The State Council Security Committee's Decision on Further Strengthening Safety Training points out that a safety training input mechanism should be established, which is mainly invested by enterprises and actively funded by social funds. Enterprises should fully allocate funds for safety training in employee training funds and safety expenses, and arrange special funds for safety training when implementing technological transformation and project introduction.
By the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, the main responsible persons, safety management personnel and special operators of mines, construction units and enterprises in high-risk industries such as production, management and storage of dangerous goods (hereinafter referred to as "three posts") have reached 100%, and the employees of enterprises focusing on team leaders, new workers and migrant workers have reached 100%. 100% of safety supervisors at all levels hold administrative law enforcement certificates, and 100% of teachers who undertake safety training participate in knowledge updating training, which significantly improves the basic guarantee ability and quality of safety training.
A, the construction unit three kinds of management personnel and "three jobs" personnel training and assessment.
(A) three types of management personnel training assessment
The Regulations on the Administration of Work Safety in Construction Projects stipulates that the main person in charge of the construction unit, the person in charge of the project and the full-time personnel in charge of work safety shall not take up their posts until they have passed the examination by the construction administrative department or other departments.
The main person in charge of the construction unit should be fully responsible for the safety production of the unit, the project leader should be fully responsible for the safety production of the construction project, and the safety production management personnel should specifically undertake the daily safety production management of the unit. The construction safety knowledge level and management ability of these three types of personnel are directly related to the safety production management level of this unit and this project. If these three types of personnel lack the basic knowledge of construction safety production, the management and organization ability of construction safety production is not strong, or even command in violation of regulations, it is likely to lead to construction safety accidents. Therefore, they must pass the examination of safety production knowledge and management ability before taking up their posts.
(B) "three posts" personnel training assessment
The State Council's "Opinions on Persisting in Scientific Development and Safe Development to Promote the Sustained, Stable and Improved Situation of Safe Production" stipulates that the main responsible persons, safety management personnel and special operations personnel of enterprises shall be strictly examined and certified. The Decision of the State Council Safety Committee on Further Strengthening Safety Training further points out that the system of holding certificates for "three posts" personnel shall be strictly implemented. Enterprises that newly employ or recruit "three posts" personnel shall organize them to participate in safety training, pass the examination and hold relevant certificates. The principal responsible person, actual controller and safety management personnel of the enterprise responsible for the fatal accident shall re-take the safety training examination.
The main person in charge of the enterprise and the safety management personnel in the "three posts" personnel have been covered in the three types of management personnel. For special operations personnel, because they are engaged in operations that directly endanger the safety of themselves or others and their surrounding facilities, they must receive special safety operation training and obtain the qualification certificate for special operations before taking up their posts.
According to the Regulations on the Administration of Work Safety in Construction Engineering, the operators, installers, demolition workers, blasting workers, signal-lifting workers and erection workers of vertical transportation machinery must receive special safety operation training in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and obtain the qualification certificate for special operations before taking up their posts. In April 2008, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the Regulations on the Management of Special Operators in Construction, which further stipulated that special operations in construction include: (1) construction electrician; (2) Construction scaffolder; (3) Construction hoisting signal company; (4) Construction crane driver; (5) Installation and disassembly of construction hoisting machinery; (6) Installation and disassembly of hanging basket for aerial work; (seven) other special operations identified by the competent construction department of the people's government at or above the provincial level.
Second, the construction unit staff safety education and training
The Regulations on the Administration of Work Safety in Construction Projects stipulates that the construction unit shall conduct education and training on work safety for managers and operators at least once a year, and the education and training shall be recorded in personal work files. Personnel who fail to pass the safety production education and training examination shall not take up their posts. The State Council's "Opinions on Persisting in Scientific Development and Safe Development to Promote the Continuous, Stable and Improved Situation of Safe Production" stipulates that enterprises should sign labor contracts with employees in strict accordance with the Labor Contract Law, and all employees must be trained and qualified before they can take up their posts.
