On July 6th, the National Textbook Committee was announced to be established, which was the first relevant committee established since the founding of New China, and promoted the textbook construction to an unprecedented new height.
1999 after the promulgation of the new curriculum standard, the right to compile textbooks has been delegated to local and related publishing institutions, and the textbooks for primary and secondary schools have always presented the situation of "one syllabus with many copies".
After the start of the new semester in early September this year, Jinan primary school and junior high school freshmen will use new textbooks. According to the requirements of the Ministry of Education, Chinese, history, morality and the rule of law will use the "part version" textbooks uniformly, and the use of new textbooks will start from the first grade, which also means that the era of "one syllabus and many books" in three subjects will gradually end.
"Ministry" textbook refers to the textbook directly organized by the Ministry of Education. What changes have been made in the content of the new textbook? What abilities does the new textbook focus on cultivating students? How should teachers and children respond in advance? The reporter launched a related interview.
Aunt Chen's Visit to Mother —— Lesson 12 of Chinese Grade One (Volume II) of Jiangsu Education Press. A fictional story.
Crows feed back —— Lesson 9 of Chinese (Volume II) of Jiangsu Education Publishing House. Picking holes: biology proves that crows have no such habit, no family and no way to feed back.
Zhu De and Orchids —— Volume II of Grade Four Chinese, Beijing Normal University Press. Picking holes: the story time can't stand scrutiny ...
In recent years, various primary school Chinese texts have appeared on the Internet from time to time. Since the promulgation of 1999 new curriculum standard, textbooks have been published one after another and compiled by local and relevant publishing institutions, and the textbooks for primary and secondary schools have always presented a situation of "one syllabus and many books". Take Chinese textbooks as an example. According to incomplete statistics, there are now 12 versions in primary schools and 8 versions in junior high schools.
In addition to the common sense problems that are often criticized by front-line teachers, the current textbooks involve too much foreign content and are often questioned by parents and netizens. Take the textbook of People's Education Edition currently used in primary school Chinese in Jinan as an example. Textbook 12 for grades one to six, of which the new edition for grade one is the textbook issued by the Ministry, and the textbook 10 for grades two to six is the old edition of People's Education Publishing House. The reporter read one book at a time.
There are two foreign languages in the first volume of 14 textbook used by senior one, and only one foreign language in the second volume of senior one is "One by One" from Japan. Among the old textbooks used in the second grade to the sixth grade, there are 34 texts in the first volume of the second grade, and 3 of them involve foreign content; Only four of the 32 texts in the second volume of Senior Two are foreign articles. There are 32 texts in the first and second volumes of Grade Three, each with 6 foreign languages. There are 10 * * texts involving foreign content in grade four, 9 in grade five and 1 1 in grade six.
According to the calculation, there are more than 520 kinds of selected Chinese textbooks for primary schools published by People's Education Publishing House, among which more than 80 kinds involve foreign content, accounting for 15%. Ren, a Chinese teacher at Jinan Primary School, said that in teaching, she usually doesn't deliberately emphasize whether the protagonist is a foreigner or a China native. The character in the article is only a personal pronoun, but the characteristics of the character, writing methods and the theme of expressing events are analyzed, so that students can broaden their horizons and increase their knowledge in the blending of scenes.
However, the doubtful points in this paper have also brought troubles to teachers' education and teaching activities, and some teachers can only weaken them. "Whether the article in the textbook is true or fictional, the teacher can't verify it, so it is impossible to directly tell the child the truth of the article, and the uncertain knowledge can't be taught to the child. Speaking of the lesson "Edison saves his mother", our focus is to let the children feel Edison's love for his mother and weaken Edison's handling of appendicitis surgery for his mother. " Feng Liping, director of the first grade department of the primary school affiliated to Shandong Normal University, who has been teaching 1 1 year, said that when senior students talk about Father and Son in the Earthquake, students will have the ability to judge right and wrong and will find some problems in the article. In class, teachers can only guide children to look at this problem dialectically, but can't input critical things into their minds.
The establishment of the National Textbook Committee has been highly valued.
On July 6th, the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on the Establishment of the National Textbook Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Notice) was issued, and it was decided to establish the National Textbook Committee. Liu Yandong, Vice Premier of the State Council, is the director of the Committee, and Chen Baosheng, Minister of Education, Huang Kunming, Vice Minister of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China and Zhu Zhiwen, Vice Minister of Education, are the secretaries-general. This is the first time that a relevant committee has been established since the founding of New China, which undoubtedly promotes the construction of teaching materials to an unprecedented new height.
