Six characteristics
1, stable. Refers to the maturity and stability of skills.
2. mutual penetration. Although the skills and methods in writing vary with the types and varieties of articles, in the process of writing development, various skills often learn from each other and influence each other, thus forming the mutual infiltration characteristics of writing skills.
3. innovation. If only the writing skills are passed down from generation to generation, they will stick to the rules (explanation: Mo Zhai was good at guarding the city during the Warring States period, so he was said to be good at guarding the city; Convention: A ready-made rule or system. Refers to stubborn and conservative thinking, sticking to the rules and not thinking about reform and enterprising. ), without creative development, the article will become rigid, shrink or even die out.
4. Aesthetics. Colorful and flexible writing skills combine materials from different time and space and different angles into a colorful article building, which has eternal artistic value.
5, Fu Bixing, contrast, rendering, but you widen your view three hundred miles, make the finishing point, see the big picture from the small, want to promote first, associate imagination, word order inversion, etc.
6. independence. Independent creation, not pursuing gorgeous vocabulary, but paying attention to the expression of true self.
Eight writing skills
1, first-person narration
Features Because the content of the article is conveyed to the reader through "I", it means that what is written in the article is what the narrator saw with his own eyes, heard with his own ears, or experienced by the narrator himself, which makes the reader feel cordial and true. Use the first person, because the narrator is the party, the people and things described can only be those within the scope of "I" activities. People and things outside the scope of activities cannot be written in.
2. Third-person narrative method
It is characterized by third-person narration. The narrator is not limited by space or time, nor by physiology or psychology. He can directly show the people and things in the article to the readers and reflect the social life freely and flexibly. But the third-person narrative is often not as intimate and natural as the first-person narrative.
3. Successive approximation method
Characteristic time series narration is to describe things in chronological order, which conforms to the actual situation of the occurrence and development of things, so it is easy to write articles clearly. When using chronological order, we should pay attention to proper tailoring and highlight key points. Otherwise, it is easy to list, easy to be straightforward, and like a running account, it is boring to read.
4. Flashback method
Characteristic flashback is not a reverse narrative of the whole event, but a sequential narrative method besides advancing a certain part. There are generally three kinds of flashbacks: first, in order to express the central idea of the article, the part that can best express the central idea is mentioned in front and highlighted; The second is to make the structure of the article changeable and avoid straightforward narration; Third, in order to show the effect, the article twists and turns, causing suspense and fascinating. Explain the starting point clearly when flashback. There should be clear boundaries between flashback and sequence, necessary text transition and natural connection. Pay special attention not to toss and turn aimlessly, making the article unclear.
5. Interpolation method
Feature interpolation is to express the needs of the article center. Sometimes it is to help readers understand the narrative of the story; Sometimes it is to annotate and explain the plot of the characters that appear. The use of interpolation must obey the need to express the central idea, so as not to rock the boat and steal the host's attention. When inserting a narrative, we should also pay attention to the transition, care and cohesion of the article, and there should be no traces of fracture.
6. Supplementary narrative methods
The close-up supplement is mainly used to supplement the above narrative, which is generally fragmentary and short, without a complete event. You can also put the explanation or explanation in front and cause the following. The function of supplementary narrative generally does not develop plots and events, but enriches and supplements the original narrative.
7. Classification method
The function of feature classification is to make complicated things clear and orderly. You can tell one thing first, then another, or you can cross-talk several things. When using classification, it is necessary to establish narrative clues according to the content of the article and the need to express the central idea, and also to explain clearly the time when each event occurred and developed.
8. Detailed narrative method
Detailed description of features is generally used to describe the development and change process of things. When describing details, we should grasp the characteristics of characters or the details of things and describe them in detail. When writing a composition, the part closely related to the central idea should be described in detail. It has little to do with the central idea, but it has to be explained, so as to highlight the center of the article. Otherwise, the article will appear non-center or multi-center, which is more complicated.
Writing skills play an extremely important role in writing activities.