The construction unit shall, according to the actual needs, teach students in different positions and types of work in accordance with their aptitude. Safety education and training can take many forms, including safety situation report meeting, accident case analysis meeting, safety legal education, safety technology exchange, safety competition, master taking apprentices, etc.
Third, safety education and training before entering a new post or new construction site
Due to the particularity of new posts and new sites, the construction unit must provide safety education and training for newly hired or transferred employees, including construction safety production laws and regulations, hazard identification on the construction site, safety technical operation procedures, knowledge of machinery and equipment, electrical and aerial work safety, fire prevention, gas prevention, dust prevention and explosion prevention, emergency safety treatment and safe evacuation knowledge, use knowledge of safety protection articles, self-rescue and risk removal in case of accidents, rescue of the wounded, on-site protection and timely reporting.
The Regulations on the Administration of Work Safety in Construction Projects stipulates that workers should receive education and training on work safety before entering new posts or new construction sites. Without education and training or education and training examination unqualified personnel shall not work at their posts. The State Council Security Committee's Decision on Further Strengthening Safety Training pointed out that the pre-job training system for employees should be strictly implemented. Construction enterprises should conduct at least 32 hours of safety training and at least 20 hours of retraining for new employees every year.
Strengthen on-site safety training. High-risk enterprises should strictly implement the pre-shift safety training system, and tell the knowledge of post safety production and emergency rescue, potential safety hazards and precautions in a targeted manner, so that pre-shift safety training becomes the first line of defense for safety production. It is necessary to vigorously promote safety confirmation methods such as "finger dictation" and help employees ensure that they work according to the rules by thinking, watching, pointing and dictation. It is necessary to strengthen the training of team leaders and improve their on-site safety management level and on-site safety risk management and control ability.
Four, the use of new technologies, new processes, new equipment, new materials before the production safety education and training.
The Regulations on the Administration of Work Safety in Construction Projects stipulates that when the construction unit adopts new technologies, new processes, new equipment and new materials, it shall conduct corresponding education and training on work safety for the operators. The State Council Security Committee's Decision on Further Strengthening Safety Training points out that enterprises that adjust their employees' posts or adopt new technologies, equipment and materials should receive special safety training.
With the rapid development of engineering construction and science and technology in China, more and more new technologies, new processes, new equipment and new materials are widely used in construction production activities, which greatly promotes the improvement of construction production efficiency and engineering quality, and also puts forward higher requirements for the quality of construction workers. If the construction unit has insufficient knowledge and understanding of new technologies, new processes, new equipment and new materials, and its safety technical performance, or fails to take effective safety protection measures and conduct special safety education and training for construction personnel, it may lead to accidents. Therefore, when adopting new technologies, new processes, new equipment and new materials, the construction unit must carry out special safety education and training for the construction personnel, and take protective measures to ensure safety and prevent accidents.
Five, safety education and training methods
The Decision of the State Council Security Committee on Further Strengthening Safety Training points out that the system of master taking apprentices should be improved and implemented. After passing the safety training for new employees in high-risk enterprises, they should be led by experienced workers' masters and can work independently after at least two months' internship. Generally speaking, a worker's master should have a skill level above the intermediate level, have more than three years of corresponding work experience, have outstanding performance, be good at "passing on, helping and leading" and have no conditions such as "three violations". It is necessary to organize the signing of a mentoring agreement and establish an incentive and restraint mechanism for the master to take the apprentice.
Support large and medium-sized enterprises and underdeveloped areas to establish safety training institutions, and focus on building a number of demonstration training institutions with simulation, somatosensory and practical characteristics. Strengthen remote safety training. Develop the national safety training network and online learning platform of related industries to realize the sharing of high-quality resources. The credit system of online training hours is implemented, and the hours and credit scores are linked to continuing education and retraining. Use video, TV, mobile phone, etc. Expand the form of distance training.
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