception record, employee suggestion box, unblocked reporting system and quality control circle (QCC) activities are all good methods to obtain on-site problems and encourage employees to improve independently.
From the point of source control, it mainly refers to two aspects, that is, finding problems at the front end and the beginning of production, such as the control of suppliers' materials, the control of samples entering mass production and the first sample inspection of production line; On the other hand, it refers to finding the root cause. What are the common methods? Five. Why? Analytical methods, quality control technology, etc. The design problem is also the root cause.
V. Principle of high efficiency
The so-called high efficiency principle is to further improve the efficiency of the system while ensuring the quality of the quality system.
The identification factors of the principle of high efficiency are:
1. Does the enterprise have first-class quality experts?
2. Has the team leader in the enterprise mastered enough solid quality analysis and improvement skills?
3. Is the file system minimized?
4. Do people in the enterprise agree that quality is not just a matter for the quality department? Most people are willing to participate in quality improvement.
5. People can always find valuable promotion space and specific affairs.
6. Suppliers or customers agree or are willing to learn the quality system of the enterprise.
The five basic principles of quality management are a progressive relationship. Enterprises must first build a solid quality bottom line, and then pursue quality stability. Once problems occur, they should be found and eliminated as soon as possible, form a perfect system, and show high efficiency and pragmatism.
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