First, writing skills are an important condition to realize the author's writing intention. Generally speaking, the author's writing activities have certain writing intentions. The so-called writing intention refers to what kind of life and ideological content the author intends to express in an article or work, and what purpose is achieved through this expression. In order to successfully realize this writing intention, we must rely on writing skills.
Second, writing skills are the internal factors that constitute the artistry of literary works. The artistry of literary works refers to the perfection of literary works in reflecting social life or expressing thoughts and feelings. The achievement of this artistry depends on the author's world outlook, creative methods and writing skills. In specific works, artistry is manifested in the writer's use of various writing techniques under the guidance of a certain world outlook to create a typical image of artistic conception with aesthetic value, thus bringing aesthetic pleasure to readers. Although the artistry of literary works is different from formal beauty, it is more reflected in the artistic form that is in harmony with the content, and the perfect creation of artistic form depends on writing skills.
So what is the operational training of writing skills?
learning through living
Life is the source of writing. Colorful nature and human society not only provide us with inexhaustible writing materials, but also provide us with vivid and profound writing forms and writing skills. For example, when some life events are presented to people, coincidence and suspense are often inherent forms or "techniques"; Contrast and contrast are often important factors and "means" that constitute the beautiful landscape of nature and the aesthetic feeling of "art"; "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of rain and shine." The laws of life and nature contain twists and turns, changes and rhythms. "The cicada is singing in the forest, and the palace hill is quieter", and the common scene contains the artistic dialectical principle of complementary opposition between static and dynamic ... Therefore, learning writing skills must first learn from life. Only by observing life diligently and experiencing life deeply can we really improve our writing level.
(2) Reading and using for reference
That is, draw nutrition from excellent articles (as well as art forms such as music and painting) at all times and all over the world. Every excellent article is highly perfect in content and form, and its writing skills are often skillful and creative. Read more excellent articles, pay attention to their writing skills while paying attention to their ideological content, see what the author uses to express his ideological content, realize his writing intention, and analyze the specific application and writing effect of these writing skills. On this basis, we should further think about the reality (the reality of the writer's own thoughts and artistic accomplishment, as well as the reality of the subject matter and the object of expression) to see which techniques can be "brought" for my use after transformation. In this way, over time, my writing ability will naturally improve.
(3) Practice writing frequently.
This is an essential skill "operation training". A Qing writer Tang Biao wrote: "As the saying goes,' ten articles are not as good as one article'. Cover it often and it will be cooked. Although the topic is difficult, it is easy to do. If you don't do it often, you will learn from the road. Although the topic is easy, it is difficult to do. Shen hongye said:' the article is hard and astringent because it is unfamiliar, and it is unfamiliar because it is not done much.' What a nice letter! "Writing more practice makes perfect, and practice makes perfect. This is an unchangeable law. Anyone who tries to change or surpass this rule will never master the writing skills and write a good article. Only by writing frequently and repeatedly can a "generalization system" of writing skills and an "automatic" writing "action mode" be fixed on the writer. Knowing this, we can understand why those masters of language arts earnestly warned that "all of us should write, write and write as much as possible". Mastering writing skills is a process. This process can be divided into two stages. One is the stage of "skill" and the other is the stage of "familiarity". You can't learn it in the "skill" stage. You can observe, experience, read and write more, learn and master some basic writing skills and apply them to writing practice. This is the first stage of mastering writing skills. The stage of "mastery" is to seek change from the law. On the basis of the first stage, I have mastered a variety of writing skills, including the dialectical art of writing, and can skillfully and creatively apply it to writing practice. This is the second stage of mastering writing skills. The ancients said, "Those who study poetry should know their life." "The so-called law of living is a rule, and it can be divorced from the rules; Changes are unpredictable and they don't follow the rules. " Knowing and using the "living method" is an important symbol of mastering writing skills in the second stage. Mastering writing skills is of great significance to writing, and any view that denies the objective role of writing skills in writing is undoubtedly wrong. However, we can't absolutize skills and go to the extreme of technicalism. Because the main factor that determines the value of an article, or the content, is divorced from the rich and profound content, the aesthetic value and even artistry of the article will cease to exist. This, in particular, should attract the attention of beginners.