Why should the National Textbook Committee be established? According to the circular, in order to implement the Opinions on Strengthening and Improving the Construction of Textbooks in Colleges, Middle Schools and Primary Schools under the New Situation and further improve the management of textbooks, the State Council decided to set up a national textbook committee. It is understood that the "Opinions on Strengthening and Improving the Construction of Textbooks in Colleges, Middle Schools and Primary Schools under the New Situation" was promulgated last year, including significance, overall requirements, scientific planning, improving the quality of textbooks, strengthening the research of textbooks, and strengthening the leadership of the party.
What is the function of the National Textbook Committee? What work will be carried out? The "Notice" clarifies that the State Textbook Committee is responsible for guiding and coordinating the national textbook work and implementing the major principles and policies of the party and the state on textbook work. It involves many aspects, including studying and deliberating the textbook construction plan and annual work plan, studying and solving major problems in textbook construction, guiding, organizing and coordinating relevant textbook work in various regions and departments, reviewing national curriculum and curriculum standards, and reviewing national planning textbooks with strong ideological attributes.
Besides 65,438+0 directors, 2 deputy directors and 65,438+0 secretaries-general, the Committee consists of 22 departmental members and 27 expert members. The reporter noted that the members of the Committee are diverse and come from many industries and departments. Among them, Wang Xiaotao, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs and Deputy Director of the National Development and Reform Commission, Huang Wei, Vice Minister of Science and Technology, and other leaders of relevant departments in the State Council, Zhen, Vice President of the Central Party School, Deputy Director of the Central Literature Research Office, and vice presidents of China Academy of Sciences, China Academy of Engineering and China Academy of Social Sciences. Among the 27 professional members, there are not only university teachers such as the president of Beijing Normal University, Professor Yang He, former deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Peking University, and Professor Wen of Beijing Foreign Studies University, but also experts in related fields such as the former president of Beijing No.2 Experimental Primary School, the former vice-president of Shanghai, and the former deputy governor of Jiangsu Province, Wang Zhan.
"The establishment of the National Textbook Committee is mainly responsible for clarifying the standards of curriculum construction and textbook compilation, which is conducive to improving the quality of curriculum setting and textbook compilation." Xiong Bingqi, vice president of the 2 1 Century Education Research Institute, said that the setting and development of courses and the compilation and use of teaching materials are extremely important to the development of education in China, which is directly related to what kind of people to train and how to train them. The establishment of a textbook Committee at the national level shows that the state attaches great importance to the compilation of textbooks.
The era of "departmental edition" textbooks has arrived, and Jinan is organizing teacher training.
According to the news from the Ministry of Education, from September this year, the three subjects of morality and rule of law, Chinese and history in compulsory education will use the "partial edition" textbook. From the beginning of grade, various versions of teaching materials will gradually withdraw from the stage. Among them, morality and rule of law (special edition of rule of law education) use unified textbooks for grades one, seven and eight, for grades one and seven of Chinese, and for grade seven of history. "Starting from primary schools and junior high schools, we will gradually promote unified teaching materials." According to a person from Jinan Education Institute, the "Partial Edition" Chinese textbook has been tried out in the first grade of primary school and junior high school in Jinan since last year, and will be used in history, morality and rule of law this fall.
What is an edited textbook? The "Ministry Edition" textbook is directly compiled by the Ministry of Education. 20 12 the Ministry of education reconsiders organizing the compilation of unified textbooks on moral education, history and Chinese in compulsory education, or called demonstration textbooks. In the past, the compilation of teaching materials was carried out by publishing houses, and it was only one or two years at most. The textbook of "Ministry Edition" has been compiled for five years, and has gone through complicated procedures such as determining the outline and style framework, drawing up samples, selecting articles, and entering the specific compilation. Wen Rumin, editor-in-chief of the Ministry of Education, said that due to the direct leadership of the Ministry of Education, the compilation of this textbook was unprecedented. Fifty or sixty experts, scholars, writers, researchers, teachers and editors were mobilized from all over the country to form a writing team. In fact, hundreds of experts from various disciplines participated in the consultation of this textbook. The textbook has also passed more than 30 rounds of evaluation, the evaluation of hundreds of special-grade teachers and the trial teaching of dozens of schools in many provinces and cities. According to reports, new textbooks for the first grade of primary school and the first grade of junior high school have been released, and others are still being submitted for trial. The second grade will not be printed until August.
