(1) What are the emergency call methods? (1) shout.

In case of fire, explosion, river bank gap, landslide, gangster murder and other dangerous situations, shouting loudly can often make nearby people find people in distress in time. (2) In rivers, lakes, oceans and mountain streams, a dye can be used for communication.

This dye powder is blue and grandmother green when sprinkled in water, and fluoresces in the sun. The plane can see it from 7 kilometers away. (3) In the open grassland, beach, desert and snow, you can make ground signs, such as cutting grass into signs or splicing branches and seaweed into certain signs, or stepping on the signs in the snow to contact with the air.

(4) Open flame contact at night. The flame emitted by fireworks is bright and abnormal; Although flashlights and oil lamps are not far from sight, they are used for a long time and are easy to be found by rescuers.

During the day, you can put some moss and branches on the fire to make it smoke more, which will be more eye-catching and effective.

2. What should I pay attention to when taking refuge in a mine refuge chamber?

Precautions for taking refuge in the refuge room are as follows.

(1) Before entering the refuge cavern, there should be obvious signs such as clothes and miner's lamps outside the cavern so that the rescue team can find them. (2) When rescuing, keep quiet, don't be impatient, and try to lie on the bottom of the roadway to keep energy, reduce oxygen consumption and avoid inhaling more toxic gases.

(3) Only one miner's lamp is left in the cavern for lighting, and all other miner's lamps are closed for use when retreating again. (4) Intermittent knocking on iron or rock sends out a call signal.

(5) All disaster avoidance personnel should unite and help each other and strengthen their confidence. (6) The mountain is blocked by water, so don't run down for a visit.

When the water is discharged from the roof, do not rush out to prevent gas poisoning such as SO2 and H2S. (7) Don't get too excited after seeing the medical staff, in case of blood vessel rupture.

3. Coal mine workers must be familiar with the knowledge of self-help and mutual aid and hedging.

"six systems" for coal mine safety and avoidance;

Coal mine safety avoidance system is an important technical guarantee to prevent accidents, carry out self-help and mutual rescue and emergency avoidance when accidents occur, and reduce casualties. "Six systems" refer to monitoring system, personnel positioning system, emergency avoidance system, compressed air self-rescue system, water supply and rescue system and communication system. Coal mines should establish an emergency drill system, scientifically determine the route to avoid disasters, prepare emergency plans, and carry out a "six systems" joint emergency drill once a year. Strengthen the training of personnel entering the well, so that they can be familiar with the route to avoid disasters in various disaster situations and can correctly use safety and safety facilities.

I. Mine monitoring system Coal monitoring system refers to an automatic system that can dynamically monitor underground gas, carbon monoxide concentration, temperature and wind speed. The central station of mine monitoring system implements the 24-hour duty system. When the system sends out alarm, power failure and abnormal feeding information, it can quickly take emergency measures such as power failure, evacuation and shutdown to give full play to its early warning function of safety avoidance.

Second, the coal mine underground personnel positioning system The coal mine underground personnel positioning system refers to a system that can ensure the real-time grasp of the dynamic distribution and changes of all underground personnel in each operation area by carrying identification cards into the well. When an emergency happens, the position of underground workers can be accurately grasped, which provides a basis for emergency rescue of accidents.