According to the work arrangement of the Ministry of Education, starting from 20 17, through the demonstration led by the central government, the provinces, cities, counties and schools organized the implementation, and it took three years to complete the training of all teachers in the "three subjects" in our province. The reporter learned from the Provincial Department of Education that at the end of June this year, the Provincial Department of Education had organized and carried out provincial-level centralized training for teaching and research personnel in 17 city and 137 county (city, district). "At the training meeting, the textbook writing experts introduced the thinking and basic style of textbook writing, teaching guidance and implementation suggestions, analysis of key and difficult points of textbooks, and sharing of teaching suggestions." Duan Jinsheng, a history researcher at Jinan Middle School, participated in the training in the province. He introduced that the biggest change of the "partial edition" history textbook is that it was originally arranged according to the theme, but now it is arranged in chronological order. In his view, such an arrangement is more in line with historical characteristics. In addition, history textbooks used to be written in big characters, but now they are all in big characters, and a historical reading column has been added.
The reporter learned that in order to make teachers adapt to the new teaching materials more quickly, Jinan has set a timetable for teacher training in three disciplines. On July 13, district-level teaching and research staff and key teachers of various schools received training; Before the end of July, all the front-line teachers in the three subjects of each school, especially those in grades using new textbooks, will be trained.
The "Ministry Edition" language has been tried out in the economy.
The new textbook was praised by teachers and students.
Where are the new textbooks in the Ministry? Taking the "Ministry Edition" Chinese textbook that has been in Jinan for one year as an example, the concept of compiling the textbook embodies the socialist core values and achieves "overall planning and organic infiltration". Grounding gas can meet the first-line needs and correct the teaching ills. For example, in the current Chinese teaching, there are generally two more and one less: too much intensive reading and intensive speaking, too many repeated exercises, and too little reading for students. The newly compiled Chinese textbooks have noticed this problem and adopted some improvement methods.
"From a formal point of view, the new textbook has changed from the previous 32k version to the 16k version, which is illustrated and illustrated, making it more convenient for children to use; From the content point of view, the text has also undergone a "big change of blood", adding many traditional cultural factors and adding many small rhymes learned by ancient children. It is catchy and classic to read. Instead, some fake articles in the old textbooks were deleted, which is more in line with the child's cognitive age. " Feng Liping said.
Articles such as Wang Erxiao and Crow Drinking Water were deleted, and some new words were added, such as Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter, How to Be Happy, Night, Dragon Boat Festival Zongzi and Stationery House, with a wide range of topics and diverse genres. Some texts in the old textbooks are very long, and some students find it difficult to read them in teaching. "Hu Liangpeng, a Chinese teacher at Shiyi Road Primary School, said that the liberal arts students selected in the new textbook are lively, fairy tales and interesting stories, which truly reflect life-oriented reading.
In addition, some extracurricular reading contents have been added to the "Ministry of Teaching Materials". For example, in the first grade of primary school, "reading with adults" was set up, which was intended to link up with preschool education and guide reading interest from the beginning. Almost every unit in the middle and senior grades of primary school has an extension of extracurricular reading. Junior high school has strengthened the "selected reading of famous books", changed the "appreciative" writing style and emphasized "one book and one method". Every time "Selected Reading of Famous Books" is held, students are guided to focus on learning a certain reading method.
It is worth mentioning that the content of traditional culture in the new textbook has increased. For example, there are ancient poems in the first grade of primary school. In the whole primary school, 6 grades 12 volumes * * * read 124 excellent ancient poems, accounting for 30% of all selected articles, 55 more than the original People's Education Edition, with an increase of 80%. There are about 20 articles per grade on average. Junior high schools also have 124 preferred poems, accounting for 5 1.7% of all selected poems, which is also improved compared with the original People's Education Edition, with an average of about 40 poems per grade. Genres are more diverse, from The Book of Songs to poems in Qing Dynasty, from ancient customs, folk songs, regular poems, quatrains to lyric poems, from essays of various schools to historical essays, from papers of Han Dynasty to ancient prose of Tang and Song Dynasties, and essays of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The content of revolutionary traditional education also occupies a large proportion, with 40 articles selected in primary school and 29 in junior high school. Lu Xun's works include Hometown, Chang, Shan Hai Jing and so on.
"Since the new textbook was put into use for one year, the top-down thinking is to teach in strict accordance with the requirements of the textbook, regardless of participating in relevant training in the country or provinces and cities. Judging from the amount of literacy, the new textbook has reduced 100 words. Moreover, the new textbook is more suitable for children's nature, conforms to children's growth laws, and is less difficult and more interesting. " Feng Liping said that after several rounds of evaluation, the "teaching materials of ministries and commissions" can be said to be very attentive in moral education. Instead of the boring preaching content in traditional textbooks, it slowly penetrates into children through some classic poems such as short stories or three-character classics.
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