Three. Underground emergency evacuation system Underground emergency evacuation system refers to the safe-haven places and facilities established for people who cannot be evacuated to safe areas when disasters and accidents occur. Underground emergency evacuation system includes temporary refuge chamber, permanent refuge chamber and rescue capsule. Coal and gas outburst mines should build refuge chambers in the mining area; When the length of driving roadway in outburst coal seam and the strike length of coal mining face exceed 500m, it is necessary to build refuge chambers or set rescue capsules within 500m from the working face. Coal and gas outburst mines outside the mine, walking from the mining face, who can't safely evacuate to the ground within the rated protection time provided by the self-rescuer, must build an refuge chamber or rescue capsule within the range of 1000m from the mining face. Emergency shelter facilities should have basic functions such as safety protection, oxygen supply guarantee, harmful gas removal, environmental monitoring, communication, lighting, power supply and personnel survival guarantee. Without any external support, its rated protection time should be no less than 96h. Four, mine compressed air self-help system refers to the system that can provide compressed air and gas supply for all mining sites and provide valuable oxygen for accident site personnel when disasters occur. Air compressors are generally installed on the ground. However, in the deep multi-level mining mine, when the air compressor is installed on the ground and it is difficult to ensure effective air supply to the underground operation point, it can be installed at a safe and reliable position at the bottom of the air intake shaft two levels above its air supply level. Compressed air self-rescue device should be set up in the mining face of outburst mine. Other mine tunneling faces should be equipped with compressed air pipelines and gas supply valves.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Mine water supply and rescue system Mine water supply and rescue system refers to the pre-installed real-time water supply system to ensure the water demand of personnel at the scene of fire, explosion and other accidents. "Coal Mine Safety Regulations" requires the construction and improvement of dust-proof water supply system. Besides tee joints and valves, water supply valves should be set at all mining faces and other places where people are concentrated to ensure that all mining sites can meet the requirements of emergency water supply when disasters occur.

6. Mine communication contact system Mine communication contact system refers to a system that ensures the smooth and effective transmission of important information in the event of an accident. According to the requirements of notifying personnel to evacuate in time when a disaster occurs, the communication system should be built and improved. Telephones are installed in the main mechanical and electrical equipment chambers, such as winch room, bottom yard, transportation dispatching room, mining substation, water pump room, mining face, mining area and the highest level. Underground refuge chamber, underground main water pump room, underground central substation and outburst coal seam mining face, evacuation place during blasting, etc. , are equipped with direct mine dispatching room telephone. It is necessary to actively promote the use of underground wireless communication systems and underground broadcasting systems to ensure that underground personnel can be informed to evacuate in time in case of danger.

4. What are the emergency hedging knowledge?

Emergency avoidance refers to the act of harming the legal rights of another minor in order to protect the state, public interests, the person, property and other rights of oneself or others from the ongoing danger.

The condition for its establishment is: 1, and it must be really dangerous. Realistic dangers include: dangers caused by natural forces, such as floods and earthquakes; Hazards caused by machinery and energy equipment, such as aircraft failure and spontaneous combustion of oil depots; Danger caused by animal invasion; Danger caused by man-made reasons, etc.

If there is no danger in reality, the actor mistakenly thinks that there is such a danger because of misunderstanding of the facts, so he implements the so-called emergency hedging, which is called imaginary hedging in criminal law theory. The hypothetical liability of hedging applies the principle of understanding the facts incorrectly.

2. It must be an ongoing danger, that is, the danger is imminent and the legitimate rights and interests are threatened by danger. If emergency hedging is not implemented, the danger will immediately turn into a real hazard, causing irreparable losses to the relevant legitimate rights and interests. For the dangers that have not yet arrived or have passed, emergency hedging cannot be implemented.

Otherwise, hedging is not timely. For example, the strong wind at sea has passed and there is no threat to navigation. At this time, the captain also ordered the goods to be thrown into the sea, which was an untimely avoidance.

The captain should bear criminal responsibility for the huge damage caused by this. It must be an unavoidable danger without damaging some legitimate rights and interests. Emergency avoidance is no other choice.

4, must be for the purpose of protecting legitimate rights and interests. The actor's damage to a legitimate right and interest must be for the legitimate purpose of avoiding greater loss of legitimate rights and interests.

Emergency avoidance is to protect one legal right by damaging another. Therefore, the object of emergency hedging damage is the legitimate rights and interests of the third party.

Clarifying this point is of great significance to distinguish between emergency avoidance and legitimate defense. It is justifiable defense to protect the legitimate rights and interests by harming the interests of the wrongdoer when the wrongdoer's illegal infringement poses danger to the state, public interests and other legitimate rights.

If the legitimate rights and interests are protected by harming the legitimate rights and interests of the third party, it is an emergency hedging. Different damage objects are one of the important differences between emergency avoidance and legitimate defense.

5, shall not exceed the necessary limit to cause undue damage, in order to effectively avoid danger and must lose the legitimate rights and interests of the way must be based on the "necessary limit" as the premise. Emergency hedging does not apply to people who have specific responsibilities in their positions and businesses.

5. When a mine disaster happens, how should miners avoid it correctly?

After the mine accident, if you can't retreat (roof caving blocks the passage, you can't reach a safe place within the effective working time of the self-rescuer, etc. ), should quickly enter the temporary shelter cavern built in advance or nearby quickly, properly avoid disasters, wait for the rescue of the mine rescue team, and avoid blind action.

According to the field investigation and the introduction of the rescued persons, (1) all the people who took refuge in the higher position died, and most of the people in the lower position saved their lives. (2) The person lying on the floor and blocking his mouth with a wet towel saved his life.

On the contrary, especially in the direction of smoke, everyone dies. (3) After the accident, most people who ran around crying and shouting in panic died.

Examples at the scene of the accident show that people in distress can persist and be rescued for a long time after taking appropriate self-rescue measures. On the morning of June 65438+1 October 07, 2009, a roof fall accident occurred in Gaozhuang Coal Mine of Yongxing Office in Shenmu County. At that time, there were 27 people on duty underground, of whom 24 were safely raised and 3 were trapped underground.

The three miners trapped are: monitor Wang Shibin (also known as Wang Shiwu), 52 years old, from Botou, Hebei; Shi, the driver of the explosion-proof car, is 36 years old, from Xixiang, Shaanxi; Zhang Meijun, driver of explosion-proof loader, is 39 years old and is from Inner Mongolia. According to the memory of the rescued miner Shi afterwards: "At that time, I only heard a bang, and a strong shock wave rushed from behind me. Suddenly, the roadway was full of smoke and dust, which made me breathless.

Fortunately, he and two workers were at the end of the roadway at that time, and they were able to save their lives and wait for rescue. "It's over, it's over!" He and two workmates realized that the problem was serious.

When the roof falls a little, they look for a way out around the roadway, but they are all blocked. Under the leadership of Wang Shiwu, the squad leader with rich underground experience, three trapped miners quickly found safer vents and clean water in the water tank of the underground loader by the light of miner's lamp.

Fortunately, when he went down the well, Wang Shiwu also brought two apples. The trapped miners divide the apples when they are hungry and drink the water in the water tank when they are thirsty. They persisted for six days, only two apples and water.

1October 22nd 10, No.9 drilling hole has just been drilled to a position not far from them. After hearing the noise, they felt saved, so they groped for the hole. On August 2, 20061day 13, three miners Tian, Wang and Cai who were trapped underground for 42 hours in Tiande Gypsum Mine, Mengquan Town, Shimen County, Hunan Province were rescued from the adjacent No.2 well of Huaying Gypsum Mine.

So far, of the 28 miners working underground, 19 are alive, 8 are killed and 1 is missing. According to Tian, the surviving miner, he worked underground for 65,438+04 years. When he found the gypsum mine collapsed, he immediately led Wang and Cai to hide on the parallel road to transport the gypsum mine.

After the collapse stopped, the three of them groped in the opposite direction of the collapse along the wires laid underground. With years of experience in gypsum mine and familiarity with underground tunnels, they finally came to the relatively safe No.2 well of Huahua gypsum mine along the same tunnel and successfully climbed out of the hole.

For example, at about 6: 438 on August 2007, an illegal coal mining site in Jinjitai Village, Shijiaying Township, Fangshan District, Beijing collapsed, and Meng and Meng Xian brothers from Chifeng, Inner Mongolia were trapped underground. Earlier, on the afternoon of the 20th, after dozens of hours of rescue, the on-site command listened to professional analysis opinions and thought that the trapped people no longer had living conditions, and it was extremely dangerous to continue the rescue, so it was decided to stop the rescue.

When all the people on the ground gave up hope, the Montessori brothers did not give up. They drank urine to quench their thirst, persisted in digging, and finally created a miracle of life. With a sigh of "narrow escape", on the morning of 24th, around 10, at an illegal coal mining point in Jinjitai Village, Shijiaying Township, Fangshan District, Meng Xianyou dug a hole above the landslide and climbed out. After being trapped 130 hours, they saw the light of day again.

The doctor said that there was no trauma on these two people and their lives were not in danger. They were able to escape mainly because they were not hit by landslides, and there was a certain space and enough air underground.